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The updated Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF 2.0) database <scp>GloNAF</scp> 2.0) database
No full textGloNAF is a continuously updated, curated compilation of alien naturalized vascular plant inventories for geographic regions worldwide. Building on its predecessor, GloNAF 2.0 now contains 16,429 taxa and introduces major updates, including the standardization of taxonomic names using the World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP), removal of outdated records, and the net addition of 117,229 new records. These new entries have substantially increased the size of GloNAF, resulting in a 26% increase in the number of naturalized taxa in the database and a 31% increase in the number of geographic regions compared to GloNAF 1.2. We provide an overview of GloNAF 2.0, highlighting its expanded geographic and taxonomic coverage. In addition, we have aligned GloNAF with FAIR data principles through improvements in data accessibility, metadata standards, and support for data reuse. GloNAF 2.0 represents a significant and comprehensive resource for researchers aiming to advance our understanding of the drivers and consequences of biological invasions and naturalization success. The dataset is published under a CC‐BY 4.0 license; thus, when using these data, please give credit to this paper.publishe
Informelles Lernen und heimliches Curriculum in der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung
No full textNeben Lerngelegenheiten, die infolge der offiziellen Rahmenbedingungen und Regelungen zur Lehrpersonenbildung angeboten werden, zeigen sich implizite, von den Akteurinnen und Akteuren selbst initiierte Lernprozesse (informelles Lernen) oder auch ihnen unbewusste, institutionelle und individuelle Intentionen innerhalb des Systems (heimliches Curriculum). Linien bislang in der Forschung nur wenig bearbeiteter Aspekte werden aufgespürt, der Forschungsstand resümiert und Perspektiven aufgezeigt.publishe
Asymmetric backlash against structural economic change : The electoral consequences of the coal phase‐out in Germany
No full textPast research has often attributed electoral backlash to structural economic change to a lack of compensation and interest group representation for affected groups. Is that backlash then mitigated in contexts where both of these conditions are fulfilled? I argue that perceived economic deprivation fuelling political disengagement as well as disappointment with the issue‐owning party are important factors contributing to such a backlash. Using the case of Germany, I empirically analyse the electoral repercussions of a coal phase‐out in the presence of compensation for affected groups as well as active involvement of labour and business interests in political decision‐making. By employing a series of staggered difference‐in‐differences models, I investigate whether the closures of coal plants and mines between 2007 and 2022 affected voting behaviour at the municipal level. I find that these closures resulted in an asymmetric backlash in the form of lower vote shares for the issue owner, the Social Democratic Party and higher abstention rates in affected municipalities. With the significant politicisation around fossil fuel‐based energy generation, these findings have important implications for the remaining coal phase‐outs worldwide.publishe
Einfluss von Fähigkeitskonzepten auf das motorische Lernen – Implikationen für die Rehabilitation von Patient:innen nach Schlaganfall – Literaturübersicht
No full textFähigkeitskonzepte sind individuelle Überzeugungen einer Person hinsichtlich der Veränderbarkeit der eigenen Fähigkeiten durch Übung. Sie können, je nach Ausprägung, Einfluss auf das (motorische) Lernen nehmen. Motorisches Lernen kann dabei als komplexes Konstrukt verstanden werden, welches durch viele Faktoren beeinflussbar ist.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, den Einfluss der Fähigkeitskonzepte auf das motorische Lernen zu untersuchen und Implikationen für die Rehabilitation von Patient:innen nach Schlaganfall abzuleiten.
Es wurde systematisch in den Datenbanken PubMed und PsycInfo gesucht sowie Quellenverzeichnisse gescreent. Sechs Studien wurden hinsichtlich der methodischen und inhaltlichen Qualität systematisch bewertet und die Ergebnisse präsentiert. Dabei lassen sich die relevanten Ergebnisse wie folgt zusammenfassen.
Werden Fähigkeitskonzepte als alleiniger Einflussfaktor untersucht, zeigen sich deutliche Auswirkungen auf das motorische Lernen. Im Zusammenspiel mit anderen Faktoren, relativieren sich diese teilweise und Fähigkeitskonzepte scheinen keinen direkten Einfluss auf das motorische Lernen zu nehmen, wohl aber auf andere lernfördernde Faktoren.
Aus den analysierten Studien kann kein eindeutiger Schluss auf den Einfluss der Fähigkeitskonzepte gezogen werden. Ebenso kann auf Grund fehlender Daten keine
Aussage zu deren Einfluss bei Patient:innen nach Schlaganfall getroffen werden. Implikationen für deren Rehabilitation könnten eine therapeutische Berücksichtigung dieser als Disposition sowie der bewusste Einsatz von Sprache in Instruktion und Feedback sein. Ebenso könnten Patient:innen von einem aktiven Informationsprozess über die Chancen der Neuroplastizität und die Notwendigkeit von Fehlern im Lernprozess profitieren.publishe
Do Perceived Values Influence User Identification and Attitudinal Loyalty in Social Robots? : The Mediating Role of Active Involvement
No full textWith the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, the deployment of social robots has significantly broadened, extending into diverse fields such as education, medical services, and business. Despite this expansive growth, there remains a notable scarcity of empirical research addressing the underlying psychological mechanisms that influence human–robot interactions. To address this critical research gap, the present study proposes and empirically tests a theoretical model designed to elucidate how users’ multi-dimensional perceived values of social robots influence their attitudinal responses and outcomes. Based on questionnaire data from 569 social robot users, the study reveals that users’ perceived utilitarian value, emotional value, and hedonic value all exert significant positive effects on active involvement, thereby fostering their identification and reinforcing attitudinal loyalty. Among these dimensions, emotional value emerged as the strongest predictor, underscoring the pivotal role of emotional orientation in cultivating lasting human–robot relationships. Furthermore, the findings highlight the critical mediating function of active involvement in linking perceived value to users’ psychological sense of belonging, thereby elucidating the mechanism through which perceived value enhances engagement and promotes sustained long-term interaction. These findings extend the conceptual boundaries of human–machine interaction, offer a theoretical foundation for future explorations of user psychological mechanisms, and inform strategic design approaches centered on emotional interaction and user-oriented experiences, providing practical guidance for optimizing social robot design in applications.publishe
Auto-oscillations and directional magnon emission induced by spin current injection into large magnetic volumes
No full textThe ability to manipulate magnons using electronic currents holds transformative potential for high-frequency signal processing architectures based on insulating magnetic materials. A critical challenge, however, lies in achieving efficient magnon emission and amplification through damping compensation, which typically requires ultra-thin films. In this study, we break this limitation by demonstrating a three-order-of-magnitude increase in magnon population, consistent with the onset of auto-oscillations upon reaching damping compensation, by injecting a spin current from a μm-wide Pt wire into a continuous 150 nm-thick yttrium iron garnet film. Using nonlocal magnon transport and Brillouin light scattering, we reveal that damping compensation occurs due to magnon self-localization beneath the Pt injector, which precludes radiation from the excited region. As a result, the nonlocal magnon conductance becomes mode-dependent and is significantly amplified by multi-magnon scattering at high magnon populations. Finally, we demonstrate that interfacial spin injection breaks yttrium iron garnet’s inversion symmetry, leading to unidirectional magnon emission. Our results pave the way for the development of advanced magnonic devices, including directional magnon emitters, and offer a new approach to achieving damping compensation in thick magnetic films.publishe
Predictive model for evolving density and viscosity gradients in band-forming ultracentrifugation
No full textBand-forming experiments allow the study of a wide variety of systems by overlaying two solutions with different densities in an analytical ultracentrifuge. Despite their potential benefits over other methods, these experiments are rarely used because all available fitting software encounters systematic errors, failing to account for the evolving gradient in density and viscosity due to diffusive mixing between the two layers. We develop and experimentally validate a predictive model for the purely diffusive mixing of two solutions in a cylindrical system. Capturing the space- and time-dependent evolution of density and viscosity in band-forming experiments, the model enhances their interpretation and underscores the need for analysis software to account for these dynamic changes.publishe
PeriTox-M, a Cell-Based Assay for Peripheral Neurotoxicity with Improved Sensitivity to Mitochondrial Inhibitors
No full textHuman cell-based assays for neurotoxicity (NT) and developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) have reached a high level of readiness, but some tests require improvements in the specificity and sensitivity at which mitochondrial toxicants are detected. This study aimed to optimize the PeriTox assay, which uses peripheral neurons (PNs) and predicts the potential of chemicals to trigger peripheral neuropathies. By introducing a glucose-to-galactose switch in the medium composition, cells were forced to rely on mitochondrial respiration. Using pre-differentiated PNs cultured in either glucose (Glc) or galactose (Gal), we observed no major differences in baseline phenotype, gene expression, neurite outgrowth, or total ATP content. However, a marked metabolic shift was confirmed by the increased oxygen consumption in Gal conditions. Based on measurements of neurite growth and ATP levels, Gal-adapted neurons showed a heightened sensitivity, up to 7500-fold, to a range of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) inhibitors. The sensitivity shift was high for inhibitors of MRC complexes I and III and modest or absent for unrelated compounds such as proteasome inhibitors or cytoskeletal poisons. For complex I-III inhibitors, the enhanced detection of mitochondrial neurotoxicants was coupled with a more accurate distinction between cytotoxic and neurite-specific effects, i.e., an improved assay specificity. In conclusion, our study on 39 compounds suggests that running the PeriTox assay in galactose increases its sensitivity and specificity for several mitochondrial toxicants, while no general disadvantages or shortcomings were observed. The modified version (PeriTox-M) may increase the performance of in vitro test batteries for scientific and regulatory applications.publishe
Exploring the impact of the inverse Faraday-effect on all-optical helicity-dependent magnetization switching
No full textAll-optical helicity-dependent magnetization switching (AO-HDS) is the quickest data recording technique using only ultrashort laser pulses. FePt grains provide an ideal platform for examining the interaction of effects conducting magnetization switching. We identify the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and the inverse Faraday effect (IFE) as the primary switching forces. Ultrafast photon absorption rapidly elevates electron temperatures, quenching magnetization. The MCD’s helicity-dependent absorption ensures distinct electron temperatures, holding a finite switching probability by generating different spin noise rates in each spin channel. The IFE induces a magnetic moment, enhancing this probability. We present ultrashort laser pulse (&lt;200 fs) AO-HDS experiments in the near-infrared spectral range from 800 to 1500 nm, demonstrating a correlation between switching efficiency and absorbed energy density. Elevating electron temperatures to the Curie point enables the IFE to induce a magnetic moment for deterministic switching in the quenched magnetization state. Unlike in films or multilayers, where domain wall motion and domain growth govern the switching process, increasing the MCD in nanometer-sized grains does not enhance switching efficiency. Electrons around the Curie temperature typically reach increased switching rates for higher induced magnetization generated by the IFE. The MCD sets the necessary switching condition, separating electron temperatures. The IFE generates a magnetic moment, directing spins toward the desired orientation and improving switching efficiency. Every laser pulse initiates a new switching probability for each grain, increasing the role of direction indication by the IFE. Stronger absorption assures higher induced magnetization at low switching fluences.publishe
Vorverkaufsfristen des Deutschlandtickets als Chipkarte : Ein Gradmesser für die Effizienz des Vertriebs im öffentlichen Verkehr
No full textDie Vorverkaufsfrist für das Deutschlandticket als Chipkarte unterscheidet sich von Verbund zu Verbund erheblich. Sie reicht von wenigen Tagen bis hin zu einem ganzen Monat vor dem Abo-Start. Die Unterschiede in der Vorverkaufsfrist können als Proxy für Unterschiede in der Vertriebseffizienz zwischen den Verbünden angesehen werden. Im Kontext knapper Finanzmittel und beständiger Rufe nach Effizienzsteigerungen in den Overhead-Strukturen des öffentlichen Verkehrs ist die Analyse der Vertriebseffizienz beim Deutschlandticket volkswirtschaftlich geboten und kann als Impuls für Reformen dienen.publishe