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Care, Inequality and Wellbeing in Transnational Families in Europe, 2022-2024
No full textThis research project investigated the relationships between care, inequalities and wellbeing among different generations of transnational families in the UK, Spain, France and Sweden.
‘Transnational families’ are family groups where one or more family members spend all or most of their time geographically separated across borders, but share a collective sense of connection as a ‘family’. This project established a new transnational interdisciplinary network across the four partner countries. The network built the capacity of migrants and practitioners through developing research skills and co-producing knowledge. It also built the capacity of early career and established academics through mutual learning in participatory and ethnographic approaches.
The consortium facilitated comparative research that is influencing policy and practice changes to improve the equality and wellbeing of migrant carers of different generations. The research has shown that transnational families simultaneously manage multiple caring responsibilities, both proximately for family members, and by caring at a distance for kin living in other countries. Families’ opportunities and access to social protection are shaped by intersecting inequalities based on legal status, nationality, race and ethnicity, disability/chronic illness, socio-economic status, language-related inequalities, gender and generation.
The physical and mental health, economic, social and emotional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic were interlinked for migrants and led to the further marginalisation of transnational families, particularly those with insecure legal status and low socio-economic status. The deficits of migration and care regimes, alongside the absence of kin, create the need for children and youth to take on caring roles in transnational families. Children’s care work is often invisible, but may be crucial in enabling parents/relatives to fill gaps in care provision, facilitating access to public services through language and digital brokering. The accelerated shift towards digital technology becoming the primary gateway to access public services particularly affects older generations and those with low levels of literacy or language proficiency in the dominant societal language and increases the reliance on younger generations.
The research highlighted several barriers to accessing affordable, appropriate and high-quality language education provision. Negative impacts of caregiving were evidenced among middle and younger generations in terms of their education, employment and finances, family relationships, social participation, health and wellbeing. Such impacts could have significant implications for carers’ long term opportunities and wellbeing, especially among transnational families with high care needs who were already facing financial hardships and insecurity.
Policy recommendations focus on levelling out inequalities, expanding the definition of ‘family’ in reunification policies, recognising children’s care work in transnational families, making public services more accessible, welcoming and inclusive for migrant carers and their families.
The findings across the four countries have been published in an open access Report (Summary also available in French, Spanish and Swedish), 4 Policy Briefs and 11 academic articles to date, 13 accessible film outputs and disseminated through regional workshops, an international Symposium and professional networks. We guest-edited a special issue of Population, Space and Place journal on ‘Intergenerational care, inequalities and wellbeing among transnational families in Europe’, which includes 5 papers based on the findings.This innovative comparative research project investigated the relationships between care, inequalities and wellbeing among different generations of transnational families in the UK, Spain, France & Sweden. The COVID-19 crisis has brought into stark relief the care deficits many European countries are confronting as ageing societies, with low-paid women migrants often filling gaps in formal care provision, while their own caring responsibilities for kin are often overlooked. Demographic shifts due to population ageing and increased international migration are leading to major changes in the provision of care, social protection and intergenerational responsibilities. These transformations may exacerbate existing inequalities facing migrant families with care needs. The project compared migrant carers' and transnational families' experiences within four partner countries with contrasting welfare models, migration regimes and post-colonial legacies. Using a multi-sited family-focused ethnographic & participatory action research methodology, we worked with partner organisations to train migrant peer researchers and supported them to undertake research with families, building trust and capacity within communities. We selected a diverse sample of 124 transnational families with care needs (total of 323 participants) of different ethnicities and varying legal status from two contrasting regions in each country and with family members living in countries of origin/other countries. We also selected 20 case study families for in-depth ethnographic research. The study provided unique insights into how family care practices are negotiated between and within different generations of transnational families in Europe, while also considering their family ties in countries of origin. This timely project captured the health, economic, social & emotional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on transnational families, including changing intergenerational caring responsibilities and mobility strategies. It explored the impacts of care on younger, middle and older generations' wellbeing and opportunities and how social reproductive and productive work are shaped by intersecting inequalities of gender, age and generation, disability, race, ethnicity/cultural background and socio-economic & legal status. It included a specific focus on young caregiving and how this affects children's wellbeing, education and opportunities. This interdisciplinary project also explored how language barriers may perpetuate inequalities facing transnational carers and how younger generations may provide 'language-brokering' and help older family members to navigate bureaucratic legal and administrative systems to claim their rights. The project will achieve significant societal impacts by providing a valuable evidence-base to inform policy in improving the wellbeing and equality of transnational families in Europe. It ihas shared the learning in practice through the co-production of policy and practice films and documentaries that raise awareness and support young and adult carers in transnational families. The findings and outputs have been disseminated through community screenings, regional stakeholder workshops, key academic and practitioner conferences and an international interdisciplinary Symposium. The project will produce numerous high impact journal articles in the fields of migration studies, social and emotional geographies, childhood and youth studies, family sociology, sociolinguistics and migrant language education and a co-edited volume. The dataset will be archived for future researchers' use.</p
1970 British Cohort Study: Age 51, Sweep 11 Geographical Identifiers, 2011 Census Boundaries, 2021-2024: Secure Access
No full textAbstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) is a longitudinal birth cohort study, following a nationally representative sample of over 17,000 people born in England, Scotland and Wales in a single week of 1970. Cohort members have been surveyed throughout their childhood and adult lives, mapping their individual trajectories and creating a unique resource for researchers. It is one of very few longitudinal studies following people of this generation anywhere in the world.Since 1970, cohort members have been surveyed at ages 5, 10, 16, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42, 46, and 51. Featuring a range of objective measures and rich self-reported data, BCS70 covers an incredible amount of ground and can be used in research on many topics. Evidence from BCS70 has illuminated important issues for our society across five decades. Key findings include how reading for pleasure matters for children's cognitive development, why grammar schools have not reduced social inequalities, and how childhood experiences can impact on mental health in mid-life. Every day researchers from across the scientific community are using this important study to make new connections and discoveries.BCS70 is run by the Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS), a research centre in the UCL Institute of Education, which is part of University College London. The content of BCS70 studies, including questions, topics and variables can be explored via the CLOSER Discovery website.How to access genetic and/or bio-medical sample data from a range of longitudinal surveys:For information on how to access biomedical data from BCS70 that are not held at the UKDS, see the CLS Genetic data and biological samples webpage.Polygenic IndicesPolygenic indices are available under Special Licence SN 9439. Derived summary scores have been created that combine the estimated effects of many different genes on a specific trait or characteristic, such as a person's risk of Alzheimer's disease, asthma, substance abuse, or mental health disorders, for example. These polygenic scores can be combined with existing survey data to offer a more nuanced understanding of how cohort members' outcomes may be shaped.Secure Access datasetsSecure Access versions of BCS70 have more restrictive access conditions than versions available under the standard Safeguarded Licence.SN 9391 - 1970 British Cohort Study: Age 51, Sweep 11 Geographical Identifiers, 2011 Census Boundaries, 2021-2024: Secure Access includes detailed geographical variables from the BCS70 Age 51 Sweep 11 that can be linked to the main End User Licence data, available under SN 9347 - 1970 British Cohort Study: Age 51, Sweep 11, 2021-2024. The Age 51, Sweep 11 2021 Census Boundaries are available under SN 9392.International Data Access Network (IDAN)These data are now available to researchers based outside the UK. Selected UKDS SecureLab/controlled datasets from the Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER) and the Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS) have been made available under the International Data Access Network (IDAN) scheme, via a Safe Room access point at one of the UKDS IDAN partners. Prospective users should read the UKDS SecureLab application guide for non-ONS data for researchers outside of the UK via Safe Room Remote Desktop Access. Further details about the IDAN scheme can be found on the UKDS International Data Access Network webpage and on the IDAN website.Main Topics:The 1970 British Cohort Study: Age 51, Sweep 11 Geographical Identifiers, 2011 Census Boundaries, 2021-2024: Secure Access includes the following variables:
CountryDecember 2020 RegionMay 2023 WardJanuary 2003 Census Area Statistics WardApril 2023 Local AuthorityJuly 2024 Westminster Parliamentary ConstituencyIndex of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) Overall Rank England 2019, Scotland 2020, Wales 2019, Northern Ireland 2017IMD Overall Rank Decile2011 Output Area2011 Lower Super Output Area2011 Middle Super Output Area2011 Workplace zones 2011 Output Area Classification2011 Rural-Urban Classification</ul
Development and Acceptability Testing: Relationships and Sexuality in Intellectual Disability Education Project, 2023-2025
No full textIn an earlier phase of this research, we asked children and young people with intellectual disabilities, parents of children and young people with intellectual disabilities, and healthcare and education professionals, about their Relationships and Sexuality Education (RSE) needs. We found that children and young people with intellectual disabilities want education and information to develop their knowledge and understanding regarding friendships, relationships and the expression of their sexuality. Parents and professionals recognise the need for children and young people with intellectual disabilities to have access to education that is tailored and specific to their individual needs. In this phase of the research we developed and tested the acceptability of our online RESIDE programme. RESIDE comprises seven topics which portray RSE topics our previous research identified as of importance. These include friendship, family, personal safety and social media, individual health and well-being, respect and consent, puberty, and embracing sex and parenthood. Each topic includes three steps: Step 1, Step 2, Step 3. Every step includes learning objectives, an animated video, discussion points and activities.
We will test acceptability of the newly developed RESIDE programme with children and young people with intellectual disabilities, parents of children and young people with intellectual disabilities, and teachers, school nurses, etc who teach RSE (hereafter referred to as professionals), in special schools across England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The professionals will deliver the RESIDE programme to pupils over a four-week period. Acceptability will be achieved via an online acceptability questionnaire and semi-structured individual interviews.In an earlier phase of this research, we asked children and young people with intellectual disabilities, parents of children and young people with intellectual disabilities, and healthcare and education professionals, about their Relationships and Sexuality Education (RSE) needs. We found that children and young people with intellectual disabilities want education and information to develop their knowledge and understanding regarding friendships, relationships and the expression of their sexuality. Parents and professionals recognise the need for children and young people with intellectual disabilities to have access to education that is tailored and specific to their individual needs. In this phase of the research we developed and tested the acceptability of our online RESIDE programme. RESIDE comprises seven topics which portray RSE topics our previous research identified as of importance. These include friendship, family, personal safety and social media, individual health and well-being, respect and consent, puberty, and embracing sex and parenthood. Each topic includes three steps: Step 1, Step 2, Step 3. Every step includes learning objectives, an animated video, discussion points and activities.
We will test acceptability of the newly developed RESIDE programme with children and young people with intellectual disabilities, parents of children and young people with intellectual disabilities, and teachers, school nurses, etc who teach RSE (hereafter referred to as professionals), in special schools across England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The professionals will deliver the RESIDE programme to pupils over a four-week period. Acceptability will be achieved via an online acceptability questionnaire and semi-structured individual interviews.</p
Influencing Factors of Telemedicine Service in Bangladesh, 2024
No full textThe study explores the factors influencing the adoption of telemedicine services in Bangladesh. A quantitative approach was employed with a semi-structured questionnaire.
Key findings indicate that trust and perceived usefulness are the strongest predictors of telemedicine adoption, while perceived ease of use also plays a significant role. Resistance to use was not significant, likely due to the urgency caused by COVID-19. However, perceived risk and technology anxiety negatively impacted adoption, highlighting concerns over data security and digital literacy. Surprisingly, social influence and facilitating conditions did not significantly affect adoption.
The study suggests that addressing security concerns, improving digital literacy, and enhancing user-friendliness are critical for increasing telemedicine adoption in Bangladesh
Science Education Tracker, 2023
No full textAbstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. The Science Education Tracker, 2023 (SET 2023) is the third survey in a series of studies which track evidence on key indicators for science engagement, education, and career aspirations among young people in England. Although the surveys are part of the same series, the commissioning and funding arrangements for the series have changed over time. The first two surveys were conducted in 2016 (SET 2016) and 2019 (SET 2019), when the survey was known as the Wellcome Science Tracker. The survey series was initially commissioned by Wellcome with support from the Department for Education (DfE), the Royal Society and the (then) Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS). Wellcome also commissioned the 2019 survey, which was supported by the Royal Society, DfE, and UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). For SET 2023, Wellcome provided the Royal Society with a grant to manage the project, who in turn commissioned EngineeringUK to manage the research for the project, and the name of the study is now Science Education Tracker.All surveys since 2016 have been carried out by Verian, formerly known as Kantar Public.
The SET 2023 survey covered 7,256 students in school years 7-13 in state funded schools across England, which represents a sample of c.1,000 students per school year. This was based on a similar survey design to SET 2019. As in previous SET surveys, all survey data were collected via an online survey platform. The survey was branded the Pathways Survey in all correspondence with young people.Main Topics:Key indicators for science engagement, education, and career aspirations among young people in school years 7-13 in England.</p
Centre for Time Use Research UK Time Use Survey, March 2023
No full textAbstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Centre for Time Use Research (CTUR) Time Use Survey conducted in March 2023 is a UK representative survey of UK adults aged 18+ (N=2179) collected using a multi-field digital time-use diary design that corresponds to the information collected in best practice pen-and-paper designs such as the Harmonised European Time Use Survey (HETUS). A general-purpose time use survey design, incorporating multiple continuous independent diary fields, is important because it offers both continuity with historically collected time use diary data and versatility, providing data for a wide-ranging and still growing corpus of substantive research and policy applications.
The online diary design developed at the CTUR (the Extended Light Diary Digital Instrument - ELiDDI) mimics the ‘light diary’ visually intuitive interface, and including all the fields and activities of the HETUS diary. It builds on and is compatible with the previous CaDDI online diary design used for the Centre for Time Use Research (CTUR) UK Time Use Survey 6-Wave Sequence across the COVID-19 Pandemic 2016-2021(UKDS Study ID 8741). Methodological work to date suggests that this visually intuitive design does not lead to an erosion of data quality or increased respondent burden.
The nationally representative survey was conducted in March 2023 in a 3-way collaboration between CTUR, Dynata (a leading international market research agency conforming to the Market Research Society's ethical code who designed the digital diary interface) and the National Centre for Social Research (NatCen), who provided the UK representative sample and ran the logistics of the data collection exercise.
Respondents were invited to complete 2 diaries, one on a randomly sampled weekday, one on a weekend day, recording activities, location, co-presence, device use, and enjoyment across continuous 10-minute episodes throughout the diary day. The accompanying background questionnaire collected information on the standard socio-demographic variables, and a diary day questionnaire included additional information about each diary day.Latest edition informationFor the second edition (August 2025), updated data files and accompanying documentation, and a new technical report providing technical details about the data collection, have been added. The updated dataset also includes two additional variables: panel_psu (Panel Primary Sampling Unit identifier) and panel_strata (Stratum identifier for panel sampling design).Including these new variables allows users to exactly specify the survey design, which is advisable for computing accurate confidence intervals, hypothesis tests, and regression standard errors.In Stata, the survey design can be declared using the following command:svyset panel_psu [pweight=rweight], strata(panel_strata)Main Topics:
Full general-purpose online time use diary survey, with the same diary fields as the Harmonised European Time Use Survey (HETUS)primary activitysecondary activitylocationco-presencedevice useenjoyment.</ul
I-Can-Do : Developing Digital Accessibility for the Dementia Volunteer Service using Co-Design, 2023-2024
No full textDementia is a key health priority. With no cure, there is a need for psychosocial interventions at the early stages, to help people maintain their health, wellbeing and independence as long as possible. The ICanDo Service allows people living with mild dementia to plan, connect with and participate in tailored volunteering opportunities to realise themselves and stay connected to the society. While we successfully trialled the service in 2022, we identified two shortcomings:
1. The previous I-Can-Do Service model helped to identify participants interests, but provided limited support to participants during volunteering. The research revealed that the implementation of the ICanDo Service requires a number of further support measures, including training, assistance and regular reviews to support and safeguard participants of the service appropriately.
2. The physical booklet used in the sessions was not fully utilised. As a result, the recommendation arose to develop a complementary interactive digital version of the booklet to enable sharing notes and actions with all relevant users and stakeholders involved in delivering the service.
The aims of this project were to co-develop the ICanDo Service model and an interactive digital workbook to make it more accessible, user-friendly and scalable. This project is made up of two parts:
1. The full-service model and the ICanDo Service trial.
2. The development of the digital prototype.
Co-design is an approach that actively involves all relevant stakeholders to develop design ideas, make design decisions, and develop workable products. The underlying idea is to design with all stakeholders to help sure the result meets their needs and is usable. Insights from the previous sessions were presented in subsequent co-design sessions to explore speculative design ideas in an iterative process. 11 co-design sessions were conducted with people with dementia, care partners, care and volunteer professionals and those with volunteering experience.
This Open Access folder includes all data generated for the development of the digital prototype and the full-service model.With rising numbers of cases, dementia is a key health priority. With no cure, there is a need for psychosocial interventions, especially at the early stages, to help people maintain their health, wellbeing and independence as long as possible. The challenge for supporting people at the early stages of dementia is in providing an individualised and tailored offer of activities in their local community that meets their interests and needs, that is not perceived at stigmatising, and that allows them to make a contribution for which they feel valued.
The IDoService offers such a novel and innovative programme. It supports people with a recent diagnosis of dementia in identifying, participating and contributing to social activities in their community by connecting them to local volunteer services. The Service is built around a core 3-session plan, delivered by the wellbeing mentor, which allows people to explore their strengths and interests, get to know what is available locally and to decide what they want to do in a safe and convivial way. We have successfully trialled the service with Age UK Salford in 2022. We propose now to develop an interactive digital version to make it more user-friendly and easily scalable.</p
It’s Inevitable That Open Access Will Simply Expand: Key Considerations for the Growth of Open Access Hubs: Interview Data, 2024
No full textOpen access (OA) hubs have become pivotal in democratising academic knowledge and fostering global accessibility to research. These digital platforms allow unrestricted sharing of scholarly work, bridging gaps in access to academic resources. Despite their transformative potential, the adoption and sustainability of OA hubs face significant challenges, including legal complexities, ethical dilemmas, technical barriers, and disciplinary disparities.
This study explores these multifaceted issues through qualitative interviews with 11 experts involved in OA initiatives, employing an expert sampling design. A total of 45 individuals were invited to participate, with 11 ultimately taking part. The interviews had an approximate average length of 90 minutes. To ensure confidentiality, all identifying information was removed from the interview transcripts. Additionally, one participant requested that all his information be excluded from the final transcripts, and this request was honoured.
The findings reveal strategies to address copyright concerns, enhance usability, and foster inclusivity. They underscore the critical importance of embedding equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) principles within OA practices while advocating for robust funding models to ensure long-term sustainability. By addressing these challenges, OA hubs can evolve to support a more equitable and accessible academic publishing landscape. By prioritising sustainability and inclusivity, OA platforms can fulfil their potential to revolutionise scholarly communication, paving the way for a more equitable and accessible academic landscape.Open access hubs, including platforms like ArXiv, REPEC, SocArxiv, CrimRxiv, and institutional repositories, provide free and unrestricted access to preprint and postprint versions of academic publications. By offering an alternative to traditional peer reviewed journals, often owned by commercial publishers, through light-touch moderation these platforms accelerate the dissemination of academic work and enhance global accessibility.
However, open access hubs are not yet widely adopted in many fields, particularly in the Humanities and Social Sciences. This project investigates the legal, ethical, and technical challenges of establishing and maintaining online repositories for open access to academic literature.
Using semi-structured qualitative interviews with experts—such as open access hub founders, academic librarians, and leaders in the open science movement—the project explores:
- The legal challenges faced by open access platforms.
- Key ethical considerations involved in their operation.
- Technical barriers to wider usability and adoption.
The study identifies strategies to address these challenges and aims to inspire the development and growth of open access hubs within the social sciences. By drawing on lessons from existing platforms, the project contributes to a more inclusive, accessible, and efficient academic publishing landscape.</p
Harmonised Diabetes in the National Child Development Study, 1970 British Cohort Study, Next Steps and Millennium Cohort Study, 1965-2024
No full textAbstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Harmonised Data in Five National Longitudinal Cohort Studies project, supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), brings together data from five British cohort studies: the 1946 National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD), the 1958 National Child Development Survey (NCDS), the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), Next Steps (formerly the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England), and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). NCDS, BCS70, Next Steps, and MCS receive core funding from the ESRC and are hosted by the Centre for Longitudinal Studies at UCL. NSHD is funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC) and is hosted by the Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL.The Diabetes Harmonisation project aimed to document all self-reported measures related to diabetes in these five British cohort studies and produce harmonised indicators of self-reported diabetes through retrospective harmonisation. This harmonisation serves two primary purposes: improving the measurement of diabetes (as an outcome, predictor, or control variable) within cohort analyses, and facilitating cross-cohort research on diabetes using these rich datasets.Separate longitudinal datasets were created for each cohort, focusing on self-reported data with some information derived from doctors' reports and medical records. Biomarkers and linked health data were not included. Focus was given to measures that were administered to entire cohorts only and on the diabetes status of cohort members themselves (not their parents or children).Harmonised diabetes data for the MRC National Survey of Health and Development are available under Special Licence from SN 9421.Main Topics:The following four data files are included:harmonised_diabetes_ncds: harmonised indicators of self-reported diabetes in the 1958 NCDS and includes sweep-specific indicators, derived cumulative indicators, and derived diabetes type.harmonised_diabetes_bcs: harmonised indicators of self-reported diabetes in the 1970 BCS and includes sweep-specific indicators, derived cumulative indicators, and derived diabetes type.harmonised_diabetes_nextsteps: harmonised indicators of self-reported diabetes in Next Steps and includes sweep-specific indicators only.harmonised_diabetes_mcs: harmonised indicators of self-reported diabetes in MCS and includes sweep-specific indicators only.Individual identifiers are included to enable the harmonised data to be merged with the main cohort study data.</p
Harmonised Diabetes in the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, 1982-2022: Special Licence Access
No full textAbstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Harmonised Data in Five National Longitudinal Cohort Studies project, supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), brings together data from five British cohort studies: the 1946 National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD), the 1958 National Child Development Survey (NCDS), the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), Next Steps (formerly the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England), and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). NCDS, BCS70, Next Steps, and MCS receive core funding from the ESRC and are hosted by the Centre for Longitudinal Studies at UCL. NSHD is funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC) and is hosted by the Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL.The Diabetes Harmonisation project aimed to document all self-reported measures related to diabetes in these five British cohort studies and produce harmonised indicators of self-reported diabetes through retrospective harmonisation. This harmonisation serves two primary purposes: improving the measurement of diabetes (as an outcome, predictor, or control variable) within cohort analyses, and facilitating cross-cohort research on diabetes using these rich datasets.Separate longitudinal datasets were created for each cohort, focusing on self-reported data with some information derived from doctors' reports and medical records. Biomarkers and linked health data were not included. Focus was given to measures that were administered to entire cohorts only and on the diabetes status of cohort members themselves (not their parents or children).SN 9421 includes harmonised diabetes data for the MRC National Survey of Health and Development only. Harmonised diabetes data for NCDS, BCS70, Next Steps and MCS are available under Safeguarded data access from SN 9416.Main Topics:Harmonised indicators of self-reported diabetes in the 1946 NSHD and includes sweep-specific indicators, derived cumulative indicators, and derived diabetes type.The research IDs differ from the original research IDs and data can therefore not be merged with other NSHD data files. Access to the harmonised variables in connection with other NSHD variables can be requested via the usual NSHD data sharing request.</div