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Portrayals of Legitimacy, Rhetoric, and Security : Trump’s Framing of the 2018-2021 & 2025 National Guard Deployments
No full textChecks and balances are essential to democratic stability, preventing any branch from exceeding its authority; when they fail, executive power becomes vulnerable to partisan abuse. The United States has long symbolized constitutional stability, yet recent developments show that democratic erosion is possible even in well-established democracies. Since taking office in 2025, Donald Trump has tested the limits of presidential authority, including efforts to deploy the National Guard to cities such as Los Angeles, Washington DC, Portland, Chicago, and Memphis. Existing research analyzes Trump through securitization and framing rhetoric but largely ignores how the National Guard itself functioned as a tool of securitization within the Trump administration as a whole. This study explores the pattern of rhetoric surrounding the justification of deployments of the National Guard in Trump’s two presidential terms analyzed through Ole Wæver’s (1995) securitization theory and Robert Entman’s (1993) framing theory. The study finds that while overall deployment levels of the National Guard were consistent with historical precedent, the first Trump administration framed the deployments through highly politicized narratives. The second Trump administration has so far intensified both its rhetoric and its willingness to commandeer the National Guard, including war framed threats to Democratic-led cities. By situating the Trump administration within global context, this thesis offers insight within democratic fragilities with international significance due to the broad impact of US policy.
Fraction without fighting : A systematic literature study of the strenghts and limitations with manipulatives
No full textAbstrakt Bråk är känt för att vara ett av matematikens mest komplexa områden, där elever i olika kunskapsnivåer har svårt för att förstå delar av det hela. Denna systematiska litteraturstudie har därför kartlagt laborativt materials användning i bråkundervisning. Studien grundar sig i 15 vetenskapliga artiklar som noggrant granskats och analyserats för att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka hur laborativt material i bråkundervisningen kan stärka eller begränsa elevers kunskapsutveckling, samt finna olika faktorer som påverkar användandet av laborativt material för elever i årskurs 4-6. Överlag visade resultatet att laborativt material stärker och hjälper eleverna att forma en djupare konkret förståelse för bråk. Resultatet visade även att det kan förekomma missuppfattningar när elever använder cirklar som laborativt material. För att minska missuppfattningar, och för att effekterna av laborativt material ska vara gynsamma bör vissa faktorer tas i beaktning. Faktorer som konstaterats vara viktiga vid användning av laborativt material är tid och lärarens roll i undervisningen.
"Vi måste komma ihåg varför det heter Idrott och hälsa" : En intervjustudie om gymnasielärares tolkningar av hälsa i ämnet Idrott och hälsa
No full textSyftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka hur gymnasielärare i Idrott och hälsa tolkar begreppet hälsa samt hur dessa tolkningar påverkar iscensättningen av undervisningen om hälsa. I studien har en kvalitativ metod använts, genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studien inkluderade fyra deltagare, som alla var legitimerade och verksamma gymnasielärare inom Idrott och hälsa. Via tematisk analys har två teman identifierats, som tillsammans svarar på frågeställningarna hur begreppet hälsa tolkas av gymnasielärare i Idrott och hälsa, samt hur undervisningen om hälsa iscensätts beroende på lärarens tolkning av begreppet. Resultatet visade att lärare tenderar att tolka hälsobegreppet olika, vilket i sin tur skapar skillnader i undervisningen, både kring dess innehåll och utformning. Resultatet analyserades i relation till utbildning som växande samt dess koppling till ett salutogent kontra ett patogent synsätt på hälsa. Vidare diskuteras resultatet i relation till tidigare forskning, som visat att det finns en diskrepans mellan ämnesplanen och den faktiska undervisningen, samt eventuella orsaker till skillnader i tolkningar och iscensättning. Sammantaget indikerade resultaten att lärarens tolkning av hälsobegreppet har en central betydelse för hur hälsa förmedlas i undervisningen, vilket kan bidra till skillnader mellan ämnesplanens skrivningar och den faktiska undervisningen
A self-sustainable service assembly for decentralized computing environments
No full textThe landscape of modern computing systems is shifting towards architectures built by combining available services under the â\u80\u9ceverything as a serviceâ\u80\u9d paradigm. These architectures are deployed on distributed cloud-edge infrastructures, aiming to provide innovative services to a wide range of users. However, it is crucial for these systems to address environmental sustainability concerns. This poses challenges in operating such systems in open, dynamic, and uncertain environments while minimizing their energy consumption. To tackle these challenges, we propose a decentralized service assembly approach that ensures the assembly is energetically self-sustainable by relying on locally harvested and stored energy. In our contribution, we introduce a general service selection template that enables the derivation of different selection policies. These policies guide the construction and maintenance of the service assembly. To evaluate their effectiveness in meeting the sustainability requirements, we conduct a comprehensive set of simulation experiments, providing valuable insights
Gendered alignment and place-making : adolescents shaping social space in stigmatised neighbourhoods
No full textThis article analyses gendered practices and strategies in face of territorial stigmatisation. The empirical data includes interviews with 16 adolescents living in ‘prioritized’ areas in Sweden. Exploring the adolescents’ relationship to their own neighbourhoods as stigmatised spaces, the article demonstrates how the adolescents’ space is constructed through the dynamic interplay between dominant discourses and lived experiences. It further shows how the adolescents themselves, as bodies inhabiting a certain space, are part of creating its social meaning. The article also explores differences in male and female experiences of living in stigmatised spaces, as well as gendered practices of resistance towards stigmatisation. Findings from the interviews show that girls, more than boys, tend to orient themselves away from their own neighbourhoods. The interviews also show how identity and social space co-construct and how the intersections of class, ethnicity, age and gender, affects and are affected by the construction of social space. Concluding discussion focus on how these seemingly gendered practices reconstruct social space which in turn impact on the life the adolescents. The article makes a contribution to social work research and practice by broadening the understanding of the relationship between social space and the individual adolescents inhabiting stigmatised neighbourhoods
Navigating multiple displacements : Encounters and emplacement practices at municipal service centres in marginalised communities in Sweden
No full textThis article contributes to the understanding of how residents and social guides collaboratively navigate multiple forms of displacement within Municipal Service Centres (MSC) situated in marginalised communities in Sweden. Drawing on critical theories of the production space, the paper posits that social work can be understood as an emplacement practice in response to displacement from vital resources such as jobs, housing, and residence permits. The article identifies two pivotal emplacement practices operating at MSCs: reclaiming and enclosing. MSCs are perceived as institutional spaces that provide residents with agential power to navigate challenging realities, conditional welfare systems, and bordering practices. The study draws on nine months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in a specific MSC located in a marginalised community, along with interviews with 23 social guides and 6 managers in four other MSC within similar settings. Employing a relational ethnographic approach, the study observes face-to-face encounters, collaboration, and education between residents and social guides
Aluminoborophosphate glasses and glass-ceramics doped with magnesium oxide : Structural, thermal, in vitro dissolution, and cytotoxicity studies
No full textThis study explores the effects of Mg2+ ion incorporation and nanocrystalline phases formation on the structure and in vitro dissolution behavior of aluminoborophosphate glasses and glass-ceramics. Two series of MgO-doped samples were prepared via melt-quenching, either in water or on a metal plate, yielding amorphous and partially crystalline materials, respectively. Structural and thermal analyses revealed that increasing MgO content enhanced glass transition and crystallization temperatures and promoted nanocrystal formation. In vitro dissolution tests in phosphate-buffered saline showed that the glass-ceramics dissolved up to five times faster than their amorphous counterparts, with calcium phosphate layers, likely apatite-like phases, forming predominantly on high-Mg samples. Cytotoxicity studies using HUVEC cells indicated that the glass samples were non-cytotoxic under all tested conditions, while the glass-ceramics exhibited composition and concentration dependent effects. These findings highlights the potential of Mg2+ doping and partial crystallization to tailor the bioactivity and dissolution behavior of aluminoborophosphate-based materials
Moderaternas liberalkonservativa balansbräda : En ideologianalys av Moderaternas ideologiska utveckling 1984–2022
No full textThe Swedish Moderate party has openly referred to themselves as a liberal-conservative party. This definition, however, leads to a possible ambiguity where the extent to which the party is conservative, and liberal is up for debate. Furthermore, this might allow for extensive changes within the party, while still using the same ideological mantra. This study employs a longitudinal ideological analysis of five official party documents published between 1984 and 2022 to analyse how the party has drifted between the two ideologies over the years. The analysis is done using three political areas: immigration, economy, and safety. This is done using a diagram tracking the party’s reality image–utopia–strategy according to ideal types of liberalism and conservatism. The findings of the study show that the party in general has drifted towards a more conservative ideology in later years, while 2007 represented the most liberal time. The change has not, however been uniform through all political areas, where the area of immigration excels as the area of most drastic changes. Second comes the area of safety, and third, with the least political change, is economy. This study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of how ideological changes exist within the same liberal-conservative framework, and how that can change over time.
Återfall i brott som ett problem på politisk och institutionell nivå. : En kvalitativ undersökning av sambandet mellan straff och rehabilitering inom svensk kriminalvård.
No full textThis study looks at how probation, client experiences, and criminal policy decisions affect recidivism in Sweden. Gaining a thorough grasp of how social, organizational, and political issues interact and impact the chances of rehabilitation and reintegration is the goal. Three research questions are addressed in the study: First, what are the causes of recidivism? Second, how is probation perceived by staff and clients in terms of control and support? Thirdly, what effects do political decisions have on probation services' operations and clients' chances for recovery? A qualitative study was conducted with semi-structured interviews with twelve respondents, eight probation clients, three probation officers and one parliamentary politician. There were six themes that discussed the issue of recidivism from different perspectives, the collected data was analyzed through thematic content analysis. When examining how clients' experiences, political priorities and structural conditions affect the risk of recidivism, theoretical starting points such as Michael Lipsky's street-level bureaucracy, Kingdon's policy process theory and legitimacy theory are used. The results show that recidivism is not only associated with client responsibility, but is also influenced by social networks, organizational constraints, insufficient opportunities to establish themselves in the labor market, and political priorities. Due to resource constraints and high workloads, probation staff often have to prioritize control over rehabilitation, which reduces clients' motivation and confidence. This dynamic is reinforced by political decisions regarding harsher sentences and limited resources, while clients require more personal support to readapt. The study improves understanding of the relapse problem and emphasizes how resources, individual support, and evidence based policy decisions are required to improve rehabilitation and reduce relapse.
The US Strategic Interest in Greenland : A Theory-Testing Case Study
No full textHow can the theoretical models of realism, liberal institutionalism and social constructivism explain the driving forces behind the United States strategic interest in Greenland? Previous research has primarily examined tensions between the United States and Greenland in terms of security policies, geopolitics, and in what ways larger states treat Greenland. Therefore, this paper aims to explain the driving forces behind U.S. actions through established theories such as realism, liberal institutionalism, and social constructivism. Based on a theory-testing design, the study uses the process tracing method to identify the causal mechanisms shaping United States behavior. The findings reveal three different theoretical explanations. Broadly speaking, the security-driven and great power rivalry ideas of realism are dominant in the case, followed by an identity-based social constructivist driving force, along with a weakly collaborative explanation by liberal institutionalism. Altogether, realism appears to receive the most empirical support in the case, followed by social constructivism that gives a valuable complementary approach, while liberal institutionalism provides inadequate explanatory ability. This study contributes to the field by applying a refined theory-testing design using a unique process tracing methodological framework. To continue this research, future studies could apply additional theoretical lenses to generate further insights into the case.