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Cross-media fake content detection via independent deep learning classifiers
No full textThe rapid advancement of generative models has enabled the creation of highly realistic fake multimedia content, including altered images, deepfake videos, and synthetic audio. These forgeries undermine information integrity and pose significant societal risks, especially by encouraging misinformation, digital fraud and impersonation. As these threats directly affect public trust and institutional transparency, they challenge the goals outlined in SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions, which focuses on reducing corruption, preserving information integrity, and ensuring accountable, trustworthy systems. To address these issues, this paper proposes a deep learning–based system that classifies multimedia content across three modalities, which are image, video, and audio. Unlike conventional multimodal fusion approaches that necessitate paired data inputs, this paper introduces a novel routing-based unification architecture. The suggested framework makes use of a content-adaptive routing mechanism that treats each modality independently. Using a dual-backbone Swin Transformer and EfficientNet for images, Video Swin Transformer for video, and Wav2Vec 2.0 for audio, the system automatically determines the type of input file and sends it to the relevant specialized deep learning classifier. This design allows for a versatile, single-entry-point forensic tool that maintains high accuracy by leveraging domain-specific experts without the computational overhead of processing multiple streams concurrently. Experimental results demonstrate strong performance across individual modalities, with the audio model achieving 96.95% accuracy and the image model showing robust precision despite challenges posed by high quality generative forgerie
A review and comparative analysis of predictive models for supply chain demand forecasting
No full textAccurate demand forecasting is critical to supply chain optimization, influence inventory management, production scheduling, and customer satisfaction. This paper presents a comparative analysis of traditional forecasting models and machine learning approaches for supply chain demand prediction. This study reviews key techniques, including statistical time-series models, supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms, ensemble methods, and deep learning architectures. Empirical evidence from retail, manufacturing, healthcare, and food sectors demonstrates their relative performance and practical applicability. Challenges such as data quality, model interpretability, and system integration are analysed, along with emerging trends in real-time adaptability, hybrid modelling, and explainable AI. By synthesizing current research and implementation insights, this work provides a comprehensive evaluation of existing methods, identifying their strengths, limitations, and future research directions to enhance data-driven demand forecasting in modern supply chains
Sacred trust and sustainable future: embedding tawhidic epistemology values in waqf enterprises
No full textThis study investigates the sustainability of waqf-based enterprises through the lens of tawhidic epistemology, positioning waqf not merely as a philanthropic mechanism but also as a divinely inspired economic model grounded in ubudiyyah (servitude to Allah), adl (justice), and intergenerational equity. The primary objective is to identify the underlying drivers that enable waqf enterprises to
sustain their operations while fulfilling their Shari’ah-compliant fiduciary and social mission. Adopting a qualitative methodology, this research draws on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 waqf managers from various Malaysian
states, selected for their leadership roles in managing active waqf entities across diverse institutional settings. Thematic analysis revealed five interdependent sustainability drivers: (1) value-based leadership rooted in taqwa (Godconsciousness), (2) collaborative governance that balances Shari’ah and
operational needs, (3) stakeholder trust and engagement, (4) adaptive innovation responsive to contemporary challenges, and (5) mission-centricity anchored in amanah (ethical stewardship). These findings contribute to both theoretical and
practical discourse by proposing a spiritually anchored sustainability model for waqf enterprises
Masuliyyah perniagaan sejuk beku with faith, resilience and responsibility
No full textPerniagaan Sejuk Beku Keluarga illustrates how an ordinary Malaysian home-based frozen food enterprise evolves into a model of sustainable micro-entrepreneurship amidst rising national expectations for responsible production. The case follows Maryam and Hussin, a couple whose rural upbringing, factory experience, and Islamic values gradually shape their transition toward Sustainable Production and Consumption (SPC) practices, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), and participation in the emerging circular economy. Initially driven by financial necessity after factory relocation, their journey expands into a deeper recognition of resource stewardship, waste minimisation, packaging accountability, and community-based recycling. Through guidance from government officers, former supervisors, respected religious teachers, neighbours, and local SPC champions, the couple progressively integrates systematic tracking, cleaner production, and eco-conscious branding into their operations. Their struggles—including rising costs, unexpected crises such as a freezer explosion, and gaps in documentation—become catalysts for organisational discipline and behavioural change. Supported by family, community members, and their children’s higher education, the business increasingly reflects national sustainability goals while remaining grounded in Qur’anic ethics of amanah (trust), shukr (grateful), ihsan (integritiy excellence), and avoidance of waste (la tusrifu). This case demonstrates how micro-businesses, even with limited resources, can meaningfully contribute to Malaysia’s transition toward a circular, responsible, and ethically driven econom
Design and preliminary evaluation of an immersive 3D stereoscopic simulation game for historical education: the Hindenburg disaster
No full textHistory education often relies on static text and images, offering limited opportunities for experiential learning about complex historical events. This study addresses this gap by designing and examining an immersive 3D stereoscopic simulation game centered on the 1937 Hindenburg disaster. The objectives were: (i) to model a historically informed 3D replica of the Hindenburg environment, (ii) to develop an interactive gameplay experience that situates players within the unfolding event, and (iii) to conduct a pilot evaluation of usability and perceived educational value. The game was developed using Blender for asset creation and Unreal Engine 5 for implementation, following an iterative pipeline of pre-production, production, and post-production. A toggleable stereoscopic mode was integrated to enhance depth perception and immersion. The pilot evaluation was conducted with four participants using functional testing and user-acceptance feedback. Results indicated that users found the application easy to navigate, immersive, and supportive of understanding the sequence and context of the disaster, while also identifying areas for improvement such as clearer guidance and expanded interaction features. These findings provide preliminary evidence that stereoscopic serious games can serve as promising supplementary tools for historical learning and motivate future refinement and larger-scale empirical evaluatio
Bukan malas, cuma terlebih beban: mengapa ramai pelajar ‘burnout’
No full textPelajar bukan malas tetapi menanggung beban kognitif, emosi, dan masa secara serentak sehingga menyebabkan keletihan melampau. Kandungan lebih padat dan teknologi memecut aliran maklumat, menyebabkan tekanan untuk sentiasa mengejar ilmu menjadi norma. Kekurangan latihan strategi pengurusan maklumat dan teknik belajar menjadikan usaha lama berjam-jam tidak berkesan. Penting beralih daripada menghukum kepada memahami, sediakan sokongan mental dan bimbingan akademik empati
The silent threat of sharp food injury: eggshell-associated acute epiglottitis in an adult
No full textAdult epiglottitis is a potentially life-threatening condition that may present without overt airway compromise. Trauma-induced supraglottitis from sharp food particles is uncommon but clinically significant. We report a 47-year-old man who developed progressive odynophagia, dysphagia and muffled voice two days after ingesting an eggshell fragment. He remained haemodynamically stable without stridor. Indirect laryngoscopy revealed a markedly oedematous and erythematous epiglottis with complete obliteration of the valleculae and slough over the base of tongue. Lateral neck radiograph demonstrated the classical thumb sign. Laboratory findings showed neutrophilic leukocytosis and elevated inflammatory markers. A diagnosis of trauma-induced acute epiglottitis was made. The patient was admitted for close airway monitoring and treated with intravenous ampicillin–sulbactam and dexamethasone, resulting in rapid clinical and endoscopic resolution. This case highlights that even minor mucosal injury from an eggshell fragment can precipitate significant supraglottic inflammation, underscoring the importance of early endoscopic evaluation and prompt management to prevent airway compromise
The role of said Nursi’s spiritual discourses in contextualizing Islamic moral psychology
No full textThe Ottoman Empire was deeply rooted in organized traditional spirituality, but the secularization of modern Turkey created significant challenges for traditional scholars and Sufi masters. Living through these turbulent times, Said Nursi chose neither confrontation nor isolation; instead, he pioneered a new form of spirituality grounded in Qur’anic reasoning and practical engagement. This study examines the role of Nursi’s spiritual discourses in contextualizing Islamic moral psychology, focusing on how spirituality shapes individual moral development. By integrating concepts such as divine inspiration, spiritual cognition, and shared practice, Nursi offers a comprehensive framework for moral transformation within the Islamic tradition. Through thematic and comparative analysis of Nursi’s primary works—particularly The Words—this research also evaluates the applicability of his ideas in modern religious counseling. In doing so, it highlights Nursi’s contribution to the broader project of contextualizing Islamic scholarship in response to modernity. Ultimately, the study argues that Nursi presents a holistic and contextually grounded model of Islamic moral psychology, effectively bridging the gap between spiritual tradition and contemporary moral discours
Diagnostic yield of CTPA and Wells Score utilization in pulmonary embolism assessment: experience from a Malaysian tertiary hospital
No full textIntroduction: Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) is the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE), though concerns about overuse persist. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated CTPA yield and Wells Score use in 361 adults at a Malaysian tertiary centre (May 2017–July 2021). Results: PE was confirmed in 29.6% of cases, above international benchmarks. While the Wells Score was applied in 78.5% of cases, only 32.1% adhered strictly to local guidelines. Conclusion: CTPA was not overutilized, but there is a gap between recommended clinical pathways and real-world decision-making, highlighting the need to standardize practice to improve diagnostic efficiency and support evidence-based care
