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Teacher’s Target-Language Use in German asa Foreign Language Classrooms : A Study Based on Classroom Observations and Teacher Interviews
No full textThe Swedish curriculum for foreign languages emphasizes that instruction should beconducted primarily in the target language. Research on language learning likewisehighlights the importance of extensive input for the development of target languageproficiency. Nevertheless, previous studies indicate that teachers often use the targetlanguage only to a limited extent in classroom practice, and that the definition of authenticlanguage input lacks a clear definition.The aim of this study was to investigate which communication strategies German teachersemploy when interacting with their students and how these strategies support effective andcomprehensible target language communication, using data collected through classroomobservations and teacher interviews. The interviews further explored how teachers define,understand, and implement authentic language in their teaching.The results show that the teachers employed several strategies to facilitate communication,including the use of adapted language through simplification, reduced speech rate, andrepetition. In addition, visual support such as body language, presentations, and imageswas used to provide learners with multiple sources of input. Unlike previous studies, thisstudy identified peer-provided translation as a strategy, with teachers relying on otherstudents rather than switching to the first language themselves. The interviews showed that,despite emphasizing the importance of authentic language exposure, teachers prioritizedcomprehension and learner motivation by using adapted target-language
Uppslutning runt flaggan eller rationell utvärdering? : En studie av regeringstillit i Sverige under hälso- och säkerhetskris
No full textGovernmental trust, understood as citizens' evaluative relationship with the government, is a well-studied topic in the field of political science. Citizens base their trust on assessments of institutional performance, but how does this kind of trust get affected during crises? Sweden, a country with a high baseline trust, has recently experienced two very different kinds of crises: the COVID-19 pandemic and, later, a security crisis following the nearby war between Russia and Ukraine. This study examines how governmental trust has been affected during these crises through the lens of two competing perspectives: the more conventional institutional performance-evaluation approach and the “rally round the flag”, which predicts an increase in trust as a response to crisis. By using data from the European Social Survey, this study analyzes both changes in trust and factors driving these changes. The results indicate that the decline in trust during the pandemic is explained by changes in individuals' evaluations of the economy, health services, and the functioning of democracy, whereas only economic evaluations explain a decline in governmental trust during the security crisis. No apparent “rally round the flag” effect is found in either crisis
Erdoğan’s Türkiye : A descriptive idea analysis of the classification of the Turkish regime under Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s leadership based on Daniel Silander’s regime ideal types and four dimensions
No full textWhen the Swedish foreign minister stated that Türkiye is a clear democracy with a democratic elected government, the debate concerning the classification of the Turkish regime was revived. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to classify the Turkish regime during each of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s period of leadership as prime minster and president, by applying Daniel Silander’s theoretical framework of regime ideal types. Further, will each time period be analyzed through Silander’s four dimensions, ideology, leadership, political parties and civil society, to enable a regime classification where a comparison of the development of the dimensions between the time periods also will be carried out. The research questions are methodological answered through a qualitive case study within-case comparations, employing a descriptive idea analysis. The result indicates that the regime during Erdoğan’s prime ministership can be classified as a hybrid regime with features of the authoritarian regime. In contrast, the presidential period can be classified as a partially hybrid regime with elements of both totalitarian and authoritarian regimes. The dimension ideology has moved from the hybrid regimes element to tendencies within the ideal type of totalitarian regime. Moreover, the leadership dimension has evolved from the characteristics of the authoritarian regime to the hybrid regimes element, whereas the dimensions of political parties during the two time periods is status quo retaining traits of the hybrid regime. Finally, the dimension of civil society has developed from the elements of the hybrid regime to features of the authoritarian regime
Framing of Israel's Warfare 2023-2025 : A Framing analysis of Haaretz, Al Jazeera, and The New York Times
No full textThis Thesis uses a framing analysis and Entmans Framing Theory in order to analyse 27 articles in total from Haaretz, Al Jazeera and The New York Times to answer the following research questions: How has Israel’s warfare in Gaza been portrayed by Haaretz, Al Jazeera and The New York Times from October 2023 to October 2025? And Has the portrayal changed of Israel’s warfare changed during the last few years in Haaretz, Al Jazeera and The New York Times? The Result shows that both Haaretz and The New York Times favours the Israeli perspective in their coverage of the conflict, while Al Jazeera favours the Palestinian perspective. Although, the analysis shows no significant change in respective news media's portrayal of the conflict during the time period October 2023 to October 2024
The holocaust in the swedish school system
No full textThe goal for this research was to examine how the holocaust is presented in the higher secondary school compared to the lower secondary school. This was conducted by looking in to textbooks and curriculums for both levels. This study used a comparative text analysis to compare both school levels by looking at factors and recommendations from former research and IHRA. The result showed a small to no difference in the textbooks content and no progression between the curriculums.
"It is not dangerous to step outside gender stereotypical norms" : A study about preschool teachers' reasoning about and work with gender stereotypes
No full textSyftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka hur förskollärare resonerar om könsstereotyper i förskolans verksamhet samt hur de beskriver sitt pedagogiska arbete med att motverka könsstereotypiska normer. Vidare syftar studien till att bidra med kunskap om hur förskollärares resonemang om könsstereotyper kan relateras till förskolans uppdrag om jämställdhet. Värdegrundsarbete, olika arbetssätt och hur barnen blir bemötta har en betydande roll i hur och varför könsstereotyper utvecklas eller kvarstår hos barnen. Studien baseras på åtta personliga semistrukturerade intervjuer med förskollärare. Deltagarna fick utifrån en situation och öppna frågor delge sina åsikter och erfarenheter angående sitt arbete med könsstereotyper. Det insamlade empiriska materialet har transkriberats och därefter formulerades teman utifrån en tematisk metod. Studien utgår teoretiskt ifrån genusteori, queerteori och Hirdmans genussystem. Resultatet visar att bemötandet gentemot barn ska präglas av ett perspektiv där barn är barn enligt förskollärarnas utsagor. Bemötandet ska inte påverkas av barnets kön. Resultat visar även att det inte ska finnas en underförstådd förväntan på barnen utifrån deras kön i bemötandet av förskollärare. Likväl visar resultatet att ett värdegrundsarbete för att motverka könsstereotyper inte sker aktivt. Värdegrundsarbetet förekommer främst när barnen är i femårsåldern eftersom det inte finns behov att utföra ett sådant arbete när barnen är yngre. Resultatet visar även att vårdnadshavare, tid och utrymme och kollegor framförs som hinder och utmaningar i arbetet för att motverka könsstereotyper. Ytterligare ett resultat visar att samhället har påverkat synen på könsnormer och könsstereotyper till det bättre och därmed inte upplevs som ett hinder. Slutligen visar resultat att litteratur, variation av material och lärmiljöernas ytor är väsentligt för arbetet med könsstereotyper i förskolan. The purpose of this study is to contribute with insight into how preschool teachers resonate and work with gender stereotypes to highlight how they can vary. Value-based work, different workstyles and interactions towards children have an important role in the forming and keeping of gender roles of children. The study is based on eight personal semi-structured interviews with preschool teachers. The participants got the opportunity to share their experiences and opinions, based upon their work with gender stereotypes, by being exposed to a pre-established situation and open questions. The empirical material was transcribed and sorted into different themes based on a thematic method. The theoretical basis in this study is gender theory, queer theory and Hirdman’s gender system. The result shows that the approach towards children should inherit the perspective of children as children according to the preschool teachers' reasoning. Therefore, the approach should not be affected by the child’s gender. The result also shows that there should not be a predetermined expectation of the child’s gender from the preschool teacher. The result also shows that value-based work regarding to prevent gender stereotypes is not common except in the department with children around the age of five. It is not as common in the department with younger children as there is a belief that there is no need to work with gender stereotypes at that age. The results shows that caregivers, time and resources, and colleagues seem to be a hinderance for their value-based work. However, society seems to have affected the view on gender norms and gender stereotypes for the better and therefore not seen as a hinderance in the value-based work. Lastly, the result shows that literature, variation of material and learning environment are essential in this type of work.
The Unexpected Transition: Understanding Syria's Leadership Change in 2024/2025 : A Qualitative Research Study on the Internal, External and Economic Factors That Made Syria’s Leadership Transition Possible
No full textThis study examines the factors that contributed to the collapse of the Assad regime in Syria in 2024/2025. Using the theory of authoritarian resilience, the research focuses on internal, external and economic mechanisms that support regime survival including elite cohesion, coercion, legitimacy, external support and economic developments. The study employs a qualitative case study design and process tracing to analyze how these mechanisms interacted over time leading to regime collapse. Findings show that the regime's fragmentation of elites, declining legitimacy, loss of external support from Russia and Iran and economic collapse all created a combination of vulnerabilities that made rapid regime change possible. The Syrian case demonstrates that authoritarian resilience depends on the simultaneous functioning of multiple mechanisms and that the failure of one factor can be mitigated only temporarily if others remain strong. However, when all mechanisms weaken together, even long-standing regimes can fall quickly. Overall, this study has shown that the survival of authoritarian regimes is never guaranteed as it depends on the continuous functioning of multiple interdependent mechanisms.
The Women of MAGA : Strategies in a Male-Dominated Culture
No full text This study examines how gender shapes communication strategies within the MAGA movement, with a particular focus on female political actors. While the movement has traditionally been dominated by men, this study explores how women navigate a political and digital environment structured by masculinized norms of authority, legitimacy, and confrontation. Drawing on gender theory and prior research, the study investigates how female MAGA actors position themselves within a communication culture where legitimacy must be continuously negotiated. Using a sequential mixed methods design, the study analyzes social media posts from prominent MAGA profiles to identify gendered patterns in communication. The findings indicate that female actors frequently mobilize strategically feminized expressions, such as references to family values, morality, and relationality, to enhance legitimacy and increase perceived likeability while remaining active participants in conflict-oriented discourse. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how women exercise political agency within right-wing populist and male-dominated digital communication environments
From Unipolarity to Multipolarity : The Al-Aqsa Flood and the Acceleration of Structural Changein International Politics
No full textThis thesis examines how the Al-Aqsa Flood Operation (October 2023)accelerated an already precarious shift from U.S.-led unipolarity to adisputed multipolar order. Based on a comprehensive model of StructuralRealism, Constructivism, Complex Interdependence and Power TransitionTheory, it studies a time horizon of 23 points through to January 2026. Theconflict became a systemic catalyst: It underscored the decline of hegemonictools used to manage power, military strength, political dominance,diplomatic power and legal choices and allowed alternate actors to exercisebargaining power. Key indicators include the failure of overwhelming forceto meet political aims in Gaza; successful legal challenges at the ICJ/ICC;overwhelming UN support for Palestinian statehood; and a tangibleconsequence of transnational movements such as BDS. Findings confirm thatthe operation intensified long-standing multipolar trends, visibly erodingWestern normative hegemony and empowering a coordinated coalition ofuncooperative Global South states and non-state networks. Their conclusionsare that such inflection points serve to remind the world of the fact thatcontemporary power transitions bring about simultaneous relocations ofmaterial, normative and institutional authority. This poses deep difficultiesfor global governance and conflict resolution in a time of strategicuncertainty and institutional fragmentation.Events continue to escalate in rapid succession</p
När hjärtat säger ifrån : En litteraturöversikt över kvinnors upplevelser av hjärtinfarkt
No full textBakgrund: Hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar är idag den vanligaste dödsorsaken globalt. Kvinnor uppvisar vid flera tillfällen symtom som skiljer sig från den typiska bilden och jämfört med män tenderar kvinnor att vänta längre i beslutet att söka vård. Fördröjning i diagnos och behandling bland kvinnor förekommer till följd av att symtom förbises. Det behövs därför kunskap om svårigheter kvinnor upplever vid hjärtinfarkt för att inte äventyra kvinnornas hälsa och livskvalitet. Syftet var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser vid en hjärtinfarkt utifrån frågeställningarna; Vilka symtom har kvinnor och hur upplevs symtomen? Vilka upplevda orsaker påverkar beslutet att söka vård? Metod: Studien är en litteraturöversikt bestående av tio kvalitativa vetenskapliga originalartiklar. En induktiv ansats har tillämpats och analysen har utförts i enlighet med Fribergs femstegsmodell. Resultatet visar att symtombilden skiljer sig mellan olika personer där det kan ha olika uttryck. Symtomens uttryck och debut har stor inverkan på hur allvarligt situationen uppfattas. Upplevda orsaker som påverkar beslutet att söka vård är även okunskap, förnekelse, kvinnors ansvar över familj och hem samt påverkan från närstående och hälso- och sjukvården. Intensiva symtom med snabb debut ger ofta en insikt om sjukdomstillståndet där en rädsla för att dö påskyndar vårdsökandet. Slutsats: Studien visade att symtomen ofta är svåra att identifiera och förknippa med hjärtat. Studien bidrar med ökad förståelse för hur kvinnor tolkar sina symtom och resonerar kring att söka hälso-och sjukvård. Genom ökad förståelse för kvinnors upplevelser kan sjuksköterskor bidra med bästa möjliga vård, optimera utfallet av sjukdomen och främja välbefinnande