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Nushūz in Islamic family law: a comparative study between Afghanistan and Malaysia = النشوز في قانون الأسرة الإسلامي: دراسة مقارنة بين أفغانستان وماليزيا
No full textIssues of nushūz (marital disobedience) constitute one of the major challenges in Islamic jurisprudence and family law due to their direct impact on family stability and the rights of both spouses—especially in societies where the interaction between Sharīʿah texts, social customs, and modern legislation is complex. Most previous studies have been limited either to theoretical jurisprudential discussions or to isolated local experiences, with a lack of in-depth comparative research between Muslim countries that have differing legal systems, such as Afghanistan and Malaysia. This study aims to analyze and address nushūz cases through a comparative examination of the Sharīʿah judiciary in Afghanistan and Malaysia, in order to reveal how Islamic jurisprudence interacts with local customs or modern laws, and to clarify the gap between legal texts and practical application. The research adopts a comparative analytical methodology based on the analysis of jurisprudential texts, official legislations, and international reports, alongside a review of selected judicial rulings from both countries. It also employs critical analysis of the textual evidence. The findings show that the Afghan system is deeply influenced by tribal traditions that undermine legal safeguards for women, whereas the Malaysian system provides a more structured institutional framework through codified nushūz provisions and procedural guarantees—although disparities in implementation persist among states. This study contributes to the scholarly literature by presenting a comparative model that highlights the influence of social and legal contexts on the application of nushūz rulings, and it recommends legislative and judicial reforms that strike a balance between the objectives of Sharīʿah and the demands of contemporary justice.
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تشكّل قضايا النشوز أحد أبرز التحديات في الفقه الإسلامي والقانون الأسري، لما لها من انعكاسات مباشرة على استقرار الأسرة وحقوق الزوجين، خاصة في المجتمعات التي تواجه تداخلا بين النصوص الشرعية والأعراف أو التشريعات الحديثة .معظم الدراسات السابقة اقتصرت إما على الجانب الفقهي النظري أو على تجارب محلية منفردة، مع غياب دراسات مقارنة معمقة بين دول إسلامية ذات أنظمة قانونية متباينة، مثل أفغانستان وماليزيا. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل ومعالجة قضايا النشوز من خلال مقارنة القضاء الشرعي في أفغانستان وماليزيا، للكشف عن كيفية تفاعل الفقه الإسلامي مع الأعراف المحلية أو التشريعات الحديثة، واستجلاء الفجوة بين النصوص والتطبيق. اعتمد البحث على منهج مقارن تحليلي، بالاستناد إلى تحليل النصوص الفقهية والتشريعات الرسمية والتقارير الدولية، مع مراجعة أحكام قضائية مختارة من كلا البلدين كما يقوم البحث على التحليل النقدي للنصوص. أظهرت الدراسة أن النظام الأفغاني يتأثر بعمق بالأعراف القبلية التي تضعف الضمانات القانونية للمرأة، في حين يقدم النظام الماليزي إطارًا مؤسسيًا أكثر تنظيمًا عبر تقنين النشوز وضمانات إجرائية، لكنه يعاني من تفاوت في التطبيق بين الولايات. تسهم الدراسة في إثراء الأدبيات العلمية عبر تقديم نموذج مقارن يكشف أثر السياق الاجتماعي والقانوني على تطبيق أحكام النشوز، وتوصي بضرورة إصلاح تشريعي وقضائي يوازن بين مقاصد الشريعة ومتطلبات العدالة المعاصرة
RPTM buka ruang pendidikan tinggi lebih beradab, berperikemanusiaan
No full textPELAKSANAAN Rancangan Pendidikan Tinggi Malaysia (RPTM) 2026-2035 menandakan anjakan falsafah yang signifikan dalam landskap pendidikan tinggi negara. Pelan ini memperlihatkan peralihan jelas daripada paradigma pendidikan tinggi yang berorientasikan keperluan pasaran dan kebolehpasaran graduan semata-mata kepada kerangka lebih menyeluruh, berteraskan kemanusiaan, nilai, kesejahteraan holistik dan kemampanan. Universiti tidak lagi sebagai institusi pengeluaran tenaga kerja berkemahiran tetapi sebagai wahana pembinaan insan, masyarakat dan peradaban yang memikul tanggungjawab moral terhadap masa hadapan negara
Assessment of spiritual care competency among nurses in Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre: a cross-sectional study
No full textSpiritual care, which is considered a significant part of holistic nursing care, involves nurses to fulfil the patients’ emotional, psychological, and spiritual needs. Spiritual care competency is an important aspect in maximising the quality of care to the patients and encouraging professionalism. This study aimed to assess the level of spiritual care competency among nurses in Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre (SASMEC), and the association between sociodemographic factors with the level of spiritual care competency. This was a quantitative cross-sectional study conducted among 155 nurses from SASMEC IIUM using self-administered questionnaires, which included sociodemographic factors, the Spiritual Care Competency Scale (SCCS). Descriptive statistics, Chi Square Test, and Pearson Correlation Test were used in data analysis via SPSS version 27. The majority of the nurses in SASMEC IIUM perceived high levels of competency (99.4%). The highest mean difference among the domains were assessment and implementation of spiritual care (MD=12.368), and personal support and patient counselling (MD=12.368) while the lowest mean difference was communication (MD=4.155). Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between spiritual care competence and sociodemographic factors (age, marital status, educational level, nurses’ experience, race, religion, and previous participation in training spiritual care programs), except for gender (p<0.05) in which females acquired higher competency level than males. This study may help healthcare organizations and educational institutions to develop and implement strategies in enhancing and polishing the standard of spiritual care among nurses. Future studies are recommended to explain the natural association between sociodemographic factors and spiritual care competence
Islamic finance and climate action: ethics, environmental stewardship and sustainability
No full textIn the face of unprecedented global warming and escalating environmental crises, this book offers a comprehensive investigation into the ways Islamic financial principles can contribute to combating climate change. It delves into the significant potential of the Islamic finance industry and showcases its capacity for sustainable and ethical investment that aligns with the global climate change agenda.
The book meticulously discusses the role Islamic finance can play in developing low-carbon and climate-resilient infrastructure, providing readers with a rich blend of theoretical insights and practical methodologies. It underscores the harmony between Islamic ethical finance and ecological care, highlighting their joint role in funding renewable energy and fostering resilient communities. Through insightful case studies and analyses, it positions Islamic finance as a vital player in global climate initiatives. Introducing innovative instruments like green Sukuk and evaluating Waqf (endowment) for eco-projects, it critically reviews how Islamic financial institutions can further drive climate-positive investments, providing a framework of Islamic climate finance. It analyses the law and policies of Islamic finance governing climate action and puts forward a strategic action plan.
Aimed at scholars, researchers, and academics, this book is an invaluable resource for those seeking to understand and implement Islamic financial solutions in the battle against the global climate crisis. It also serves as an essential guide for policymakers and practitioners committed to steering financial practices towards more sustainable and globally beneficial outcomes, ultimately providing strategic knowledge and practical tools to mobilize resources effectively for the planet’s future
Qualitative exploration of manual dental records in the digital era using sociotechnical systems theory: insights from a teaching dental institution
No full textBackground: Dental records are essential repositories of patient information that support diagnosis, treatment planning, continuity of care, and medicolegal accountability, making them a fundamental component of safe, effective, and transparent dental practices. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of academic and nonacademic clinical staff regarding a paper-based patient record system at a Malaysian public dental institute.
Methods: A qualitative phenomenological design underpinned by the sociotechnical systems theory was employed. Purposive sampling recruited 20 full-time staff (10 academic, 10 nonacademic) with at least 1 year of experience using the manual record system and no prior training in electronic dental records. Semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were conducted between May 2025 and October 2025, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. Rigor was enhanced through independent coding, member checking, reflexive journaling, and adherence to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.
Results: Four main themes were identified: (1) inefficiency and accessibility challenges; (2) accuracy, legibility, and record integrity; (3) continuity of care and patient safety risks; and (4) desire for digital transition and system improvements.
Conclusion: Although manual paper-based dental records remain central to documentation in teaching dental institutions, they present growing inefficiencies and safety concerns, highlighting the need for sociotechnical-informed strategies that align human processes, technology, and institutional support to enhance record-keeping and patient care
From colour to cure: unveiling the antimicrobial power of plant pigments
No full textPlant pigments, including carotenoids, chlorophyll, and betalains, are a diverse group of compounds with unique chemical structures that contribute to their vibrant colours and potential antimicrobial properties. These properties have found applications in the food industry for extending the shelf life of perishable goods and enhancing food safety. Moreover, the incorporation of plant pigment extracts or derivatives into
pharmaceutical formulations holds promise for combating drug-resistant microbes. This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of selected plant pigments using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Chlorophyll, extracted from green algae (Chlorella vulgaris; C. vulgaris), exhibited a potent bactericidal activity against both Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) at a concentration of 2.5 µg/µL. Similarly, bixin, extracted from annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seeds, also exhibited bactericidal activity by effectively inhibiting S. aureus and E.
coli at concentrations of 5 µg/µL and 2.5 µg/µL, respectively. In contrast, the remaining four plant extracts required concentrations of ≥ 5 µg/µL to inhibit the growth of both microbes. These findings highlight the potential of natural pigments as sustainable alternatives to synthetic antibiotics, offering a multitude of benefits beyond their colour. Further
research is crucial to unravel the complex relationship between the structural diversity of plant pigments and their antimicrobial activity
The science and applications of natural red pigments: from extraction to innovation
No full textThis book chapter explores the significance of natural red pigments, focusing on their sources, extraction methods, applications, challenges, and future prospects. Natural red pigments, derived from various plant, microbial, and animal sources, have been used historically in food, cosmetics, textiles, and pharmaceuticals due to their vibrant hues and
potential health benefits. The chapter examines key natural red pigments, such as betalains, anthocyanins, and carotenoids, highlighting their distinct chemical properties and diverse uses across industries. The extraction processes, ranging from traditional methods to advanced technologies like supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and microwaveassisted extraction (MAE), are also discussed in-depth. These techniques not only improve efficiency but also address challenges related to sustainability, yield, and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, the chapter addresses the growing demand for natural colourants, driven by consumer preferences for clean-label and eco-friendly products, and the need to replace synthetic dyes that pose health and environmental risks. Despite their advantages, natural red pigments face challenges in terms of stability, cost, and sourcing. Issues like light degradation and temperature sensitivity impact their effectiveness, while the sourcing of raw materials raises ethical and environmental concerns. The chapter provides insight into innovative solutions, such as biotechnologicaladvancements, microbial fermentation, and synthetic biology, which offer promising alternatives for mass production. Looking ahead, the future of natural red pigments is promising, with advancements in biotechnology, sustainable sourcing, and consumer awareness driving innovation. The chapter concludes by exploring the potential for natural pigments in emerging markets, as well as the ongoing research needed to further develop cost-effective, stable, and scalable natural colourants. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of natural red pigments and their growing role in a sustainable, eco-conscious future
Exploring the phytochemistry of Hanguana malayana (Jack) Merr. from Terengganu freshwater swamp in Malaysia
No full textA freshwater shrub produces a wide range of bioactive compounds, and interest in utilizing its phytochemistry is growing rapidly. Meanwhile, exploiting phenolic compounds for the natural product industry could lead to more sustainable biochemistry studies. This study aimed to assess
the phytochemistry of Hanguana malayana (Jack) Merr. from Terengganu freshwater swamps as potential pharmaceutical ingredients. Volatile compounds (GCTOF-MS analysis), phenolic acid profiles (HPLC analysis), and antimicrobial activities were determined in H. malayana leaf samples collected from freshwater swamp or heath forest in Terengganu, Malaysia. Using different solvents such as hexane, butanol, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extract, alkaline extraction was carried out. The GCTOF-MS findings determined 20 compounds from various chemical groups; nonetheless, just two phenolic compounds were found in the ethyl acetate (phenol and 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- (C14H22O)) and ethanol extracts (phenol (C6H6O)). The total phenolic compound content was 477.98±6.02 µg GAE/g DW. The highest phenolic acids were also identified, namely caffeic acid (3375.23 µg/g DW), coumaric acid (794.68 µg/g DW), ferulic acid (1333.33 µg/g DW), 2-coumaric acid (124.43 µg/g DW), as well as 3-coumaric acid (100.45 µg/g DW). The findings demonstrated that H. malayana antibacterial has strong antibacterial effects against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, MRSA, and P. aeruginosa, as well as its antifungal
activity against C. albicans, Fusarium sp., and M. gypsum. Therefore, H. malayana may have the potential to act as a source of valuable pharmaceuticals due to its phytochemical ingredients, which, at the same time, will be a vital aspect of ecological resilience
Implementation of digital fuzzy time series Markov Chain in price forecasting and investment risk analysis with value at risk
No full textThis study aims to provide a comprehensive model to assist investors in strategic decision-making amid market uncertainty. Global economic uncertainty characterized by cycles of stagflation and recession has recurred in history and is expected to recur until 2025. This condition encourages the importance of investment strategies that can protect asset values from economic pressures. This study uses a quantitative approach with forecasting methods and risk analysis based on time series data. The data used are daily gold and silver prices from the London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) in USD, collected over a two-year period, namely from January 3, 2023 to January 4, 2025. The data is secondary and obtained from the official LBMA website. The research stages begin with a literature study to understand relevant concepts and methods, followed by data collection, and continued with data preprocessing. The preprocessing stages include checking for outliers, handling missing values using the series mean method, and merging data for temporal consistency. For the forecasting process, the Fuzzy Time Series–Markov Chain method is used, which consists of several steps: the formation of universe and interval sets using the Sturges formula, the definition of fuzzy sets, the fuzzification process, the formation of Fuzzy Logical Relationships (FLR) and Fuzzy Logical Relationship Groups (FLRG), and the preparation of transition probability matrices. The forecasting results are obtained through the defuzzification process, which are then evaluated using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) indicator to assess the accuracy of the model. Risk analysis is carried out using the Value at Risk (VaR) approach using the Extreme Value Theory (EVT) method and the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD). The entire analysis process is carried out using Microsoft Excel and RStudio software to ensure accuracy and efficiency in data processing and statistical modeling. This study has succeeded in developing a hybrid Fuzzy Time Series–Markov Chain model to forecast precious metal prices, especially gold and silver, with a very high level of accuracy. Based on an evaluation of various training and testing data proportions, the best model was obtained at a 95:5 ratio, with MAPE values of 0.66% for gold and 1.18% for silver in the training data, and 0.55% and 0.94% in the testing data. These results indicate that the model is able to effectively capture historical price patterns and provide predictions close to the actual valu
Berita Debunked: real-time fake news detection and alert system
No full textBeritaDebunked is an AI-driven near real-time fake news detection and alert system designed to combat misinformation in Malaysia, particularly on platforms such as WhatsApp. The system combines natural language processing and multimodal deep learning by using BERT for textual analysis and BLIP-2 for image–text evaluation. Deployed as a browser extension, it flags suspicious messages and allows continuous model updates through a scalable backend. Evaluation on the Fakeddit benchmark dataset demonstrates that the proposed hybrid architecture achieves an accuracy of (83.3%), with a precision of (82.6%) and an F1-score of (84.9)%. While unimodal text baselines achieved marginally lower raw accuracy (82.9%), the hybrid model demonstrates superior robustness in detecting multimodal context mismatches. The system demonstrates real-time capability with an average inference latency of 56.42 ms. By enabling timely detection and user-friendly alerts, BeritaDebunked aims to support digital literacy efforts, reduce the spread of misinformation, and contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 16 by strengthening information integrit