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Współpraca rodziny i szkoły w wychowaniu patriotycznym jako wyraz troski o prawidłowy rozwój postaw społecznych dziecka. Recepcja wniosków z badań dla wychowania patriotycznego
Get PDFThis article attempts to answer the question: what mental features and what social factors are the sources of patriotism? Patriotism was defined as the attitude of a human who has a positive and committed attitude towards his own nation, but also has an encouraging attitude regarding other nations. Empirical studies have indicated a number of sources of patriotism, the most important of which are environmental and social impacts of the family, school, religious community, peer groups and own self-activity. Human religiosity and favored values also play a significant role, especially those that relate to the common good. The conclusions from these analyzes emphasize the need for taking into account the children’s sense of community with the group and the sense of the common good that they value and care for in patriotic education. It is of vital importance that religious content is not omitted or ignored, for religiosity is a strong support for patriotism, from which moral obligation flows towards the motherland and the nation. Differences in the motivation of patriotism in men and women allow us to formulate the need of drawing attention to interpersonal cooperation, praising of heroism and responsible work for the homeland. However, in the patriotic education of girls, it is worth emphasizing the beauty of the Polish landscape, nature and works of culture and art. All these endeavors require cooperation between parents and teachers, because they are important authorities for children and from whom children learn social attitudes, including the approach of being patriotic towards their nation and people.Niniejszy artykuł podjął próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie cechy psychiczne oraz jakie czynniki społeczne stanowią źródła patriotyzmu. Najpierw został zdefiniowany patriotyzm jako postawa człowieka, który ma pozytywne i zaangażowane nastawienie do własnego narodu, ale ma również nastawienie pozytywne do innych narodów. Badania empiryczne wskazały wiele źródeł patriotyzmu, z których najważniejsze to oddziaływania środowiskowo-społeczne rodziny, szkoły, wspólnoty religijnej, grup rówieśniczych i aktywność własna. Doniosłą rolę odgrywa również religijność człowieka oraz preferowane wartości, szczególnie te, które odnoszą się do dobra wspólnego. Wnioski z tych analiz podkreślają konieczność uwzględniania w wychowaniu patriotycznym dzieci poczucia wspólnoty z grupą oraz poczucia dobra wspólnego, które cenią i o które się troszczą. Nie można też pominąć treści religijnych, bowiem religijność jest mocnym oparciem dla patriotyzmu, z niej wypływa powinność moralna wobec ojczyzny i narodu. Różnice w uwarunkowaniach patriotyzmu u mężczyzn i kobiet pozwalają formułować potrzebę zwracania u chłopców uwagi na współpracę międzyosobową, pochwałę bohaterstwa i odpowiedzialnej pracy dla ojczyzny, natomiast w wychowaniu patriotycznym dziewcząt warto akcentować piękno polskiego krajobrazu, przyrody oraz dzieł kultury i sztuki. We wszystkich tych poczynaniach konieczna jest współpraca rodziców i nauczycieli, gdyż stanowią oni ważne dla dzieci autorytety, od których uczą się postaw społecznych, w tym również postawy patriotycznej
Szpitale diecezji kamienieckiej około 1830 roku
Get PDFIn the Old Polish period hospitals were not institutions where the ill were treated but rather the places were responsible for providing care for those who needed help. The situation was similar about 1830. There were a lot of factors which had an essential influence on condition of hospitals and charity in the Diocese of Kamyantes about 1830; the factors were: dispersion of believers, poverty prevailing among Podolian presbyteries and cloisters, as well as strictly connected with the poverty of believers: farm nobility, few Polish townspeople, and Polish peasantry which colonized land ruined by Turks. The fall of the Republic and anti-Polish and anti-Catholic policy of czar’s authorities deepened processes of pauperizations believers of the Catholic Church. Taking all these factors into consideration, we ought to be surprised at the poor shape of parish hospitals and almost complete lack of church hospitals which above all would treat the ill (they were only in Gródek). Looking after a few dozens of the ill in 30 hospitals, with money coming from almost only from the alms, ought to be regarded as huge success of that society. The funds which parsons and superiors of cloisters had in their disposal influenced on condition of buildings, a number of people living in them, quality of their daily food and clothes which they could have at their disposal. It is also necessary to underline that on Podolia the process of disappearing of parish hospital shelters which began on the turn of the XVIIIth and XIXth centuries on lands inhabited mostly by Poles.In the Old Polish period hospitals were not institutions where the ill were treated but rather the places were responsible for providing care for those who needed help. The situation was similar about 1830. There were a lot of factors which had an essential influence on condition of hospitals and charity in the Diocese of Kamyantes about 1830; the factors were: dispersion of believers, poverty prevailing among Podolian presbyteries and cloisters, as well as strictly connected with the poverty of believers: farm nobility, few Polish townspeople, and Polish peasantry which colonized land ruined by Turks. The fall of the Republic and anti-Polish and anti-Catholic policy of czar’s authorities deepened processes of pauperizations believers of the Catholic Church. Taking all these factors into consideration, we ought to be surprised at the poor shape of parish hospitals and almost complete lack of church hospitals which above all would treat the ill (they were only in Gródek). Looking after a few dozens of the ill in 30 hospitals, with money coming from almost only from the alms, ought to be regarded as huge success of that society. The funds which parsons and superiors of cloisters had in their disposal influenced on condition of buildings, a number of people living in them, quality of their daily food and clothes which they could have at their disposal. It is also necessary to underline that on Podolia the process of disappearing of parish hospital shelters which began on the turn of the XVIIIth and XIXth centuries on lands inhabited mostly by Poles
Imago Christi or “just” Imago Mariae? Women and the Problem of Image and Imitation
Get PDFThe main question discussed in this paper is: Can we say that, in the light of orthodox Catholic theology, woman is an image of Christ in a way equal to man? How Jesus and His Mother should be treated as examples for imitation for Christians of both sexes on this ground? The first part of the article explains the terms imago Dei and imago Christi, and connection between them in their biblical, dogmatical, and contemporary theological-anthropological context, the last one understood strictly as anthropology in documents of the Catholic Magisterium published during and after II Vatican Council. The second part concerns the problem of Jesus and Mary as models for men, and/or women in the present day, on the basis of Church documents, especially Mariological ones. The third part considers the problem of women as imago Christi in the light of Catholic feminist theology. Conclusions are proposed at the end of the paper.The main question discussed in this paper is: Can we say that, in the light of orthodox Catholic theology, woman is an image of Christ in a way equal to man? How Jesus and His Mother should be treated as examples for imitation for Christians of both sexes on this ground? The first part of the article explains the terms imago Dei and imago Christi, and connection between them in their biblical, dogmatical, and contemporary theological-anthropological context, the last one understood strictly as anthropology in documents of the Catholic Magisterium published during and after II Vatican Council. The second part concerns the problem of Jesus and Mary as models for men, and/or women in the present day, on the basis of Church documents, especially Mariological ones. The third part considers the problem of women as imago Christi in the light of Catholic feminist theology. Conclusions are proposed at the end of the paper
New Man – New Creation in the Theology of Paul
Get PDFGod had congratulated himself for creating the universe and humankind (Gen 1,31), a “very good” creation brought to nought by human sin. However, human nature still sighs and longs for the goodness and image of God within. God’s creation yearns to be created anew. Paul’s understanding of “new creation” and “new man” looks to the wise plan of God negated by sin. For Paul, the new era, in which the new creation reaches its aim in perfection, is the time of the parousia, the new and future coming of Jesus Christ. The Apostle of the Gentiles understood “kainē ktisis” in a soterio-cosmological sense, as the event consequent upon the redemption brought about by Christ Jesus that will be fulfilled in the parousia. New creation, new mankind in a new covenant takes place in communion with the death and resurrection of Christ Jesus in Baptism. The fundamental condition by which the revelation of the mystery of God takes place is the new covenant fulfilled in the blood of Christ and its effects: the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, upon those who believe, as even the prophets had foretold. One can observe the development of the Pauline thought in his Letters: from a theological perspective and its legitimacy in the Major Letters, to the practical consequences in the daily life of the Christian assemblies in the Deutero-Pauline Letters, that emerge from the application of these theological arguments.God had congratulated himself for creating the universe and humankind (Gen 1,31), a “very good” creation brought to nought by human sin. However, human nature still sighs and longs for the goodness and image of God within. God’s creation yearns to be created anew. Paul’s understanding of “new creation” and “new man” looks to the wise plan of God negated by sin. For Paul, the new era, in which the new creation reaches its aim in perfection, is the time of the parousia, the new and future coming of Jesus Christ. The Apostle of the Gentiles understood “kainē ktisis” in a soterio-cosmological sense, as the event consequent upon the redemption brought about by Christ Jesus that will be fulfilled in the parousia. New creation, new mankind in a new covenant takes place in communion with the death and resurrection of Christ Jesus in Baptism. The fundamental condition by which the revelation of the mystery of God takes place is the new covenant fulfilled in the blood of Christ and its effects: the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, upon those who believe, as even the prophets had foretold. One can observe the development of the Pauline thought in his Letters: from a theological perspective and its legitimacy in the Major Letters, to the practical consequences in the daily life of the Christian assemblies in the Deutero-Pauline Letters, that emerge from the application of these theological arguments
Działalność sióstr z anglikańskiego zgromadzenia Sisters of Bethany w Persji w latach 1890–1898 w kontekście relacji między Kościołem Anglii a Asyryjskim Kościołem Wschodu
Get PDFThe activity of the Anglican sisters from the Society of the Sisters of Bethany among the Assyrians in Persia during the years 1890–1898 was a part of the broader missionary project undertaken by the Archbishop of Canterbury – The Archbishop of Canterbury’s Mission to the Assyrian Christians. The purpose of the mission was to support the Assyrian Church of the East by developing educational system and printing liturgical books. The article presenting the circumstances under which the sisters were sent to mission is focused on educational aspect of their work, it portrays the differences and uniqueness of their activity comparing it with missionary initiatives undertaken by the Presbyterians and Roman Catholics among the Assyrian people at that time.Działalność sióstr należących do Society of the Sisters of Bethany w Persji wśród Asyryjczyków w latach 1890–1898 stanowiła część szerszego przedsięwzięcia misyjnego realizowanego pod auspicjami arcybiskupa Canterbury – The Archbishop of Canterbury’s Mission to the Assyrian Christians. Celem misji było wsparcie Asyryjskiego Kościoła Wschodu poprzez promocję edukacji oraz druk ksiąg liturgicznych. Artykuł, przedstawiając okoliczności wysłania sióstr, skupia się na wymiarze edukacyjnym prowadzonej przez nie działalności, ukazuje przy tym odmienność i unikatowość prowadzonych działań na tle prezbiteriańskich i katolickich inicjatyw misyjnych podejmowanych wśród ludności asyryjskiej w tym czasie
„Biorę sobie ciebie za żonę/męża…” Co dzisiaj mają na myśli narzeczeni? – jesienne sympozjum Wydziału Prawa Kanonicznego UPJPII w Krakowie
Get PDFPrzyczynek do badań nad myślą Czesława Białobrzeskiego: wizja relacji między nauką i religią
Get PDFThis paper presents not very-well known aspect of Czesław Białobrzeski’s ideas, who was one of most prominent physicists in Poland in first half of XX Century. The relations between science and religion are very interesting subject of his reflection. It is also an element of his general description of reality, the description of very precise construction. The very modern character of remarks of the polish physicist in this area is also to be emphasized, as well as an attempt of location of relations between religion and science in social context.Prezentowana praca ukazuje mało znany aspekt myśli Czesława Białobrzeskiego, jednego z najwybitniejszych polskich fizyków pierwszej połowy XX wieku. Relacje między nauką a religią stanowią interesujący punkt przemyśleń Białobrzeskiego, stanowiąc element w precyzyjnie konstruowanym, ogólnym opisie rzeczywistości. Godnym podkreślenia jest także niezwykle nowoczesny charakter spostrzeżeń polskiego fizyka w tym zakresie. Niemniej warta podkreślenia jest próba usytuowania relacji nauka wiara w kontekście społecznym
Polisemiczny charakter zjawiska laickości i przykłady jego zastosowania we współczesnym dyskursie publicznym
Get PDFThe analysis evokes the polysemous character of the concept of laicism, which was influenced by modern political and philosophical ideas. Two positions have determined this: a diachronic one encompasses laicism as a process extended in time, and a synchronous one allows one to perceive the simultaneity of phenomena. Thus, the concept itself reveals its practical value, especially in the context of these challenges, which affect both the state crisis and the changing relationship between the State and the Church. This value is confirmed by an important place in the secular research that is based on the principles of sovereignty, equality and separation. Thus, laicism postulated and implemented in the democratic system and its reference to fundamental values should support, above all, the importance of arguments, mutual persuasion and decision-making procedures based on consensus. In relation to the first position, the analysis refers to research carried out by specialists in the fields of political, philosophical, legal and sociological sciences. The second one, however, referred to three selected issues that define the functions of laicism: relativism, the public role of religion and truth.Przeprowadzona analiza przywołuje polisemiczny charakter pojęcia laickości, na co wpływ miały nowożytne idee polityczne i filozoficzne. Określone to zostało dwoma stanowiskami: diachronicznym, które ujmuje laickość jako rozciągnięty w czasie proces, oraz synchronicznym, które pozwala dostrzec w niej jednoczesność zachodzących zjawisk. W ten sposób koncepcja laickości odsłania swą praktyczną wartość w odniesieniu do wyzwań dotyczących zarówno kryzysu państwowości, jak i zmieniających się relacji państwo–Kościół. Wartość tę potwierdza miejsce, jakie w badaniach nad laickością zajmują zasady suwerenności, równości czy separacji. W konsekwencji realizowana w systemie demokratycznym zasada laickości opiera własne odniesienie do podstawowych wartości na merytorycznej argumentacji, wzajemnej perswazji oraz konsensusie jako procedurze podejmowania decyzji.W stosunku do pierwszego stanowiska analiza przywołuje badania przeprowadzone przez specjalistów z dziedziny nauk politycznych, filozoficznych, prawnych i socjologicznych. Natomiast drugie odniesione zostało do trzech wybranych kwestii, które określają funkcje laickości: relatywizmu, publicznej roli religii oraz prawdy
Próba analizy typologii racji Thomasa Nagela z uwzględnieniem kategorii archetypu
Get PDFThe article is an attempt to look at Thomas Nagel’s proposed typology of reasons for action in the light of the theory of archetypes, carried out in order to investigate whether the category of archetype can contribute to a better understanding of particular types of reasons. The article uses the results of research on the meaning of archetypes in philosophy carried out by Alina Motycka, and takes into account the critical remarks against the legitimacy of using the archetype which were put forward by Stanisław Lem. References to the observations of the above philosophers allowed for a balanced position on this issue, which recognizes the usefulness of archetypes to a deeper understanding of human nature but at the same time emphasizes that their normative potential is limited, not only due to their randomness, but also because there is no algorithm which would allow to draw direct conclusions about norms and values on the basis of existing archetypes.Artykuł jest próbą spojrzenia na zaproponowaną przez Thomasa Nagela typologię racji do działania w świetle teorii archetypów, w celu wstępnego zbadania, czy kategoria archetypu może przyczynić się do lepszego rozumienia poszczególnych typów racji. W artykule wykorzystane zostały badania nad znaczeniem archetypów w filozofii przeprowadzone przez Alinę Motycką oraz uwagi krytyczne, które przeciwko zasadności posługiwania się kategorią archetypu wysunął Stanisław Lem. Odniesienia do spostrzeżeń powyższych filozofów pozwoliły na zajęcie wyważonego stanowiska. Z jednej strony uwidacznia się przydatność archetypów do pogłębionego rozumienia natury i kondycji człowieka, a z drugiej strony, nie można zaprzeczyć, że ich potencjał normatywny jest ograniczony, nie tylko ze względu na wpisaną w nie przypadkowość, ale również dlatego, że nie istnieje algorytm, który by w sposób jednoznaczny pozwalał na wysuwanie twierdzeń dotyczących norm i wartości w oparciu o istniejące archetypy