University of Konstanz
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Too Much Self-Control?
No full textAlthough it seems commonsensical to say that one cannot merely have too little, but also too much self-control, the philosophical debate has largely focused on failures of self-control rather than its potential excesses. There are a few notable exceptions. But, by and large, the issue of having too much self-control has not received a lot of attention. This paper takes another careful look at the commonsensical position that it is possible to have too much self-control. One key insight that will emerge is that there are certain important confusions surrounding this view. Once these are removed, however, we are led to the conclusion that there need not be anything intrinsically problematic about being a paragon of self-control.publishe
Investigation of Rlig1: from discovery of inhibitors to functional characterization
No full textpublishe
High-fidelity entangling gates for electron and nuclear spin qubits in diamond
No full textMotivated by the recent experimental progress in exploring the use of a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond as a quantum computing platform, we propose schemes for fast and high-fidelity entangling gates on this platform. Using both analytical and numerical calculations, we demonstrate that synchronization effects between resonant and off-resonant transitions may be exploited such that spin-flip errors due to strong driving may be eliminated by adjusting the gate time or the driving field. This allows for fast, high-fidelity entangling operations between the electron spin and one or several nuclear spins. We investigate a two-qubit system where the NV center comprises a 15N atom and a qubit-qutrit system for the case of a 14N atom. In both cases, we predict a complete suppression of off-resonant driving errors for two-qubit gates when addressing the NV electron spin conditioned on states of nuclear spins of the nitrogen atom of the defect. Additionally, we predict fidelities >0.99 for multiqubit gates when including the surrounding 13C atoms in the diamond lattice in the conditioned logic.publishe
Fairness Evaluations of Higher Education Graduates’ Earnings : The Role of Female Preference for Equality and Self‐Interest
No full textEducational and occupational horizontal segregation contribute significantly to economic inequalities, especially in contexts with a strong correspondence between fields of study and occupational outputs, such as in Germany. However, the extent to which individuals perceive disparities in economic returns across different fields of study as fair and the factors influencing these fairness evaluations remain largely unexplored. This study aims to understand fairness evaluations by assessing two theoretical explanations and their interrelation: (1) female preference for equality, where women generally favour smaller earnings disparities, and (2) biases leading to higher reward expectations for individuals in the same field of study as the evaluator. Our empirical research draws on a novel survey experiment from the German Student Survey (2021), in which higher education students evaluated the fairness of realistic earnings for graduates from various fields of study. These earnings relate to the entry phase of an individual's career, reflecting differences in economic returns exclusively tied to fields of study, independent of occupational or life trajectories. Our findings support the female preference for equality and self‐interest theoretical perspectives, revealing that women and respondents in fields associated with lower‐earning jobs tend to perceive greater unfairness. We further find evidence of an interaction between the two mechanisms, with women being particularly likely to perceive greater unfairness when it aligns with their self‐interest.publishe
SoK : Delegated Security in the Internet of Things
No full textThe increased use of electronic devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) leads not only to an improved comfort of living but also to an increased risk of attacks. IoT security has thus become an important research field. However, due to limits on performance and bandwidth, IoT devices are often not powerful enough to execute, e.g., costly cryptographic algorithms or protocols. This limitation can be solved through a delegation concept. By delegating certain operations to devices with sufficient resources, it is possible to achieve a high level of security without overloading a device that needs protection. In this paper, we give an overview of current approaches for security delegation in the context of IoT, formalise security notions, discuss the security of existing approaches, and identify further research questions. Furthermore, a mathematical formalisation of the CIA triad (confidentiality, integrity, and availability) is proposed for the predefined application areas, in order to evaluate the different approaches.publishe
Super-resolution microscopy based on the inherent fluctuations of dye molecules
No full textFluorescence microscopy is a critical tool across various disciplines, from materials science to biomedical research, yet it is limited by the diffraction limit of resolution. Advanced super-resolution techniques such as localization microscopy and stimulated-emission-depletion microscopy often demand considerable resources. These methods depend heavily on elaborate sample-staining, complex optical systems, or prolonged acquisition periods, and their application in 3D and multicolor imaging presents significant experimental challenges. In the current work, we provide a complete demonstration of a widely accessible super-resolution imaging approach capable of 3D and multicolor imaging based on super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI). We replace the confocal pinhole with an array of single-photon avalanche diodes and use the microsecond-scale fluctuations of dye molecules as a contrast mechanism. This contrast is transformed into a super-resolved image using a robust and deterministic algorithm. Our technique utilizes natural fluctuations inherent to organic dyes, thereby it does not require engineering of the blinking statistics. Our robust, versatile super-resolution method opens the way to next-generation multimodal imaging and facilitates on-demand super-resolution within a confocal architecture.publishe
Development of a Ubiquitin-based photocrosslinking probe and its application in proteomic profiling of the E6AP interactome
No full textpublishe
Das Diamond-Open-Access-Modell KOALA aus erwerbungsbibliothekarischer Sicht : Ein Auswertungsbericht
No full textBasierend auf einer großen Befragung werden die Perspektiven von in der Erwerbung tätigen Bibliothekar*innen auf konsortiale Open-Access-Finanzierungsangebote untersucht. Dabei werden insbesondere Faktoren ermittelt, die für oder gegen eine finanzielle Teilnahme an solchen Angeboten sprechen. Kontext der Untersuchung ist die Optimierung von Konsortialangeboten, die im Projekt KOALA-AV verfolgt wird. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse stärken den Konsortialansatz. Prinzipielle Einwände haben nur wenige der Befragten. Insbesondere wird die Finanzierung konsortialer Open-Access-Angebote mit großer Mehrheit für vereinbar mit lokalen Haushaltsordnungen gehalten. Die ermittelten hauptsächlichen Hinderungsgründe sind durch gezielte Maßnahmen adressierbar: durch eine quantitative Ausweitung der Angebote, durch bessere Metadaten der Zeitschriften und durch eine gezielte Steuerung des Erwerbungsbudgets.publishe
Healthcare deservingness : how risk factors and income shape responsibility attribution for health outcomes and healthcare costs
No full textAmidst the global surge in healthcare expenditures, there is a growing political and academic debate about individual versus collective responsibility for health and healthcare costs. This study explores the causal effects of health risks and income cues on citizens’ attribution of responsibility for health outcomes and healthcare costs. An original vignette experiment was conducted among the German population. Those in need of medical treatment who have been exposed to environmental, institutional, or biological health risks are held less responsible for their health outcomes than those exhibiting behavioural health risks. However, the impact of health risks appears to be somewhat weaker in determining who should bear the costs for the medical treatment. Furthermore, higher-income groups are more likely to be blamed for their health outcomes and are considered less deserving of society’s help in paying for medical treatment. These findings enhance our understanding of how the criteria of control and economic need shape public attribution of responsibility in the health(care) domain.publishe
Cooperative and plural breeding by the precocial Vulturine Guineafowl
No full textCooperative breeding in birds is thought to be more common in altricial species, with few described cases in precocial species. However, cooperative breeding may also be more difficult to detect in precocial species and could have been overlooked. We investigated whether precocial Vulturine Guineafowl Acryllium vulturinum breed cooperatively and, if so, how care is distributed among group members. We collected data from 51 uniquely marked individuals (27 males, 24 females), of which 13 females bred at least once over three different breeding seasons. We found that broods had close associates comprising both adults and subadults that exhibited four distinct cooperative breeding behaviours: babysitting, chick guarding, covering the chicks and calling the chicks to food. Further, we found that offspring care is significantly male-biased, that non-mother individuals provided most of the care that each brood received, that breeding females differed in how much help they received and that carers pay a foraging cost when providing care. In line with many other birds, we found that females received help from their sons. Our results confirm that Vulturine Guineafowl are cooperative and plural breeders and add to growing evidence that cooperative breeding may be more widespread among species with precocial young than previously thought, thereby providing a counterpoint to the altriciality–cooperative breeding hypothesis.publishe