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SDGinteractive - a collaborative platform for sustainability education in the natural sciences
No full textBildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) ist angesichts globaler Probleme wie dem Klimawandel immer wichtiger, doch ihre Umsetzung in Schulen, besonders im naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht, ist oft schwierig. Bestehende Lehrmaterialien und traditionelle Angebote erreichen nicht genug Menschen oder sind nicht aktuell genug, während digitale Medien neue Anforderungen an das Lernen stellen. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Entwicklung und Einführung von „SDGinteractive“, einer interaktiven und gemeinschaftlich entwickelten Online-Plattform, welche im Rahmen des DBU finanzierten Projektes „SDGs interaktiv – für eine lebenswerte Umwelt“ entwickelt wurde. Die Plattform bietet anschauliche Lerninhalte in Form kurzer “SDGactivities” und ausführlicher “SDGcollections”. Diese beschäftigen sich mit naturwissenschaftlich-technischen Aspekten der sogenannten Biosphäre-SDGs, mit einem starken Schwerpunkt auf chemische Themen. Einzigartig ist dabei die zukünftige Entwicklung der Plattform in Zusammenarbeit mit Fachdidaktiker:innen, Studierenden, Lehrkräften und der breiten Öffentlichkeit. Erste Rückmeldungen zeigen, dass die Nutzer:innen die Plattform nach mehreren Überarbeitungen gut annehmen. “SDGinteractive” ist eine leicht zugängliche Quelle, die hilft, komplexe Nachhaltigkeitsthemen zu verstehen und die Fähigkeit zu eigenverantwortlichem Handeln zu fördern. Der gemeinschaftliche Aufbau ermöglicht es zudem, die Plattform ständig zu erweitern und den Bedarf an flexiblen digitalen Lernangeboten im Bereich BNE zu decken.publishe
The effects of strain on movement selection : Unveiling mechanisms underlying rule- versus plan-based approaches
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Verse Novel
No full textLike the prose poem, the verse novel is an outlier, in that it tests the limits of what may be understood as poetry and does so by challenging the established relationship between verse form and, as it were, poetic content. Like the prose poem, the verse novel, therefore, tends to be characterized as a provocation. As this chapter will argue, however, the history of the verse novel demonstrates that such provocation can take very different forms, and, indeed, the affordances of the verse novel form cannot be fully accounted for by pointing to its generic hybridity. Like the novel itself, the verse novel is protean, and any attempt to give a full account of its variability would be foolhardy. What this chapter does instead is to showcase some of the most prominent examples of the form, considering what affordances lie in the choice of the form of the verse novel in specific historical contexts, as well as what kind of affordances lie in the specific, various choices of verse formats realized in these texts.publishe
Allocentric flocking
No full textUnderstanding how group-level dynamics arise from individual interactions remains a core challenge in collective behavior research. Traditional models assume animals follow simple behavioral rules, like explicitly aligning with neighbors. We present here an alternative theoretical framework that considers collective behavior to be grounded in neurobiological principles—particularly that animals employ ring attractor networks to encode bearings towards objects in space in an allocentric (i.e., with respect to a fixed external reference frame, such as a stable landmark) and/or egocentric (i.e., the angle relative to the animal’s heading) neural coding. We find collective motion can emerge spontaneously when individuals act as sensory inputs to each other’s networks, but only if individuals employ allocentric bearings to neighbors. Rapid switching between both representations can, however, enhance coordination. Collective motion can, therefore, emerge directly from navigational circuits, and thus may readily evolve, without requiring explicit alignment, or additional rules of interaction.publishe
Einführung in das Beiheft: Ungleich fördern - gerecht steuern : Begründungen, Umsetzungen und Wirkungserwartungen einer bedarfsorientierten Ressourcensteuerung im Bildungssystem
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BaboonLand Dataset : Tracking Primates in the Wild and Automating Behaviour Recognition from Drone Videos
No full textUsing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to track multiple individuals simultaneously in their natural environment is a powerful approach for better understanding the collective behavior of primates. Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of automating primate behavior classification from video data, but these studies have been carried out in captivity or from ground-based cameras. However, to understand group behavior and the self-organization of a collective, the whole troop needs to be seen at a scale where behavior can be seen in relation to the natural environment in which ecological decisions are made. To tackle this challenge, this study presents a novel dataset for baboon detection, tracking, and behavior recognition from drone videos where troops are observed on-the-move in their natural environment as they move to and from their sleeping sites. Videos were captured from drones at Mpala Research Centre, a research station located in Laikipia County, in central Kenya. The baboon detection dataset was created by manually annotating all baboons in drone videos with bounding boxes. A tiling method was subsequently applied to create a pyramid of images at various scales from the original 5.3K resolution images, resulting in approximately 30K images used for baboon detection. The baboon tracking dataset is derived from the baboon detection dataset, where bounding boxes are consistently assigned the same ID throughout the video. This process resulted in half an hour of dense tracking data. The baboon behavior recognition dataset was generated by converting tracks into mini-scenes, a video subregion centered on each animal. These mini-scenes were annotated with 12 distinct behavior types and one additional category for occlusion, resulting in over 20 hours of data. Benchmark results show mean average precision (mAP) of 92.62% for the YOLOv8-X detection model, multiple object tracking precision (MOTP) of 87.22% for the DeepSORT tracking algorithm, and micro top-1 accuracy of 64.89% for the X3D behavior recognition model. Using deep learning to rapidly and accurately classify wildlife behavior from drone footage facilitates non-invasive data collection on behavior enabling the behavior of a whole group to be systematically and accurately recorded. The dataset can be accessed at https://baboonland.xyz.publishe
Association of cytomegalovirus serostatus with ELOVL2 methylation : Implications for lipid metabolism, inflammation, DNA damage, and repair capacity in the MARK-AGE study population
No full textCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been linked to accelerated biological aging, potentially increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. DNA methylation of the gene Elongation Of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids-Like 2 (ELOVL2) is a molecular biomarker for aging, and its gene product is involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis, which impacts immune and inflammatory responses. This study, conducted in the MARK-AGE population, aimed to investigate the relationship between CMV infection and ELOVL2 methylation in adults aged 35–75, as well as the influence of CMV IgG levels on lipid metabolism, inflammation, DNA damage, and DNA repair. Our data revealed a higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and diabetes in CMV-positive individuals. CMV IgG levels were positively associated with ELOVL2 methylation at specific CpG sites and with increased expression of DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1). CMV IgG was linked to lipid imbalances, such as increased BMI, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL1-cholesterol. Additionally, ELOVL2 methylation was associated with systemic inflammation markers, lipid parameters and altered T-cell subsets. A negative correlation was observed between CMV IgG levels and both baseline DNA integrity and repair capacity. These results suggest that CMV infection might promote cardiovascular disease through ELOVL2 hypermethylation, lipid dysregulation, inflammation, and DNA damage.publishe
Ist es rechtlich ein Problem, wenn die eine Schule mehr Geld bekommt als eine andere? : Ein Interview mit dem Bildungs- und Sozialrechtler Michael Wrase
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Abstaining machine learning : philosophical considerations
No full textThis paper establishes a connection between the fields of machine learning (ML) and philosophy concerning the phenomenon of behaving neutrally. It investigates a specific class of ML systems capable of delivering a neutral response to a given task, referred to as abstaining machine learning systems, that has not yet been studied from a philosophical perspective. The paper introduces and explains various abstaining machine learning systems, and categorizes them into distinct types. An examination is conducted on how abstention in the different machine learning system types aligns with the epistemological counterpart of suspended judgment, addressing both the nature of suspension and its normative profile. Additionally, a philosophical analysis is suggested on the autonomy and explainability of the abstaining response. It is argued, specifically, that one of the distinguished types of abstaining systems is preferable as it aligns more closely with our criteria for suspended judgment. Moreover, it is better equipped to autonomously generate abstaining outputs and offer explanations for abstaining outputs when compared to the other type.publishe
Rank-based decision theory and conditional deontic logic
No full textRanking theory is a well-established account of rational belief (= taking to be true) and its dynamics. Each formal representation of epistemic states should be extendable to a decision theory; ultimately, beliefs manifest themselves in rational action. However, the decision-theoretic extension of ranking theory is wanting. Giang and Shenoy’s “A Qualitative Linear Utility Theory for Spohn’s Theory of Epistemic Beliefs” (2000) is the only proposal so far. This paper will modify this proposal. The modification allows building a bridge to the field of (conditional) deontic logic, indeed advancing this field and thus instructing legal theory. This is to show that the modification is a fruitful one deserving further investigation and application.publishe