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Lawyer and client relationship
No full textAs legal professionals, lawyers are expected to perform their duties with integrity and professionalism. They are supposed to follow the agreement entered into between them and
their client, which means they must perform their duties accordingly. This agreement is also known as a retainer agreement. Other terms used to indicate the existence of such an agreement are a warrant to act, a letter of appointment, or, in some cases, it may arise by implied action or conduct of the lawyers concerned. The agreement, whether oral or written, and the conduct affirm the existence of a solicitor-client relationship. This Chapter discusses the importance of establishing the lawyer or solicitor- client relationship, the scope of lawyers’ duties towards their clients, and the effect of failing to perform their duties towards their clients. As a reference, laws governing lawyers in Malaysia and selected common law countries such as the United Kingdom and Singapore will be cited in this study. Those laws include the Legal Profession Act 1976 (Peninsular Malaysia), Advocates Ordinance (Sabah and Sarawak), and the Legal Profession Act 1966 (Singapore)
دفع الزيادة في القرض من طرف ثالث: حكمه وتطبيقاته المعاصرة، وحكم الأجرة على خطاب الضمان والاعتماد المستندي
No full textملخص البحث
عالج البحث موضوع الزيادة في القرض من طرف ثالث، والزيادة على أجرة المثل في إصدار خطاب الضمان، وفتح الاعتماد المستندي، فتضمن البحث محورين: تناول المحور الأول بيان معنى الزيادة في القرض من طرف ثالث، ومعنى قاعدة "كل قرض جر نفعاً فهو ربا" ومصدرها، ثم تطرق البحث بالدراسة والتحليل إلى آراء العلماء وأدلتهم في حكم المسألة، وتناول أيضاً ثلاث تطبيقات معاصرة للزيادة في القرض من طرف ثالث، وهي تمويل الخدمات، وبطاقات الائتمان، واشتر الآن وادفع لاحقاً، حيث وضح معناها وتكييفها الفقهي. أما المحور الثاني فتناول بيان مفهوم كل من خطاب الضمان، والاعتماد المستندي، وتكييفهما الفقهي، وحكم الزيادة على الأجرة المثل في إصدار خطاب الضمان وفتح الاعتماد المستندي. استخدم البحث المنهج الاستقرائي لتتبع آراء العلماء وأدلتهم في المسائل التي تم دراستها، واستخدم أيضاً المنهج التحليلي لتحليل تلك الآراء والأدلة، للوصول إلى الرأي الراجح. وتوصل البحث إلى جملة من النتائج، أهَمُّها: القيام بمزيد من الدارسة والبحث في مسألة علة تحريم الربا للوصول إلى حكم الزيادة في القرض من طرف ثالث، ولكن الباحث يرى مبدئياًّ عدم وجود مانع شرعي من جوازها، كما توصل البحث إلى جواز أخذ الزيادة على أجرة المثل في إصدار خطاب الضمان، وفتح الاعتماد المستندي
Pempengaruh bukan sekadar popular tapi perlu bertanggungjawab
Get PDFLedakan teknologi maklumat telah mencetuskan transformasi dalam komunikasi sosial, terutama melalui kemunculan media baharu dan platform media sosial yang menghubungkan berjuta-juta pengguna secara serentak. Di tengah arus digital ini, wujud fenomena "pempengaruh media sosial" yang memainkan peranan penting dalam menyebarkan maklumat dan membentuk pendapat awam. Namun, persoalan timbul sama ada pengaruh ini didorong oleh populariti semata-mata atau berasaskan kredibiliti yang tulen.
Artikel ini membincangkan perbezaan antara populariti dan kredibiliti dalam konteks pempengaruh media sosial. Populariti sering diukur melalui jumlah pengikut dan interaksi di media sosial, manakala kredibiliti merangkumi kepercayaan, kepakaran dan daya tarikan personaliti. Hujah utama menekankan bahawa populariti tanpa asas kredibiliti boleh mengundang risiko penyebaran maklumat tidak sahih dan menjejaskan keharmonian masyarakat, terutamanya dalam konteks Malaysia yang berbilang kaum dan agama. Data dari kajian Ipsos (2024) dan Influencer Intelligence (2020) menunjukkan tahap kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap pempengaruh masih rendah akibat kebimbangan terhadap ketulenan kandungan.
Justeru, artikel ini menyeru agar pempengaruh media sosial memikul tanggungjawab etika (netika) dalam setiap perkongsian mereka dengan mengutamakan integriti dan impak sosial yang positif. Hanya dengan kredibiliti yang kukuh, pempengaruh mampu memberi pengaruh yang berpanjangan, membina dan bermanfaat kepada khalayak
Phytomicrobiome engineering for crop growth and resilience
No full textPhytomicrobiome engineering is a novel method that has the potential to revolutionize crop development and increase agricultural system resilience. This technique creates a comprehensive framework for modifying the phytomicrobiome to optimize plant performance, nutrient utilization, and stress response by leveraging the complicated connections between plants and their associated microbiota. This protocol provides a comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners seeking to unlock the full potential of plant–microbe interactions for sustainable and resilient crop production by incorporating cutting-edge techniques such as host-mediated microbiome engineering and selective passaging for disease suppression
Keperihalan toleransi beragama di Malaysia: idealisme dan praktis
No full textMalaysia, sebuah negara majmuk dengan sejarah unik, menjadi model masyarakat antarabangsa atas keupayaannya melestarikan keharmonian beragama. Kajian ini membincangkan faktor toleransi beragama, isu dan cabaran yang dihadapi masyarakat, serta cadangan penambahbaikan untuk memastikan kestabilan sosial. Antara faktor utama toleransi beragama di Malaysia ialah kebijaksanaan pemimpin, pendidikan, tradisi sosial dan budaya, peranan pemimpin agama, serta nilai-nilai murni agama Namun, isu sensitif agama terus menjadi cabaran disebabkan kejahilan masyarakat, media sosial, sentimen emosi dan politik, sistem pendidikan dan kehidupan beragama para penganut agama. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar toleransi beragama diperkukuh melalui sikap saling menghormati, pemerkasaan pendidikan, penyebaran maklumat berkaitan agama dan isu sensitif antara agama, menghindari provokasi dan pemerkasaan undang-undang. Pendekatan seimbang antara pendidikan dan penguatkuasaan memerlukan kerjasama semua pihak, termasuk pemimpin dan pemimpin agama. Usaha ini penting untuk memastikan hubungan antara agama di Malaysia berasaskan nilai ilmu, etika dan budaya setempat, demi mencapai aspirasi keharmonian dalam kepelbagaian
Investigating ESL teachers’ experience in teaching online classes
Get PDFThe rapid transformation of traditional classrooms to online platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic has presented numerous challenges for educators, particularly those teaching English as a Second Language. This research aims to explore the challenges faced by ESL teachers in adapting to and managing online teaching, as well as the strategies they employ to navigate this new digital landscape. Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with three ESL teachers to gather valuable insights into their experiences. Thematic analysis was applied to identify and categorize the challenges encountered by these educators during the implementation of online teaching. Additionally, the study investigated the strategies employed by teachers to overcome these obstacles and enhance the effectiveness of their online instruction. The findings reveal six major challenges faced by ESL teachers, including technical issues, time management, limited student access to technology, monitoring and assessment difficulties, students’ issues, and teachers’ competency issues. To address these challenges, teachers utilized three main strategies: self-empowerment through self-learning and upskilling in technology, effective monitoring and assessment techniques, and enhancing online learning through interactive engagement. The insights garnered from this study can assist educational institutions, policymakers, and educators in identifying areas that require support and improvement for more effective and efficient online teaching practices. Ultimately, the study emphasizes the importance of continuous professional development for ESL teachers to successfully navigate the complexities of online teaching and meet the diverse needs of their students in the digital ag
The evaluation of homemakers’ knowledge and perception on home-based commercial food: malaysia experience
No full textAbstract: Home-based commercial food is highly popular among Malaysian as it offers great
convenience even though its cleanliness and safety are doubtful. This study evaluated
homemakers’ knowledge and perception on the cleanliness and safety of home-based
commercial food toward family holistic well-being. A total of 439 respondents were structured
randomly recruited from all states of Malaysia. Respondents were required to complete a set
of questionnaires comprising of three sections: sociodemographic information, level of
knowledge of home kitchen cleanliness and perception of commercial home-based food. To
assess the level of knowledge about home kitchen cleanliness, a scoring system was
implemented in each question was assigned a score between 1 and 6 with total score of 178.
Maximum of total score obtained was divided by the maximum possible score and then
converted into percentage value. Score below 50% reflects poor level of knowledge, while
scores between 51 to 70% indicate an average understanding. A score ranging from 71 to 85%
represents good knowledge and score above 86% signify an excellent level of knowledge. For
the perception of commercial home-based food, a set of question consisted of three options of
answer consisting of agree, partially agree and disagree. The findings revealed that over half
of the participants demonstrated excellent knowledge of home kitchen cleanliness. A
statistically significant difference (p-value<0.05) in knowledge levels was observed based on
marital status, kitchen size and involvement in home-based food business. However, no
significance differences (p-value>0.05) were found in relation to gender, race and educational
background. Additionally, more than 70% of respondents agreed that preparing of commercial
food at home is appropriate, suggesting a growing acceptance of home-based food business in
the community, The findings of this study may be utilized by the Ministry of Health Malaysia
in developing evidence-based policies and regulatory frameworks for home-based commercial
food
Outcome-Based Education Series # 4 - Understanding and applying the Table of Specification (ToS)
Get PDFNurturing future leaders: reflections from the ASEAN Youth Camp 2025
No full textThis article is based on my experience as a member of the organizing committee for the youth camp held for minorities residing in ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) member countries. The camp was organized by the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) and chaired by Prof. Emeritus Dato’ Wira Dr. Jamil Osman, Director of Regional Cooperation at IIIT ESEA. Dr. Maulana Akbar Shah @ U Tun Aung from Myanmar and Dr. Alizaman Gamon from the Philippines were honoured to serve as directors of the three-day camp, which took place from 30th May to 1st June at the Institute Aminuddin Baki (IAB). The Malaysian Ministry of Education significantly contributed to the camp’s success by providing access to the venue, hostels, lecture hall, and other facilities at IAB. The cooperation and coordination of all involved parties were instrumental in ensuring that the camp successfully achieved its objectives
Enhancing stem interest and science stream enrolment among b40 students in rural Pahang, Malaysia through the STEMA garden module
Get PDFSTEM education is essential for future career readiness, yet rural B40 students in Pahang, Malaysia face challenges in accessing engaging and practical learning opportunities. This case study examines the STEMA Garden Module, an initiative designed to increase students' awareness of agriculture’s economic value, impart agricultural science and entrepreneurship knowledge, and enhance STEM and art interest through hands-on agricultural activities. Implemented at SMK Sg Lembing, Kuantan, the program engaged 82 Form 1 students, 7 teachers, and 17 university mentors, integrating an IoT-powered fertigation system, plant management, and agribusiness training. A mixed-methods approach was used, including pre- and post program surveys and teacher interviews. Findings revealed improvements were recorded in general interest in STEM education (Q1, p = 0.0011), the intention to further one’s studies in STEM (Q2,p = 0.0336), excitement and readiness to engage in hands-on activities (Q5, p = 0.0017), interest in learning how to think creatively to solve real-life problems (Q11, p = 0.0169), and interest in learning science and entrepreneurship to become an agropreneur (Q12, p 0.0093). The thematic analysis of teacher reflections highlighted technology-driven learning, project-based teaching, improved student engagement, entrepreneurial mindset development, and school-wide STEM transformation as key outcomes. Students gained practical exposure to agricultural technology and entrepreneurship, leading to their first harvest of 8.127 kg of chili, generating RM229.00 in revenue. Despite challenges such as fungal infections and WiFi interruptions affecting the IoT fertigation system, students demonstrated adaptability and problem-solving skills. This study highlights the potential of agriculture-based STEM education in fostering engagement, interdisciplinary learning, and real-world applications among rural area students. The STEMA Garden Module serves as a scalable model for integrating STEM with agriculture and entrepreneurship, making STEM education more accessible and relevant. Future implementations should explore long-term impact assessment and technological advancements to further enhance learning outcomes and STEM career aspiration