Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics
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Index of the Cycle of Money - The Case of Canada
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to apply the theory of the monetary cycle to the case of Canada. In previous works, the economic characteristics of Latvia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Thailand, and Ukraine were determined according to the concept of the theory of the circulation of money. The money circulation index provides guidance on how an economic system should counteract a currency crisis and examines how well a country’s economy is structured. Canada's money cycle index estimates are compared to the world's average money cycle index. The results show that Canada is above the global average. Canada’s results show that it is a leading economy and can deal with an economic crisis immediately and in a very short time, as leading economies should. The methodology used is based on the analysis of theory and mathematical, statistical, and econometric results. The current work is important because it presents the strength of the Canadian economy in the face of a possible financial and economic crisis. This work comes from a project for several countries. The recent decision to impose a minimum tax of 15% on international corporations is consistent with the fixed-length principle of the theory of the monetary cycle. The money cycle index or index of the cycle of money makes it possible to address questions about the strength of the economy, considering the economy as an entity that interacts with other economies. The case of Canada shows that its economy has an index of money circulation of 0.88, which means that it is one of the excellent economies and can recover from any economic crisis in 2 to 5 years, depending on how well the authorities will respond to an economic crisis. A value of 0.1 means that it takes 2 to 5 years for an economy to recover from its strength. The ideal economy has a value of 1 on the money circulation index (index of the cycle of money). An economy with a value of 1 can respond immediately to an economic crisis, and this is an ideal level for any economy. Every 0.1 less than 1 means that the economy will take 3 to 5 years to recover. The money cycle index is a unique index that measures the strength of any economy. This work is the only work that can be found in the current bibliography on the money cycle. In addition, this paper is a unique work that shows that tax evasion does not harm the economy but causes a delay in tax revenues, and at the same time tax evasion harms the economy.
Research paper
Keywords: The cycle of money; Canada; Index of the cycle of money
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Challoumis, C. (2023). Index of the Cycle of Money - The Case of Canada. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 11(1), 102–133
Investigating the success factors for reward-based crowdfunding campaigns
No full textThe main objective of this paper is to explore the success factors of reward-based crowdfunding campaigns, over a long time-period, and using a large dataset of campaigns. Specifically, we use a dataset of 179,066 Kickstarter campaigns, covering the period 2009-2021. We run probit and logit regressions to identify the success factors. Our main findings are the following; the number of backers and the average amount per backer are positively related to the project’s success, while the target goal is negatively related to success. We also find that the total number of words used to describe a campaign is not an important success factor, contrary to the academic literature. Last, we find that US projects are more likely to lead to success than non-US projects.
Research paper
Keywords: Reward-Based Crowdfunding, Success Factors, Probit-Logit
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Daskalakis, N., Karpouzis, E., Benis, D. & Angelakis, A. (2023). Investigating the success factors for reward-based crowdfunding campaigns. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 11(1), 134–152.  
Sample Size Determination for Survey Research and Non-Probability Sampling Techniques: A Review and Set of Recommendations
No full textIf the researchers cannot collect data from a sufficient number of respondents using an appropriate sampling technique, it will be challenging for them to meet the study's primary objective. So, it is crucial for researchers to collect data from a large enough sample size and choose a suitable sampling method. Because there are so many different sampling strategies, and they come in such a wide range of forms, researchers need to have a solid understanding of how these techniques differ to select the method that will work best for their particular study. In this paper, the researcher addresses those crucial issues by setting two essential questions: a. what are the various non-probability sampling techniques? b. what the minimum possible number of participants required for survey research is? Non-probability sampling techniques have been discussed with the necessary example so that the readers can easily understand which method will be more appropriate for their study. In addition, some guidelines concerning the determination of appropriate sample size (sample size calculation using G* power, the sample size for categorical and continuous variables, sample to items, sample to variables, the sample size of CB-SEM, PLS-SEM) for survey research have been discussed in this study. This study will help researchers choose the non-probability sampling method(s) and minimum sample size to conduct their studies efficiently and fruitfully.
Research paper
Keywords: Sampling, non-probability sampling, sample size, survey research
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Rahman, M. M. (2023). Sample Size Determination for Survey Research and Non-Probability Sampling Techniques: A Review and Set of Recommendations. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 11(1), 42–62
Measuring Factors influencing Work Engagement among Millennials in Malaysian Organization
No full textThis study addresses a pressing issue in the contemporary global economy by examining the critical relationship between work engagement and the quality of work-life among millennial employees, with a specific focus on the Y generation. In an era of economic volatility, the sustainability of employee engagement has emerged as a paramount concern for various industries. Research has shown that millennial employees with low or no work engagement are highly inclined to leave their organizations within a year. To explore this nexus, the study adapted Walton's quality of the work-life model and integrated it with the JD-R Theory. Therefore, study's objective is to determine the impact of quality of work-life on work engagement, with a particular emphasis on the role of psychological capital as a mediator. Employing a mixed-mode research approach, the study will conducted within the organizational landscape of Malaysia, utilizing online platforms. This research contributes significantly to the ongoing discourse on work engagement by delving deeper into the interconnected realms of Quality of Work-Life, Work Engagement, and Psychological Capital among younger employees, thereby offering insights crucial for sustaining economic vitality. As a move forward, this study paves the way for future investigations into this conceptual domain.
Research paper
Keywords: Work Engagement; Quality of Work-Life; Psychological Capital; Young Employees
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Shahruddin, S., Azman, M. A.., & Arifin, M. A. (2023). Measuring Factors influencing Work Engagement among Millennials in Malaysian Organization. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 11(2), 53–80
Factors affecting Credit Risk with the Impact of Covid-19: A Study on Islamic Banks in Malaysia
No full textBanks and financial institutions around the world manage the investments of countless consumers. Only a handful of consumers have excellent credit, particularly during the current pandemic of COVID-19. Hence, in the field of credit risk management, the assessment of reflecting and calibrating credit risk is very important and must be carried out accurately. It must be properly administered to survive in the banking industry’s ever-increasing competitiveness. Thus, this paper examines factors affecting credit risk in Islamic banking in Malaysia. Moreover, pinpoints the relationship between COVID-19 and Islamic banking credit risk as it imposes a threat to the profitability of banks. Data from the Annual report of 16 Islamic banks were collected for nine years from 2013 to 2021, and panel data analysis was used in this study. The results show that profitability (PR), bank inefficiency (EFF), and bank capitalization (CAP) affect Islamic banks’ credit, and bank inefficiency (EFF) was selected as the most important variable affecting Islamic banking credit risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. In general, this study proved that Islamic banks in Malaysia can survive COVID-19 and have good risk management to reduce losses.
Research paper
Keywords: Credit Risk, COVID-19, Panel Data, Islamic Bank, Fixed Effect
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Jaafar, M. N., Saddam, S. Z., Muhamat, A. A., Mohd Zuhairi, F. S., & Abd Aziz, N. A. (2023). Factors affecting Credit Risk with the Impact of Covid-19: A Study on Islamic Banks in Malaysia. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 11(1), 153–179
Impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG), Profitability and Macroeconomics Indicators on Firm Performance
No full textFirms that are ESG compliant have better governance, care more about the environment and sustainable development, have lower profits volatility and access to lower-cost funding. Many investors can easily make judgment based on firm performance rather than financial success if ESG is incorporated into a firm's investment decision. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between ESG score, profitability, growth domestic product (GDP) growth, labor force, and population with Malaysian firms’ performance. A multiple regression technique is used to estimate the ordinary least square (OLS) method from year 2010 to 2020. The result identifies that ESG score, GDP growth, and population has significant relationship with firm performance.
Research paper
Keywords: Firm Performance; ESG; Profitability; Macroeconomic Indicators; Malaysia
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Ma’in, M., Asmuni, S., Junos, S., Rostam, S. N., Azmi, N. H. A., & Sahidza, K. R. (2022). Impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG), Profitability and Macroeconomics Indicators on Firm Performance. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 10(2), 1–17
Ex-Offenders Employability Barriers and Practical Training Framework
No full textWith the marginalised group gaining greater attention for employment, this paper explores the barriers faced by ex-offenders during the hiring process. This study uses a qualitative approach via face-to-face semi-structured. Twenty-one cases were selected from the Malaysian bakery businesses since it actively hires ex-offenders. Findings demonstrate that job barriers faced by ex-offenders generally consisted of their self-efficacy belief, attitude, job-related skills, and self-appearance, which were fairly within their control to manage. Meanwhile, the type of offence and gender discrimination were two other barriers identified; however, these obstacles were beyond their control. This study is the first to propose a training framework to help relevant authorities assist the ex-offenders in reducing the employment barriers and justifying the training performance as a testimonial in convincing potential employers of their credibility.
Research paper
Keywords: Ex-offenders; employability barriers; job barriers; training framework; prison training; marginalised individuals
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Keshminder, S. J. S., Chuah, S. C., Shahrom, M., Ibrahim, M. A. & Mohamed, S. M. (2022). Ex-Offenders Employability Barriers and Practical Training Framework. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 10(2S1), 53–78
The influence of sustainable logistic practices and supplier support on logistics transport performance: An empirical review on Malaysian logistics service providers
Full text linkThe article aims to focus on sustainable logistics practices and how their transport service providers performance is while offering transport services to manufacturers. The literature on sustainability indicators integrating social, environmental and economic dimensions are seldom appeared in the literature particularly in the logistics freight transport segment. In fact, the social aspect of sustainability practices was totally neglected in the literature and hence a study of this nature is initiated. The mediating effect of buyer supplier relationship between practices and performance has been further investigated. The framework has been developed from extensive synthesis of literature related to Sustainable Logistics Practices and Logistics Transport Performance with the mediating effect of supplier support. The study highlights on the manufacturers’ perceptions on transport logistics services. The existing research gaps on sustainable logistics were critically evaluated and is addressed through the research framework. This paper used triple bottom line approach to gauge the performance of trasnport service provider, TBL approach was less explored, therefore this research helps to address the gap identified under the sustainability logistics. In particular, most of the research on logistics practices either focus on individual dimension or combination of two dimensions based on environmental and economic aspects only. The present paper is among the few studies to conceptualize sustainability logistic practices for logistic freight transport sector in developing a holistic business model which includes social dimension as well.
Research paper
Keywords: Sustainable Logistics Practices; Logistics Transport Performance; Logistics Service Provider; Supplier Support
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Kumar, K. M. (2022). The influence of sustainable logistic practices and supplier support on logistics transport performance: An empirical review on Malaysian logistics service providers. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 10(1), 141–176. 
Factors Determining Compliance Behavior of Business Zakat among SMEs: A Logistic Regression Analysis Approach
No full textThe dearth of study on the factors determining compliance behavior of business zakat among SMEs are hardly found in literature and empirical evidence as well. Due to that, this study aims to identify the relationship between factors determining compliance behavior of business zakat among SMEs. 276 questionnaires managed to be collected from SMEs in Selangor. Logistic regression analysis was presented to predict compliance behavior of business zakat among SMEs from selected factors determining. Six factors were identified and included in the model; religious practices, level of knowledge, length of business operation, government incentives, organization factors and law enforcement. The findings of logistic regression analysis revealed that full model which considered all the six factors are significant and perform well in explaining the factors determining compliance behavior of business zakat among SMEs. Four factors (religious practices, level of knowledge, organizational factors and government incentives) significantly predict compliance behavior of business zakat among SMEs. Based on the analysis, this study will hopefully shed some light to help zakat organization in implementing strategies to attract more Muslim entrepreneurs to comply pay business zakat, especially among SMEs.
Research paper
Keywords: Zakat, Business Zakat, Compliance Behavior, Logistic Regression Analysis
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Khamis, M. R., & Kamarudin, M. F. (2022). Factors Determining Compliance Behavior of Business Zakat among SMEs: A Logistic Regression Analysis Approach. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 10(2S2), 71–108
Review on Managing Climate Change and ESG Risks in Financial Market
No full textClimate change and environmental issues have an impact on the overall stability of the financial system. Intermediaries that operate on a long-term horizon are exposed to the consequences of extreme environmental events. Banking sectors and insurance companies could be the most vulnerable and sensitive to these issues. Consequently, the aims of this paper is to review recent development on the risk frameworks developed by regulators and to classify the climate-related risks, and to explore whether these risks affecting the costs and benefits that is related to organizations.
Research paper
Keywords: Climate change; environmental risks; governance; risk frameworks; systemic risk, finance
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Mohamad Shafi, R., & Abu Bakar, N. (2022). Review on Managing Climate Change and ESG Risks in Financial Market. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 10(2), 44–62.