University of Konstanz
KOPS - The Institutional Repository of the University of KonstanzNot a member yet
31050 research outputs found
Sort by
Introduction : Theorizing Shakespeare’s seriality
No full textThe introduction discusses how reading Shakespeare for seriality means to look at repetitions as the creation of difference. It draws into focus serial structures within individual plays and between plays on the one hand, while, on the other, it allows for an enquiry into the many modes of serial adaptation, transformation and remediation of his plays in different medias and at different historical times. It explores serial reading as method that not only investigates a given series, but itself establishes series in acts of serialization that allow for reading series forwards as well as backwards and thus a mutual transformation of the respective parts. Introducing this collection’s division into sections that focus on reading, performing and televising Shakespeare’s plays, it discusses medium-specific forms of serialization from the early modern period to the 2020s.publishe
Socialisation of Emotion Regulation in Preschool Classrooms : How Do Peers Matter?
No full textThe development of emotional competence is an important milestone during early childhood. Beyond early experience within the family, the (preschool) classroom is a relevant socialisation context, and both teachers and peers may contribute to children's emotion-related outcomes. Tracking changes in the emotion regulation competence of N = 173 preschool children (age in months: M = 43.3, SD = 6.6, 45% girls) over 6 months, the current study investigated whether and how peers contribute to differences in the development of emotion regulation in preschool classrooms. The research questions were addressed by examining three different kinds of peer groups: Classroom-level peer group, friendship group, and high-status peers (social network centrality). Teachers rated children's emotion regulation competence and empathic co-regulation behaviour—referring to preschoolers' supportive responses to their peers' emotional expressions—at three assessment points. Multilevel growth modelling provided evidence that friendship-group empathic co-regulation (empathy, helping, and comforting behaviour) predicted changes in preschoolers' emotion regulation over time, confirming that friendship groups influence young children's emotional development.publishe
Irreversible Deactivation Pathways in Ni(II)-Catalyzed Nonalternating Ethylene–Carbon Monoxide Copolymerization
No full textEndowing polyethylenes with photodegradability via incorporation of low densities of in-chain keto units could reduce the problematic environmental persistency of littered polymer waste. A breakthrough enabling such materials is the recent finding of nickel catalyzed nonalternating copolymerization of ethylene–carbon monoxide. We reveal irreversible catalyst deactivation pathways operative in this reaction. Reductive elimination of the common phosphinephenolate Ni(II) motif occurs with the acyl intermediates formed upon incorporation of carbon monoxide into the growing chain, as observed by low temperature NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray crystallography of the isolated product. Further, we show that such decomposition pathways are generally relevant during ethylene–carbon monoxide copolymerizations under pressure reactor conditions. These findings guide the development of more stable and productive polymerization catalysts to enable the production of environmentally benign polyethylenes.publishe
Potent inhibitors of the human RNA ligase Rlig1 highlights its role in RNA integrity maintenance under oxidative cellular stress
No full textpublishe
Samply Stream API : the AI-enhanced method for real-time event data streaming
No full textThis manuscript introduces a novel method for conducting behavioral and social research by streaming real-time information to participants and manipulating content for experimental purposes via AI. We present an extension of the Samply software, which facilitates the integration of event-related data with mobile surveys and experiments. To assess the feasibility of this method, we conducted an experiment where news headlines were modified by a Chat-GPT algorithm and streamed to participants via the Samply Stream API and mobile push notifications. Feedback from participants indicated that most did not experience technical problems. There was no significant difference in readability across original, paraphrased, and misinformation-injected news conditions, with only 1.2% of all news items reported as unreadable. Participants reported significantly less familiarity with misinformation-injected news (84% unfamiliarity) compared to original and paraphrased news (73% unfamiliarity), suggesting successful manipulation of information without compromising readability. Dropout and non-response rates were comparable to those in other experience sampling studies. The streaming method offers significant potential for various applications, including public opinion research, healthcare, marketing, and environmental monitoring. By enabling the real-time collection of contextually relevant data, this method has the potential to enhance the external validity of behavioral research and provides a powerful tool for studying human behavior in naturalistic settings.publishe
The owl gull : exclusively nocturnal foraging by the Swallow-tailed Gull Creagrus furcatus in Galápagos
No full textColony-based observations indicate that Swallow-tailed Gulls Creagrus furcatus go to sea only at night. Here, we use GPS tracking technology to reveal the species' exclusively nocturnal foraging behavior at four colonies in the Galápagos Islands. All nocturnal trips proved to be foraging effort in pelagic waters 19-103 km from nests during breeding. While at sea, individuals spent approximately one-quarter of their time commuting, with half of the time dedicated to area-restricted search behavior. Three years of data from one colony indicate spatial fidelity to a general foraging area. Our research directly confirms that Swallow-tailed Gulls are the only obligate nocturnal foragers among Laridae and contributes to our understanding of nocturnal foraging strategies in tropical seabirds.publishe
Transcriptomics analysis reveals potential mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction and T cell exhaustion in astronauts’ blood cells in space
No full textIntroduction: The impact of spaceflight on the immune system and mitochondria has been investigated for decades. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying spaceflight-induced immune dysregulations are still unclear.
Methods: In this study, blood from eleven crewmembers was collected before and during International Space Station (ISS) missions. Transcriptomic analysis was performed in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using RNA-sequencing. Differentially expresses genes (DEG) in space were determined by comparing of the inflight to the preflight samples. Pathways and statistical analyses of these DEG were performed using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) tool.
Results: In comparison to pre-flight, a total of 2030 genes were differentially expressed in PBMC collected between 135 and 210 days in orbit, which included a significant number of surface receptors. The dysregulated genes and pathways were mostly involved in energy and oxygen metabolism, immune responses, cell adhesion/migration and cell death/survival.
Discussion: Based on the DEG and the associated pathways and functions, we propose that mitochondria dysfunction was caused by constant modulation of mechano-sensing receptors in microgravity, which triggered a signaling cascade that led to calcium overloading in mitochondria. The response of PBMC in space shares T-cell exhaustion features, likely initiated by microgravity than by infection. Consequences of mitochondria dysfunction include immune dysregulation and prolonged cell survival which potentially explains the reported findings of inhibition of T cell activation and telomere lengthening in astronauts.
Conclusion: Our study potentially identifies the upstream cause of mitochondria dysfunction and the downstream consequences in immune cells.publishe
Increasing Extraversion via Intervention : Lay Insights, Person-Activity Fit, and Implications for Well-Being and Persistence
No full textResearch suggests that acting more extraverted (outgoing, assertive, and/or energetic) boosts subjective well-being in the short term for most people; however, some work indicates that acting more extraverted could be aversive for those who are relatively more introverted. To further understand participants' experiences in extraverted behavior interventions, we analyzed free-response data from a study in which undergraduate participants generated ideas on desirable outcomes, anticipated obstacles, and prospective plans in their efforts to act more sociable. Additionally, to understand the potential relationship between components of person-activity fit (how natural, enjoyable, and meaningful a person finds an intervention activity like acting more extraverted), we conducted exploratory correlational analyses between the components of fit, personality traits, desire to change extraversion, and the endorsement of outcomes, challenges, and plans identified from our thematic qualitative analysis. Our results suggest four main takeaways: (a) dispositional and situational shyness are highly prevalent challenges that bear on behavioral efforts to act more sociable; (b) lack of specificity in participant-generated plans to act more sociable and their focus on thoughts and feelings instead of actionable behavior may inhibit desired behavior change; (c) participants' sense that their own personality serves as a barrier to desired change is negatively related to how natural, enjoyable, and meaningful they rate the intervention; and (d) more agreeable participants rate the intervention as more enjoyable and meaningful. We close by offering theoretical and practical recommendations for future research and interventions focused on fostering extraverted behaviors.publishe
