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Removal of antiviral favipiravir from wastewater using biochar produced from hazelnut shells
No full textIncreasing drug pollution represents a substantial risk to the safeguarding of water resources. Favipiravir, a commonly used antiviral medication, is one of the pharmaceutical residues found in wastewater and poses a threat to the ecosystem. Favipiravir is classified as Category 2 for germ cell mutagenicity and reproductive toxicity and is a drug suspected of leading to genetic abnormalities and adverse effects on the developing fetus. In this study, hazelnut shell-derived activated carbon was utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of favipiravir from aqueous solutions. First, the produced activated carbon was characterized through various analyses. Then, during the adsorption process, key parameters such as initial favipiravir concentration, adsorbent dosage, solution pH, contact time, and temperature were optimized. The process was analyzed based on equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Optimum conditions (30 mu g/mL initial concentration, 15 mg adsorbent dose, 90 min contact time, pH 2) were determined, and the highest adsorption efficiency of 94.60% was obtained under these conditions. The adsorption mechanism was most accurately by the pseudo-second-order rate model (R-2: 0.9998) and the Langmuir adsorption model (R 2: 0.9942). Moreover, thermodynamic studies have shown that the mechanism is spontaneous since the free energy change (Delta G < 0), exothermic since the enthalpy change (Delta H < 0), and the entropy change (Delta S < 0) reduce the disorder in the system. This study emphasizes the adsorbent's potential as a green and economical treatment solution
T examination of problems posted by secondary school 7th grade students about rational numbers in the context of mathematization
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul 7. Sınıf öğrencilerinin rasyonel sayılar konusunda kurdukları problemlerin matematikleştirme bağlamında değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmada 50 yedinci sınıf öğrencisi katılımcı olarak yer almıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak 15 sorudan oluşan Problem Kurma Testi uygulanmıştır. Bu testten elde edilen veriler Gerçekçi matematik eğitimi bağlamında matematikleştirmeye göre incelenmiştir. Temel nitel araştırma ile problem kurma sürecinde ortaya çıkan matematikleştirme süreçleri belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilere uygulanan problem kurma testinden elde edilen veriler iki aşamalı olarak analizleri yapılmıştır. Öncelikli olarak öğrencilerin problem kurma becerileri analiz edilmiş ve oluşturulan problemler sınıflandırılmıştır. İkinci aşama olarak kurulmuş olan çözülebilir problemlerin matematikleştirme düzeyleri oluşturulan rubriğe göre analiz edilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın sonucunda öğrencilerin problem kurma becerilerinde başarılı olsalar da kurdukları problemlerin basit düzeyde oluşturmuş oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca çözülebilir problemlerde matematikleştirme düzeylerini rubrikte belirtilen kategorilere göre değerlendirildiğinde, serbest problem durumlarında gerçekçi bağlam, matematiksel işlemler ve muhakeme-ifade etme düzeylerinde iyi düzeyde olduğu buna karşın temsiller ve esneklik-yaratıcılık düzeylerinin düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Yarı yapılandırılmış problem durumlarında ise gerçekçi bağlam oluşturmada, matematiksel işlemler ve muhakeme-ifade etme düzeylerinin iyi düzeyde olduğu buna karşın temsiller ii ve esneklik yaratıcılık kategorilerinde ise orta düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Yapılandırılmış problem durumlarında ise sadece matematiksel işlemler kategorisinde iyi düzeyde iken gerçekçi bağlam, temsiller ve muhakeme-ifade etme kategorilerinde orta düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the problems posed by 7th grade middle school students on the subject of rational numbers in the context of mathematization. The application was carried out with 50 students studying in a middle school located in Afyonkarahisar. In the study, a Problem Posing Test consisting of 15 questions, expert opinions of which were obtained, was applied. The data obtained from this test were examined according to the theme of mathematization. The mathematization processes that emerged during the problem posing process were determined using qualitative analysis methods. The data obtained from the problem-posing test administered to students were analyzed in two stages. In the first stage, the students' problem-posing skills were analyzed, and the problems they created were classified accordingly. In the second stage, the mathematization levels of the solvable problems were analyzed based on the rubric developed for this purpose. The results of the study revealed that although the students were generally successful in problem posing, the problems they constructed were mostly at a basic level. Furthermore, when the mathematization levels of the solvable problems were evaluated according to the categories specified in the rubric, it was found that in free problem situations, students performed well in realistic context, mathematical operations, and reasoning-communication levels, whereas their iv performance was low in the representation and flexibility-creativity levels. In semistructured problem situations, students demonstrated good performance in realistic context, mathematical operations, and reasoning-communication levels, while their performance was moderate in representation and flexibility-creativity categories. In structured problem situations, students showed good performance only in the mathematical operations category, whereas their performance in realistic context, representation, and reasoning-communication categories was at a moderate level
The Acute Effects of Different Rest Intervals on 20-Meter Sprint Performance After Sled Push Training
No full textThis study examined the effects of varying rest periods on 20 m sprint performance following a single sled push with 50% of body weight (BW). Eighteen male participants from Istanbul Gelisim University voluntarily took part. On the first day, participants performed an 18 m sled push with 50% BW, followed by 10 and 20 m sprints conducted randomly after 15 seconds, 1-minute, and 3-minute recovery times. On the second day, participants performed three sprints at the start, followed by sled pushing and recovery periods of 5, 7, and 9 minutes in random order, after which 10 and 20 m sprint times were measured. The analysis revealed a significant decline in 20 m sprint performance after 15 seconds of rest compared to baseline (p < 0.001, ?² = 0.317). However, performance improved significantly with 3 minutes of rest, returning to levels close to baseline (p > 0.05). The results indicated that a single sled push with 50% BW did not acutely enhance sprint performance via the post-activation potentiation (PAP) effect. Furthermore, it was observed that the 18 m sled push exercise had no detrimental impact on 20 m sprint performance after recovery periods of 3, 5, 7, or 9 minutes. In conclusion, coaches can incorporate a 3-minute recovery period following sled pushing with 50% BW as part of a complex training method, ensuring sufficient recovery for subsequent sprint exercises
Examining Teachers' Awareness of Child Abuse and Neglect
No full textThe aim of this research was to reveal the level of awareness of teachers regarding child abuse and neglect and understand the reasons of their awareness levels. To achieve this purpose, this research was designed in mixed methodology. The sample of the quantitative part of the study was 206 teachers working in schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education of Turkey determined by the snowball sampling method, and 9 teachers for the qualitative part of the study. The Scale of Diagnosing the Signs and Risks of Child Abuse and Neglect developed by Uysal (1998), and semi-structured interview form were used as data collection tools. According to the findings, teachers' awareness levels of child abuse and neglect were medium or low. The reasons of this level stem from teachers themselves or schools' features. And according to some teachers, their awareness was not low, there are some reasons preventing them to report the cases
The effect of mathematics teaching supported by traditional children's games on sixth grade students' attitudes towards mathematics and mathematics anxiety
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı geleneksel çocuk oyunları ile desteklenen matematik öğretiminin altıncı sınıf öğrencilerinin matematiğe yönelik tutumlarına ve matematik kaygılarına etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma desenlerinden öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu yarı-deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışma 2024-2025 Eğitim-Öğretim yılının güz yarıyılında Afyonkarahisar ili İhsaniye ilçesinde bulunan iki farklı devlet okulunda öğrenim gören toplam 32 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deney ve kontrol gruplarında 16'şar öğrenci bulunmaktadır. Altıncı sınıf öğrencilerine kesirler ünitesi geleneksel çocuk oyunları destekli öğretilmiş ve öğrencilerin matematiğe yönelik tutumları ile matematik kaygılarındaki değişim incelenmiştir. Araştırmada nicel veriler Matematiğe Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği ve Matematik Kaygı Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Nitel veriler ise deney grubunda yer alan öğrencilerin tuttukları matematik günlükleri ve öğrencilerle yapılan yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler neticesinde elde edilmiştir. Deney grubundaki öğrencilere ilgili ünite konuları geleneksel çocuk oyunları destekli anlatılırken kontrol grubundaki öğrencilere mevcut programa göre anlatılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda deney grubu öğrencilerinin matematik dersi tutum ölçeği puanları kontrol grubu öğrencilerinin puanlarına göre daha fazla artış göstermiş fakat bu artış istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Aynı şekilde öğrencilerin matematik kaygı puanları da daha fazla azalış göstermesine rağmen bu azalış istatistiksel olarak anlamlı çıkmamıştır. Diğer taraftan deney grubu öğrencilerinin öntest ve sontest puanları karşılaştırıldığında matematik kaygı puanları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık göstermezken, matematiğe yönelik tutum puanlarının sontest lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığı bulunmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra öğrenciler geleneksel çocuk oyunları destekli matematik öğretiminin kalıcı öğrenme sağladığını, matematiği anlamaya başladıklarını, derse katılımı artırdığını, eğlenerek öğrenme sağladığını, konuyu daha iyi anlamayı sağladığını, tahtaya çıkma ve matematik korkularını azalttığını dile getirmişlerdir. Matematik dersinin diğer konuları öğretilirken de geleneksel çocuk oyunlarına yer verilmesi önerilebilir.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of mathematics teaching supported by traditional children's games on sixth grade students' attitudes towards mathematics and mathematics anxiety. In the study, a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group, one of the quantitative research designs, was used. In line with this purpose, the study was conducted in the fall semester of the 2024-2025 academic year with a total of 32 students studying in two different public schools in İhsaniye district of Afyonkarahisar province. There were 16 students each in the experimental and control groups. The fractions unit was taught to sixth grade students with the support of traditional children's games and the changes in students' attitudes towards mathematics and mathematics anxiety were investigated. In the study, quantitative data were collected with the Attitude towards Mathematics Scale and Mathematics Anxiety Scale. Qualitative data were obtained from the math diaries kept by the students in the experimental group and semi-structured interviews with the students. While the students in the experimental group were taught the relevant unit topics with the support of traditional children's games, the students in the control group were taught according to the current program. As a result of the study, the mathematics course attitude scale scores of the experimental group students increased more than the scores of the control group students, but this increase was not found to be statistically significant. Similarly, although students' math anxiety scores decreased more, this decrease was not statistically significant. On the other hand, when the pretest and posttest scores of the experimental group students were compared, it was found that while the math anxiety scores did not show a statistically significant difference, the attitude scores towards mathematics differed statistically significantly in favor of the posttest. In addition, students stated that mathematics teaching supported by traditional children's games provided permanent learning, they started to understand mathematics, increased participation in the lesson, provided learning by having fun, provided a better understanding of the subject, and reduced their fear of going to the blackboard and mathematics. It may be recommended to include traditional children's games when teaching other subjects in mathematics
Karbon fiber polimer takviyeli betonarme kirişlerin yapısal ağırlık minimizasyonu için popülasyon tabanlı metasezgisel algoritmaların karşılaştırılması
No full textIn order to generate the best namely most appropriate design, different methodologies can be preferred. In nowadays, especially, metaheuristic algorithms, which have been proposed by inspiring various metaphors such as genetic, abilities of animals or natural behaviors of plants etc., can be useful, suitable and effective to provide the target results for any optimization problem. For this reason, in the current study, to design the most appropriate structural model intended for reinforced concrete (RC) beam structures supported with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), two different population-based metaheuristic methodologies as flower pollination algorithm (FPA), and a classical one as particle swarm optimization (PSO) were operated. By this respect, several independent optimization cases were applied to compare the success and efficiency of algorithms in terms of minimization of total weight besides optimization of design parameters as number and width of CFRP plates. According to results, it can be said that FPA is the most powerful algorithm for determining the best parameters of structural models with the aim of providing minimum weight by considering the error metrics of objective function, and the lowness of weight values.En iyi diğer bir deyişle en uygun tasarımı oluşturmak için farklı metodolojiler tercih edilebilmektedir. Günümüzde ise özellikle genetik, canlıların yetenekleri veya bitkilerin doğal yaşamdaki davranışları gibi çeşitli metaforlardan ilham alınarak geliştirilmiş olan metasezgisel algoritmalar herhangi bir optimizasyon problemi için hedef sonuçları sağlamak açısından kullanışlı, uygun ve etkili olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle mevcut çalışmada karbon fiber polimer takviye ile desteklenen betonarme kiriş yapıları için en uygun yapısal modelin tasarlanmasında çiçek tozlaşma algoritması ve klasik bir metod olan parçacık sürüsü optimizasyonu olarak iki farklı popülasyon tabanlı metasezgisel algoritma kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda CFRP plakaların genişliği ve sayısı olarak tanımlanan tasarım parametrelerinin optimizsyonunun yanısıra algoritmaların başarısı ve etkinliğini toplam ağırlığın minimize edilmesi açısından kıyaslamak için çeşitli bağımsız optimizasyon senaryoları uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre ağırlık değerlerinin düşüklüğü ve amaç fonksiyonu için hata metrikleri dikkate alınarak minimum ağırlığın sağlanması doğrultusunda yapısal modellerin en iyi parametrelerini belirlemek için FPA’ nın en güçlü algoritma olduğu söylenebili
Performance analysis of the most downloaded Turkish and English language models on the Hugging-Face platform
Full text linkThis study analyzes the performance of the most popularly downloaded language models on the Hugging Face platform. For this purpose, the five most downloaded language models in Turkish and English were used. The analysis was evaluated in three phases. These stages were contextual learning, question and answer, and expert evaluation. ARC, Turkish sentiment analysis, Hellaswag, and MMLU datasets were used for contextual learning. For the question-and-answer test, the models trained with the text file created were asked questions from the text. Finally, six experts evaluated the answers given by the models from the developed mobile application. F1 score was used for context evaluation, Rouge-1, Rouge-2, and Rouge-L metrics were used for question and answer, and Elo and TrueSkill metrics were used for expert evaluations. The correlations of these metrics were calculated, and it was seen that there was a correlation of 0.74 between expert evaluations and question-answer performances. It was also observed that learning in context and question-answering performances were not correlated. When the language models were evaluated in general, the timpal0l/mdeberta-v3-base-squad2 language model performed the best. Turkish and English language models performed best on the sentiment analysis dataset with an F1 score above 0.85
Estimation of wastewater amount with ARIMA and artificial neural networks
No full textAtık su akış tahmini, atık su arıtma tesislerinin doğru ve etkin bir şekilde yönetimi için anahtar rol oynamaktadır. Kontrolsüz şehirleşme, nüfus artışları, iklim değişikliğinden kaynaklı aşırı yağışlar ve altyapı yetersizlikleri gibi nedenlerden kaynaklanan tutarsız veri ve belirsizlikler atık su akış tahminini güçleştirmektedir. Bu kapsamda uzun vadeli eğilimleri kapsayacak etkili tahmin modellerinin kullanılması ihtiyacı belirgin hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada Samsun’un Doğu İleri Biyolojik Atık Su Arıtma Tesisi için atık su akış miktarının bir zaman serisi analiz modeli olan ARIMA ve yapay sinir ağları ile tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bir yıllık süreye karşılık gelen günlük akış miktarı verileri kullanılan çalışmada modellerin performansları RMSE, MAE ve MAPE değerleri açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. ARIMA (2, 1, 2) modeli daha yüksek doğrulukta performans göstermiştir.Wastewater flow estimation plays a key role for the accurate and efficient management of wastewater treatment plants. Inconsistent data and uncertainties arising from uncontrolled urbanization, population increases, excessive rainfall due to climate change and infrastructure deficiencies make wastewater flow forecasting difficult. In this context, the need to use effective forecasting models that will cover long-term trends has become evident. In this study, it is aimed to estimate the amount of wastewater flow for Samsun's East Advanced Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant with ARIMA, a time series analysis model, and artificial neural networks. Daily flow rate data corresponding to a period of one year were used and the performances of the models were compared in terms of RMSE, MAE and MAPE values. ARIMA (2, 1, 2) model showed higher accuracy
Effects of kinesio taping applied over the biceps muscle on muscle activity and muscle fatigue
No full textBackground Kinesio taping (KT) is commonly used to support muscle function, enhance performance, and reduce fatigue in both athletic and clinical settings. Understanding its effects on agonist and antagonist muscle groups during resistance exercises is essential for optimizing training and rehabilitation strategies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of kinesiotaping (KT) applied to the biceps brachii on the activation and fatigue of the biceps brachii (BB) and triceps brachii (TB) muscles during bicipital curl exercise. Methods A total of 40 participants (10 female athletes, 10 male athletes, 10 sedentary females, and 10 sedentary males), aged 18-24 years, were included in the study. The participants performed isotonic muscle activation and isometric fatigue protocols targeting the BB (agonist) and TB (antagonist) muscles during the bicipital curl movement following KT application. Surface EMG signals were collected via wireless Ag/AgCl electrodes and a Noraxon system. Results A statistically significant difference was observed in the pre- and posttest values of the BB muscle during the bicep curl exercise (p < 0.05). Additionally, analysis of median frequency (MF) values revealed no overall pre-post differences. However, a significant posttest between-group difference was observed in the BB muscle, with athletes showing lower MF values than sedentary participants, indicating relatively greater fatigue in athletes. Conclusions The 48-hour application of Kinesio tape led to increased electrical activation of the agonist muscle (BB), and sedentary individuals demonstrated higher MF values compared to athletes, indicating relatively lower fatigue levels after taping. These findings suggest that short-term KT may alter neuromuscular function by modulating muscle activation and fatigue patterns. Furthermore, the results highlight the differential impact of KT depending on training status, suggesting that while KT may facilitate performance in trained individuals, it could accelerate fatigue in untrained individuals. Future research should explore optimal taping duration, tension, and placement strategies to tailor KT interventions for specific functional goals
Evaluation of mutagenicity of Torpedo EC pesticide by Ames Salmonella/microsome method
No full textBu çalışmada avermektin grubu bir pestisit olan abamektinin
ticari formu Torpedo EC’nin Ames/Salmonella mikrozom testi ile
mutajenitesinin değerlendirilmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Test
Salmonella typhimurium’a ait TA98 ve TA100 suşlarında S9
fraksiyonu varlığında ve yokluğunda iki aşamalı olarak
yapılmıştır. Uygulanacak dozların belirlenmesi için test
maddesinin sitotoksik dozları belirlenmiş ve deney için sitotoksik
olmayan 6 farklı test dozu (1000, 800, 400, 200, 100, 50 μg/plak)
üç tekrarlı olarak çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler Dunnett-t testi
kullanılarak istatistiksel açıdan değerlendirmeye alınmış ve
negatif kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırılarak mutajenik aktivite
değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucuna göre, Torpedo
EC’nin 1000 μg/plak dozu hem S9 fraksiyonu varlığı hem de
yokluğunda TA98 ve TA100 suşları üzerinde muatjenik aktivite
gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.In this study, the mutagenicity of Torpedo EC, a commercial
form of abamectin, a pesticide from the Avermectin group, was
evaluated using the Ames/Salmonella microsome test. The test
was performed in two stages on TA98 and TA100 strains of
Salmonella typhimurium in the presence and absence of S9
fraction. In order to determine the doses to be applied, cytotoxic
doses of the test substance were determined and 6 different
non-cytotoxic test doses (1000, 800, 400, 200, 100, 50 μg/plate)
were studied in triplicate. The obtained data were statistically
evaluated using the Dunnett-t test and mutagenic activity was
evaluated by comparing with the negative control group.
According to the study results, it was determined that Torpedo
EC at a dose of 1000 μg/plate showed mutagenic activity on
TA98 and TA100 strains both in the presence and absence of S9
fraction