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Satire or exploitation? : Aspects of intersectionality in Stanley Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange and Full Metal Jacket
No full textSyftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur intersektionella maktstrukturer såsom kön, etnicitet och klass gestaltas i Stanley Kubricks filmer A Clockwork Orange (1971) och Full Metal Jacket (1987). Genom att kombinera en hermeneutisk filmanalys med ett intersektionellt och postkolonialt teoretiskt ramverk analyseras hur Kubrick använder satir som ett verktyg för att kritisera rådande maktstrukturer men också hur denna kritik i vissa fall riskerar att betraktas som exploaterande. Uppsatsen utgår från teorier av bland andra Laura Mulvey, bell hooks, Richard Dyer, Susan Jeffords och John T. Gilmore för att analysera filmernas skildringar av vithet, maskulinitet, kvinnokroppens objektifiering och estetiserat våld. Analysen visar att Kubricks filmer befinner sig i en gråzon där satir och exploatering samexisterar och ibland förstärker varandra. Det är denna tvetydighet som gör Kubricks filmverk så komplexa och samtidigt provocerande, svårtolkade samt problematiska ur ett intersektionellt perspektiv
When the state sets the framework for honor: : - a discourse analysis of the Heva - model
No full textHonor–related violence and oppression is a complex societal issue in Sweden, increasingly recognized since the early 2000s. To support social workers in working with such cases, the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare (Socialstyrelsen) developed an assessment tool, the Heva – model, for identifying risks among children and young people in honor- related contexts. Previous research has shown uncertainty among social workers in distinguishing honor- based violence from domestic violence, as well as lack of specific assessment tools. This study analyzed how the Heva – model constructed honor – related violence as a social problem, focusing on risk factors and using a discourse analytical approach. The material of this study included Heva – manual and Heva - questionnaire, which were analyzed through coding to identify key themes. The results showed that the model framed honor-related violence as gender-based and rooted in patriarchal, collective norms. While aiming to be inclusive, it may reinforce stereotypes by implicitly associating risks as a form of cultural practices. Heva is a non-standardized format which allowed flexibility but also risked subjective interpretations. This study highlighted the importance of critical reflection and intersectional awareness in social work to ensure fair and unbiased evaluations
Enhanced oil/water separation using electrospun sandwich-like fibrous membranes of PCL/PMMA@PCL/PCL
No full textThis study reports the fabrication of sandwich-structured PCL/PMMA@PCL/PCL electrospun membranes with PCL outer layers and a PMMA@PCL middle layer, designed to enhance mechanical strength and separation efficiency for oil-in-water emulsion treatment. To improve surface wettability, the membranes were treated with ethanol, introducing physically adsorbed hydroxyl groups without altering the chemical structure. A cold-pressing process was employed to increase membrane compactness resulting in enhanced mechanical performance. Morphological and structural characterisation confirmed the successful formation of the layered architecture, with reduced fibre diameter attributed to axial stretching under compressive force. Compared with single-layer PCL membranes, the multilayer structure exhibited a more balanced combination of mechanical robustness and separation performance. The Sandwich-1 membrane exhibited high oil rejection rates (∼95 %) and satisfactory mechanical properties in short-term filtration tests, indicating its suitability for water treatment applications. Although the flux recovery ratio (FRR) remained above 90 %, it was somewhat limited due to the basic deionized water rinsing, which was insufficient to fully remove trapped oil droplets. Long-term filtration further revealed a gradual flux decline attributed to membrane compaction and partial pore blockage. These findings highlight the potential of structural and physical surface modifications for developing high-performance membranes and suggest that future optimisation should focus on durable hydrophilic treatments and more effective antifouling and cleaning strategies to improve long-term operational stability
Ten Kilometres of Choices : Exploring Car Use for Short-Distance Travel – An Age Group Comparison
No full textBiltrafiken är en stor källa till koldioxidutsläpp och ett ämne som är högaktuellt världen över. Många bilresor är korta och skulle kunna ersättas med alternativa sätt att resa. I denna studie undersöks därför varför invånare i Växjö kommun väljer bil för korta resor, med särskilt fokus på åldersskillnader i transportbeteende. En enkät genomfördes på en bensinstation i Växjö, enkäten samlade in både kvantitativa och kvalitativa svar från 34 respondenter. Datan analyserades med hjälp av deskriptiv statistik, chi-två-test och Mann-Whitney U-test. Resultatet visar att bilen är det dominerande färdmedlet, både till arbete och fritidsaktiviteter. De främsta orsakerna till bilval är behov av att genomföra ärenden, kortare restid och bekvämlighet. Trots god infrastruktur för cykling och kollektivtrafik väljs dessa mer sällan, vilket pekar på att psykologiska faktorer såsom upplevd otrygghet vid cykling samt invanda vanor spelar större roll än infrastrukturen i sig. Skillnader mellan åldersgrupper framkom - yngre efterfrågade bättre cykelinfrastruktur och elcyklar, medan äldre betonade vinterunderhåll och andra strukturella hinder. Skillnaderna speglar delvis olika livssituationer men visar samtidigt att grundproblemet, ett starkt bilberoende, är gemensamt över åldersgränserna. Studien konstaterar att för att öka hållbara transporter krävs insatser riktade till de psykologiska och praktiska barriärer som individer upplever. Road traffic is a major source of CO₂ emissions and a topic of global concern. Many car trips are short and could be replaced by alternative modes of transport. This study investigates why residents of Växjö Municipality choose to drive for trips under 10 km, with a particular focus on age-related differences in travel behavior. A survey conducted at a local petrol station collected quantitative and qualitative responses from 34 participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results show that the car dominates both work and leisure travel. The primary reasons for driving are the need to run errands, shorter travel times, and overall convenience. Despite good cycling and public transport infrastructure, these modes were chosen far less frequently, suggesting that psychological factors—such as perceived insecurity when cycling— and ingrained habits outweigh infrastructural availability. Age groups differed: younger respondents requested improved cycling infrastructure and e-bikes, while older participants emphasized winter maintenance and structural barriers. Although these needs reflect different life circumstances, they reveal a shared underlying issue: a strong reliance on cars across all ages. The study concludes that promoting sustainable transport requires addressing the psychological and practical barriers individuals face
Distribution and Accumulation of PBDEs in the Baltic Sea Ecosystem : <em data-start="366" data-end="456">An Evaluative Analysis of Biomagnification and Trophic Exposure Based on Literature Data
No full textDenna litteraturstudie undersöker förekomsten och spridningsmönstret av polybromerade difenyletrar (PBDE:er) i Östersjöns marina näringsväv, med fokus på biomagnifiering, kongengruppspecifik ackumulering samt överskridanden av EU:s miljökvalitetsnormer (EQS). Studien baseras på data från åtta vetenskapliga artiklar, utvalda enligt kriterier för geografisk anknytning, ekologisk relevans och kongenspecifik rapportering. Fyra trofiska nivåer definierades utifrån organismers ekologiska funktion, och data analyserades med regressionsanalys, variansanalys (ANOVA) samt visualisering av kongenspecifika trender. Resultaten visar att PBDE-koncentrationerna generellt ökade något med trofisk nivå, men sambandet var svagt (R² = 0,087) och icke-signifikant. Vid granskning av enskilda kongengrupper uppvisade endast Tri-BDE ett mönster förenligt med biomagnifiering, särskilt när blåmussla uteslöts från analysen. Övriga kongener, särskilt Penta- och Hexa-BDE, visade inga konsekventa trofiska trender. Tetra-BDE förekom i höga halter men utan tydlig förstärkning uppåt i näringskedjan. Studien visar även att flera värden för Tetra-BDE (BDE-47) överskred gällande EQS, särskilt hos fiskarter som abborre och storspigg. Detta indikerar en fortsatt ekologisk risk trots förbudet mot PBDE:er. Variation i analysmetoder, geografisk spridning och rapportering (t.ex. lipidnormaliserade värden) påverkade datans jämförbarhet och tolkning. Sammantaget bekräftas att biomagnifiering av PBDE:er inte är entydig i Östersjöns näringsväv, men att vissa kongener, särskilt Tri-BDE, kan spridas trofiskt. För framtida riskbedömning rekommenderas kongenspecifik biomonitorering, harmoniserade analysmetoder och åtgärder mot sekundära utsläppskällor. This literature study explores the occurrence and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the Baltic Sea marine food web, with a focus on biomagnification patterns, congener-specific accumulation, and exceedance of environmental quality standards (EQS). The analysis is based on eight peerreviewed studies selected according to criteria of geographic relevance, ecological comparability, and congener-specific reporting. Four trophic levels were defined based on species’ ecological roles, and data were evaluated using regression analysis, ANOVA, and graphical visualization of congener trends. PBDE concentrations generally increased with trophic level, but the overall trend was weak (R² = 0.087) and not statistically significant. Among the individual congener groups, only Tri-BDE showed a pattern consistent with biomagnification, particularly when filter-feeding mussels were excluded. Tetra-, Penta-, and HexaBDE displayed no consistent trophic trends, although Tetra-BDE was found at the highest concentrations. Several measurements of Tetra-BDE (BDE-47) exceeded the EU EQS, especially in fish species such as perch and stickleback, indicating ongoing ecological risks. Methodological differences between studies – including sampling locations, analysis protocols, and lipid normalization – affected data comparability and interpretation. The findings suggest that PBDE biomagnification is not uniform across congener groups in the Baltic Sea, but that specific congeners, especially Tri-BDE, may be transferred trophically. Congener-specific monitoring, harmonized analytical methods, and enhanced control of secondary emission sources are recommended for future environmental assessments.
Translating syntax : Clause building and sentence splitting in the translation of adverbial and postmodifying non-finite clauses
No full textThis thesis examines translation strategies, from English to Swedish, for non-finite adverbial and postmodifying ing- and ed-clauses. It investigates the extent of clause building/reduction and sentence splitting, and differences across the clause types, drawing on translation theories to make meaning of emerging patterns. The material used for the analysis are translations (by the author of the thesis) of two popular science articles retrieved from Scientific American. The results indicate that while there is a tendency to reduce clauses among the postmodifying ed-clauses, a majority of the translation strategies across the other clause categories build clauses, suggesting that Swedish tends towards a more sentential structure. The most frequent translation strategies that build clauses are main and subordinate (relative) clauses while the most frequent translation strategies that reduce clauses are prepositional and noun phrases. Sentence splitting is also a recurrent pattern but is more prevailing across adverbials than postmodifiers; however, all clause types show a preference for sentence splitting over and-coordination. Finally, the results show that building and reducing clauses when translating non-finite structures is an effect of making indeterminate constructions more explicit as well as adapting to the TL writing conventions. Though not exhaustive in its scope, the present study offers guidance to translators in terms of grappling with informationally dense ST, striking a balance between linguistic clarity and norms
Translating thoughts : A functional analysis of metaphor translation strategies in self-help literature
No full textThis study analyses the metaphors in an English-to-Swedish translation of a passage from Clear Thinking (2023) by Shane Parrish. The metaphors are categorized according to the three types presented in Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) conceptual metaphor theory. Of the total 199 metaphors, 101 were identified as ontological metaphors, 51 were structural metaphors, and 48 were orientational metaphors. Through Newmark’s (1981) framework for metaphor translation, a quantitative analysis shows that the most common translation method for all types of metaphor is to reproduce the same image in the target language. For structural and orientational metaphors, this result is especially clear. All types of metaphor also use the method replace with another image, and ontological metaphors use convert into sense to some extent as well. A qualitative analysis of translation examples from each type of metaphor is made from a cognitive and functional approach, where preserving the author’s voice and the purpose and function of the text are in focus. For all metaphor types, textual context and linguistic differences impacted the translation choices. For structural metaphors, coherence, textual equivalence and preserved metaphor images were particularly important factors. Orientational metaphors frequently used universal images but were often not intentional and therefore typically lacked specific functions in the text. Ontological metaphors could often use lexicalized equivalents, but sometimes this would lead to a change of image or a conversion to sense, due to language specific differences. The cognitive and functional approach to translation keeps the target text more coherent and improves equivalence on a textual level by considering what metaphors and metaphorical concepts that are central parts of the text.
Individual Treatment or Structural Change? : A Critical Analysis of Political Solutions to Men's Violence against Women
No full textUsing Carol Bacchi’s method “What’s the problem represented to be?”, this study critically examines political representation of the problem men’s violence against women through the referrals of the Swedish legislative proposal SOU 2018:37, which proposed that voluntarily treatment to perpetrators of partner violence should be included in the Swedish social services responsibility. Through this legislative proposal, men's violence against women is portrayed as a problem that can be resolved through treatment of individual perpetrators, which may disregard larger structural issues such as gender power dynamics, inequalities and patriarchal norms. The study explores the individualistic and structural explanations of the problem and how these are represented in the referrals to SOU 2018:37 by addressing two key questions: How are the policy representations of men’s violence against women reproduced in the referrals? and What is problematized and what is left unproblematized in the referral's representation of men’s violence against women? Our findings suggest that individual treatment is widely supported by the consultative bodies which risk reproducing the image of individual treatment as the solution for men's violence against women. Although there may be violent men who need treatment, we question whether it will end men's violence against women on a structural level. We argue that the political representation of men’s violence against women often minimize the structural aspects of the problem by focusing on individual behavior change. Which also have an impact on the types of actions/interventions implemented to protect women from violence. This study contributes to the critical examination of the current political view and the ongoing debate on the most effective way to combat men’s violence against women
Faktorer som bidrar till arbetsrelaterad stress på en operationsavdelning och dess påverkan på operationssjuksköterskors arbete : En systematisk litteraturöversikt
No full textBakgrund: Operationssjuksköterskor arbetar i en avancerad, teknologisk och komplex vårdmiljö, där patientsäkerhet har högst prioritet. Arbetet kännetecknas stundtals av ett högt tempo, krav på flexibilitet och snabba beslut, vilket kan påverka operationssjuksköterskors förmåga att anpassa sig. Flertalet faktorer kan påverka arbetsförhållanden och bidra till arbetsrelaterad stress, vilket kan påverka patientsäkerheten negativt. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva faktorer som bidrar till arbetsrelaterad stress på en operationsavdelning och dess påverkan på operationssjuksköterskors arbete. Metod: En systematisk litteraturöversikt med utgångpunkt i kvalitativa data, som beskriver operationssjuksköterskors upplevelse utifrån ett induktivt förhållningssätt. Datainsamlingen genomfördes i fyra olika databaser. Elva artiklar granskades, analyserades och inkluderades i studiens resultat. Resultat: Tre teman identifierades; faktorer relaterade till operationsmiljön, vikten av ett fungerande team och stressorer utanför operationsmiljön. Fem subteman identifierades; fysiska och mentala utmaningar, organisatoriska förutsättningar, tekniska och instrumentella utmaningar, samspelet i det sterila fältet samt samspelet i övriga teamet. Resultatet belyste flertalet faktorer som bidrog till arbetsrelaterad stress som påverkade operationssjuksköterskors arbete och patientsäkerheten. Slutsats: Operationssjuksköterskor möter nya utmaningar dagligen. För att främja både operationssjuksköterskans välmående och patientsäkerheten krävs ett stödjande ledarskap, ett öppet klimat på arbetsplatsen samt empati och förståelse inom det perioperativa teamet. Stressfaktorer påverkar bland annat operationssjuksköterskors arbete och patientens säkerhet. Därför bör dessa identifieras för att kunna bidra till en säkrare vård och en mer hållbar arbetsmiljö.