University of Konstanz
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Determiner sharing in German by clausal ellipsis and split topicalization
No full textIn determiner sharing, a quantifier may be omitted from a coordination in the context of another ellipsis. This paper proposes a novel analysis on the basis of new German data: determiner sharing arises from the interaction of clausal ellipsis and split topicalization. I show that the apparent parasitism of determiner sharing can be derived without any further assumptions. The success of this analysis supports Move-and-Delete approaches to ellipsis.publishe
Photon upconversion sensitized by earth-abundant transition metal complexes
No full textSensitized triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (sTTA-UC) converts two lower-energy absorbed photons into one emitting photon of higher-energy, and has become a popular approach for a wide
range of applications. Current photosensitizers rely mostly on transition metal complexes made of expensive platinum group elements, such as palladium, platinum, and osmium, due to their strong absorption in the visible range, unity intersystem crossing, and long-lived triplet excited lifetimes. In recent years, fundamental breakthroughs have been made with photoactive complexes based on earth-abundant 3d metals including chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, and zinc, and 4d elements like zirconium and molybdenum. These novel complexes offer advantages, such as cost effectiveness, sustainability, low toxicity, scalability for industrial use, and potential for innovativeresearch in areas including catalysis and energy conversion, making them promising alternatives to noble metal-based photosensitizers in sTTA-UC and other fields. In this review, we delineate the recent advancements in sTTA-UC utilizing photoactive earth-abundant transition metal complexes. We explore their energy transfer mechanisms, evaluate their upconversion performance, discuss their applications, and outline the challenges and perspectives, aiming to offer insights for the development of novel photosensitizers based on earth-abundant metals for future research and applications.publishe
Rechtsgutsverletzungen durch KI-Systeme im Spiegel der Funktion des Strafrechts : KI und Generalvertrauen
No full textpublishe
Artificial intelligence (AI) in student life : students' assessments of the use of AI at German universities
No full textThe majority of students in the winter semester 2024/2025 use AI in their studies and are relatively familiar with how it works. ChatGPT is the most frequently used AI tool and its use has increased significantly since 2023.publishe
Spatially resolved investigation of magnetization fluctuations in magnetic thin films
No full textCombining wide-field magneto-optical Kerr microscopy with a time series analysis scheme allows for investigating magnetization fluctuations with high spatial and temporal resolution. We use this technique to study magnetization fluctuations in a thin ferromagnetic film prepared in a quasi-equilibrium magnetic state via a demagnetization protocol. Our experiments reveal a spatially inhomogeneous noise response, with strongly localized fluctuation hot spots near magnetic domain walls scattered across the sample surface. The spatial density of the noise hot spots is very similar at different low magnetic field strengths, as expected from the fluctuation–dissipation theorem. The measurement scheme thus opens the way for the spatially resolved investigation of quasi-equilibrium noise processes in magnetic materials.publishe
A path forward advancing microphysiological systems
No full textMicrophysiological systems (MPS), including organ-on-chip platforms and complex organoid models, represent a transformative approach to human-relevant in vitro modeling. These technologies bioengineer aspects of organ architecture and functionality, revolutionizing drug development, reducing animal testing, and enabling personalized medicine approaches. Despite significant advances, several critical challenges remain before their full potential can be realized. This article examines key obstacles facing MPS adoption and implementation while proposing actionable solutions to accelerate their development and acceptance. Major challenges include standardization issues across terminology and protocols, validation complexities requiring robust reference compounds and benchmarking standards, regulatory uncertainties regarding data requirements and qualification processes, and barriers to effective data sharing among stakeholders. The paper traces the field’s evolution through various international initiatives, particularly highlighting the Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing’s (CAAT) contributions, including the establishment of the International MPS Society and World Summits. Proposed solutions emphasize establishing global standards through international consortia, enhancing validation frameworks through specialized validation centers, fostering collaboration through pre-competitive consortia and standardized data formats, and advancing regulatory integration through detailed case studies and clear guidance documents. Future priorities focus on overcoming technical challenges in biological complexity, addressing engineering hurdles, standardizing technologies, improving data management, increasing economic accessibility, and integrating with other emerging technologies. The path forward requires coordinated, collaborative efforts across academia, industry, regulatory agencies, and technology suppliers to systematically address these interrelated challenges.publishe
SpatialMouse : A Hybrid Pointing Device for Seamless Interaction Across 2D and 3D Spaces
No full textWe introduce the SpatialMouse, a hybrid pointing device that combines the capabilities of a desktop mouse with the spatial input of a virtual reality (VR) controller, enabling seamless transitions between 2D and 3D interaction spaces in immersive mixed reality environments. Holistic usage scenarios in mixed reality involve tasks suited alternately to 2D or 3D information spaces. Yet, existing input devices excel in either 2D or 3D, but not both, making it necessary to switch between multiple input devices (e.g., mouse and VR controller). Our SpatialMouse addresses this issue, offering the affordances of a desktop mouse for indirect 2D pointing and the spatial capabilities of VR controllers with six degrees of freedom. In a user study with 12 participants, our prototype significantly reduced perceived task load and improved user experience compared to switching between separate devices. We extract design recommendations to further support such hybrid input approaches.accepte