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Cykliczny i linearny obraz dziejów w historiozofii XX wieku na podstawie myśli Oswalda Spenglera i Francisa Fukuyamy
No full textThis article presents two historiosophical models present in the philosophy of history in 20th century. The first one, assuming the cyclical nature of history, was presented on the basis of Oswald Spengler’s The Decline of the West. The second, linear, was the foundation of the philosophy of history contained in The End of History and the Last Man by Francis Fukuyama. In this context, issues of progress and regression, the irreversibility of the historical process as well as historical determinism were raised. In the summary, the Author draws attention to the way in which the choice of a specific concept of history: linear or cyclical, corresponds with the criticism or affirmation of the existing socio-political order. At the same time, the question is raised concerning the meaning of the term “culture” as the subject of history characteristic of the historiosophy of the twentieth century.W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowane zostały dwa modele historiozoficzne, obecne w filozofii dziejów XX wieku. Pierwszy, zakładający cykliczność dziejów, ukazany został na podstawie dzieła Oswalda Spenglera Zmierz Zachodu. Drugi z kolei, linearny, stanowił założenie filozofii dziejów zawartej w Końcu historii i Ostatnim człowieku Francisa Fukuyamy. W tym kontekście poruszone zostały kwestie postępu i regresu, nieodwracalności procesu historycznego oraz determinizmu dziejowego. W podsumowaniu autor zwraca uwagę na to, w jaki sposób wybór określonej koncepcji dziejów: linearnej lub cyklicznej, koresponduje z krytyką bądź afirmacją zastanego porządku społeczno-politycznego. Jednocześnie zostaje postawione pytanie o znaczenie pojęcia „kultury”, jako charakterystycznego dla historiozofii XX wieku podmiotu dziejów
Zwrot ku mariologii maksymalistycznej – na przykładzie nauczania ks. Dominika Chmielewskiego SDB
No full textTopics that have been taken in this article concern the role of Mary in the work of salvation and her place in the Christian life. The Church wants to talk about Mary without exaggerating and diminishing her merits. However, there are maximalist tendencies in Mariology that should be researched. The basis for these considerations was the Mariological theorems proclaimed by Fr. Dominik Chmielewski SDB, in which one can find some theological doubts.Tematy, które zostały podjęte w niniejszym artykule, dotyczą roli Maryi w dziele zbawienia i Jej miejsca w życiu chrześcijanina. Kościół chce mówić o Maryi bez wyolbrzymiania i pomniejszania Jej zasług. Pojawiają się jednak tendencje maksymalistyczne w mariologii, które należy badać. Kanwą do niniejszych rozważań stały się twierdzenia mariologiczne głoszone przez ks. Dominika Chmielewskiego SDB, które mogą budzić pewne wątpliwości teologiczne
Budowanie wspólnoty rodzinnej, kościelnej i ojczystej w nauczaniu i kulcie bł. ks. Jerzego Popiełuszki – męczennika
No full textLife, ministry and the martyrdom of the Blessed Fr. Jerzy Popiełuszko form an authentic testimony which becomes an inspiration for future generations. The facts which, in general are commonplace and of little importance, assume a special meaning in the context of his martyrdom. An exact description of his martyrdom allow the reader to avoid making up apocryphal-like stories and over-focusing on insignificant details. Fr. Jerzy’s teaching was strongly embedded in his experience of growing up in a family and church environment marked by the love of the Homeland. His life’s experience built Fr. Jerzy’s sensitivity and concern for working people and other environments marked by oppression or suffering.The cult of Fr. Jerzy, thirty-six years after his death, does not go out, it is growing instead. His teachings and attitude are willingly taken up as a model for younger and older generations. Nowadays, the testimony of the Blessed Martyr can contribute to the renewal of family and parish environments and their deeper grounding in the dynamics of listening to the word of God and in receiving the sacraments. His cult is a chance to build a community with the view of our whole Homeland. Fr. Jerzy’s shrine in Warsaw Zoliborz is a vivid space, which attracts people from all over the world. Topicality of Fr. Popiełuszko’s message is associated with a great demand for attractive Christian attitudes. It is an opportunity for contemporary pastoral ministry which aims at leading to a personal relationship with Christ and at becoming His authentic followers.Życie, posługa i męczeństwo bł. ks. Jerzego Popiełuszki wpisują się w autentyczne świadectwo, które staje się inspiracją dla kolejnych pokoleń. W kontekście męczeństwa nabierają znaczenia fakty, które w ogólnym odbiorze są powszednie i bez wielkiego znaczenia. Świadectwo męczeństwa pozwala także uniknąć tworzenia apokryficznych opowieści i przesadnego skupiania się na nieistotnych detalach. Nauczanie bł. ks. Jerzego wypływało z jego doświadczenia wzrastania w środowisku rodzinnym i kościelnym, które cechowała miłość do Ojczyzny. Te doświadczenia budowały także wrażliwość na troskę o ludzi pracy i inne środowiska naznaczone opresją czy cierpieniem. W trzydzieści sześć lat od śmierci nie gaśnie, ale rozwija się kult ks. Jerzego. Jego nauczanie i postawa jest chętnie podejmowana jako wzorzec dla młodszych i starszych pokoleń. Świadectwo błogosławionego męczennika może dzisiaj być przyczynkiem do odnowy środowisk rodzinnych i parafialnych oraz ich głębszego osadzenia w dynamice słuchania słowa Bożego i w korzystaniu z sakramentów. Kult ks. Jerzego jest szansą na budowanie wspólnoty w szerokim wymiarze Ojczyzny. Ważnym elementem jest Sanktuarium na Żoliborzu, które jest żywą przestrzenią, przyciągającą ludzi ze wszystkich stron świata. Aktualność przesłania ks. Popiełuszki łączy się z wielkim zapotrzebowaniem na atrakcyjne postawy chrześcijańskie. Jest to szansa dla współczesnego duszpasterstwa, którego celem jest prowadzenie ludzi do osobistej relacji z Chrystusem i stawania się Jego autentycznym naśladowcą
Umiędzynarodowienie badań medioznawczych i kształcenia akademickiego – studium przypadku
No full textInternationalisation of media studies in higher education – case study. The article concerns the internationalization category currently in Polish higher education and in the global dimension. The advantages and challenges associated with this process are presented in the text in a form of case study of the internationalization of media research and media education at the Institute of Journalism and Social Communication of the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow.Umiędzynarodowienie badań medioznawczych i kształcenia akademickiego – studium przypadku. Artykuł dotyczy aktualnej w polskim szkolnictwie wyższym oraz w wymiarze światowym kategorii umiędzynarodowienia. Zalety oraz wyzwania wiążące się z tym procesem zostały w tekście przedstawione w studium przypadku umiędzynaradawiania badań medioznawczych oraz kształcenia medialnego w Instytucie Dziennikarstwa i Komunikacji Społecznej Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
История Лунинецкого местного самоуправления. 1842–1939 гг. – часть 2
No full textA local government is an association of persons of public law, based on community of interests of residents of a territory determined as units of the administrative and territorial division. It is regulated and administered by organs chosen by residents on their own territory, under control of suitable government organs within the framework of authorizations determined in state law. It acts in its own name, on its own territory and on its own responsibility. It possesses assets and budget, earnings and expenses. The author of the elaboration set the task of examining of the formation and functioning of local government structures on the example of one region and the city of today’s Belarus – Łuniniec. In compliance with the announcement presented in the first number in 2021 of our periodical, we give the second part of history of Łuniniec local government (1842–1939) to your hands. There are presented following issues: history of the local government on area of Łuniniec district, in the interwar period, the administrative and territorial devision and population of Łuniniec area within the period of the Second Polish Republic; the creation and organization of the local government in Poleskie voivodeship in 1919–1926 and its structure, the authorities of the city in 1919–1926 and finance which the local government had at its disposal in 1919–1926.A local government is an association of persons of public law, based on community of interests of residents of a territory determined as units of the administrative and territorial division. It is regulated and administered by organs chosen by residents on their own territory, under control of suitable government organs within the framework of authorizations determined in state law. It acts in its own name, on its own territory and on its own responsibility. It possesses assets and budget, earnings and expenses. The author of the elaboration set the task of examining of the formation and functioning of local government structures on the example of one region and the city of today’s Belarus – Łuniniec. In compliance with the announcement presented in the first number in 2021 of our periodical, we give the second part of history of Łuniniec local government (1842–1939) to your hands. There are presented following issues: history of the local government on area of Łuniniec district, in the interwar period, the administrative and territorial devision and population of Łuniniec area within the period of the Second Polish Republic; the creation and organization of the local government in Poleskie voivodeship in 1919–1926 and its structure, the authorities of the city in 1919–1926 and finance which the local government had at its disposal in 1919–1926
Elements of Ontology in Luther’s Lectures on Romans (1515–1516)
No full textThe author starts from the assumption that Martin Luther did not want to deny the importance of ontology (and metaphysics) for theology, but rather to regulate the meaning and use of the categories and main ontological concepts/terms in the perspective of the novum of God’s Revelation in Jesus Christ, (a novum) witnessed by the Holy Scripture as the origin of a being renewed through faith. By examining some passages of his Lectures on Romans (1515–1516), the article highlights the presence of some significant “ontological signals” of the reformer’s thought, in particular those that intend to express the being of the believer with concepts like “Exchange of Forms,” creatio ex nihilo, transitus and actus/motus. Furthermore, it shows that Luther understands these concepts in a relational key, that is, he considers the relationship between the triune Creator and His creature as absolutely essential for the understanding of the person’s being; a relationship that on the one hand is already given – and ontologically will never be interrupted – through every single act of creation (i.e. with the birth of every human being), and on the other hand is being implemented through the gift of faith in Christ, understood as a relationship of trusting acceptance of the triune Creator’s will of communion.The author starts from the assumption that Martin Luther did not want to deny the importance of ontology (and metaphysics) for theology, but rather to regulate the meaning and use of the categories and main ontological concepts/terms in the perspective of the novum of God’s Revelation in Jesus Christ, (a novum) witnessed by the Holy Scripture as the origin of a being renewed through faith. By examining some passages of his Lectures on Romans (1515–1516), the article highlights the presence of some significant “ontological signals” of the reformer’s thought, in particular those that intend to express the being of the believer with concepts like “Exchange of Forms,” creatio ex nihilo, transitus and actus/motus. Furthermore, it shows that Luther understands these concepts in a relational key, that is, he considers the relationship between the triune Creator and His creature as absolutely essential for the understanding of the person’s being; a relationship that on the one hand is already given – and ontologically will never be interrupted – through every single act of creation (i.e. with the birth of every human being), and on the other hand is being implemented through the gift of faith in Christ, understood as a relationship of trusting acceptance of the triune Creator’s will of communion
Bericht über die gesamtpolnische Wissenschaftskonferenz: “W służbie społeczeństwu. Polska w obronie praw człowieka na świecie i w kraju”
No full textOpen-Access Academic Articles Requires Peer-Review Makeover: Consistency Is the Key
No full textThe internet has greatly altered the way that people and institutions communicate. One of the most recent changes is the growth of the Open Access (OA) model, where research articles are provided free of charge to readers online. Such changes are having a domino effect on traditional communication. In most cases, articles in professional journals have been evaluated by a strict peer-review system. However, due to the inherent problems with these peer reviews, such as the length of time it takes referees to complete their analysis and the reviewer’s personal biases and potential unethical behavior, there is a growing consensus that a different review method needs to be developed for OA articles. In addition, the internet has led to the development of many new professional journals, which range from poor to excellent, based on the articles accepted. Unfortunately, some journals are being published solely for monetary gain from high author fees.Presently, different review methods are being suggested or implemented for articles, such as ranking systems, online commentaries and crowdsourcing, Also, various institutions are publishing lists that rate academic journals on their quality level. Such experimentation of review models is important. However, after the trial period, the primary OA sources need to agree on using the same review model. Consistency of evaluation is critical for readers to be able to make objective comparisons of scholastic articles from one OA site to another.The internet has greatly altered the way that people and institutions communicate. One of the most recent changes is the growth of the Open Access (OA) model, where research articles are provided free of charge to readers online. Such changes are having a domino effect on traditional communication. In most cases, articles in professional journals have been evaluated by a strict peer-review system. However, due to the inherent problems with these peer reviews, such as the length of time it takes referees to complete their analysis and the reviewer’s personal biases and potential unethical behavior, there is a growing consensus that a different review method needs to be developed for OA articles. In addition, the internet has led to the development of many new professional journals, which range from poor to excellent, based on the articles accepted. Unfortunately, some journals are being published solely for monetary gain from high author fees.Presently, different review methods are being suggested or implemented for articles, such as ranking systems, online commentaries and crowdsourcing, Also, various institutions are publishing lists that rate academic journals on their quality level. Such experimentation of review models is important. However, after the trial period, the primary OA sources need to agree on using the same review model. Consistency of evaluation is critical for readers to be able to make objective comparisons of scholastic articles from one OA site to another
Psychology of the complainants
No full textThe article deals with the personal handling of complaints by participants in court proceedings (in rare cases it also includes those citizens who do not have such legal status as the public). The aim is to define, analyze and describe the personal characteristics of the complainants, to specify what inspires, motivates and leads them to communicate the complaint in person, directly in interaction with the court manager, and court staff by this atypical procedure before, during and after court proceedings, in addition to a written complaint. The management of complaints and the case law of complaints are based in particular on the provisions of § 62 et seq. Act no. 757/2004 Coll. on courts as amended (exceptionally also from Act No. 9/2010 Coll. on complaints as amended). On the one hand, it is a description of the basic characteristics of the applicants’ mental state, communication, behavior and conduct, and on the other hand, it is also a description/study of the managerial activity of the court employees. The article clarifies the peculiarity of the above-mentioned method used to settle the parties in dispute before the courts, but outside the court proceedings one finds that the complainants are absent from the social, health and legal counseling service provided by state or private sectors before the sitting. These areas are to some extent, eventually more or less covered by courts of the Slovak Republic by personally accepting and addressing the complainants. The public is generally unaware of this, but the professionals consider/understand this activity as a protopype (basis) of family court formation or a return to classical counseling from the beginning of the 21st century.The article deals with the personal handling of complaints by participants in court proceedings (in rare cases it also includes those citizens who do not have such legal status as the public). The aim is to define, analyze and describe the personal characteristics of the complainants, to specify what inspires, motivates and leads them to communicate the complaint in person, directly in interaction with the court manager, and court staff by this atypical procedure before, during and after court proceedings, in addition to a written complaint. The management of complaints and the case law of complaints are based in particular on the provisions of § 62 et seq. Act no. 757/2004 Coll. on courts as amended (exceptionally also from Act No. 9/2010 Coll. on complaints as amended). On the one hand, it is a description of the basic characteristics of the applicants’ mental state, communication, behavior and conduct, and on the other hand, it is also a description/study of the managerial activity of the court employees. The article clarifies the peculiarity of the above-mentioned method used to settle the parties in dispute before the courts, but outside the court proceedings one finds that the complainants are absent from the social, health and legal counseling service provided by state or private sectors before the sitting. These areas are to some extent, eventually more or less covered by courts of the Slovak Republic by personally accepting and addressing the complainants. The public is generally unaware of this, but the professionals consider/understand this activity as a protopype (basis) of family court formation or a return to classical counseling from the beginning of the 21st century
Ius patronatus as viewed by Edward Rittner
No full textPatronage can be defined as a group of privileges and duties granted by ecclesiastical authorities to the faithful who founded a church, chapel or benefice and to those who acquired this right from them. This is how Prof. Edward Rittner, the Rector of the University of Lviv, understood this concept. This article, entitled “Ius patronatus as viewed by Edward Rittner”, presents the notion of patronage itself, as well as related issues, such as: the ways of patronage acquisition, the possibilities of patronage transfer, the content of ius patroantus and finally the ways of patronage expiration. This article is based on Prof. Rittner’s lecture contained in his textbook “Prawo kościelne katolickie” (in English: Catholic Ecclesiastical Law), volume I, fourth edition from Lviv dated 1912.Patronage can be defined as a group of privileges and duties granted by ecclesiastical authorities to the faithful who founded a church, chapel or benefice and to those who acquired this right from them. This is how Prof. Edward Rittner, the Rector of the University of Lviv, understood this concept. This article, entitled “Ius patronatus as viewed by Edward Rittner”, presents the notion of patronage itself, as well as related issues, such as: the ways of patronage acquisition, the possibilities of patronage transfer, the content of ius patroantus and finally the ways of patronage expiration. This article is based on Prof. Rittner’s lecture contained in his textbook “Prawo kościelne katolickie” (in English: Catholic Ecclesiastical Law), volume I, fourth edition from Lviv dated 1912