Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics
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Public Acceptance of Congestion Charging: Evaluating Feasibility as a Policy Response to Urban Traffic Congestion
No full textoai:ojs.www.scientificia.com:article/235Traffic congestion represents a critical challenge in cities undergoing rapid urbanization. This study investigates the factors influencing public acceptability of congestion pricing in Penang, Malaysia, recognized as one of the most rapidly developing urban regions in the nation. Using purposive sampling, survey data were gathered from 397 respondents and analyzed with an ordered logit model to identify key determinants of acceptance. Variables examined include trust in government, awareness of congestion issues, perceived fairness, anticipated travel time savings, and socio-demographic characteristics. Contrary to findings from the majority of existing studies, trust in government, identified as the predominant factor, did not have a significant influence on the acceptability of congestion pricing in Penang, possibly due to the high trust levels of the populace in the current administration. The results reveal that most residents are inclined to accept a congestion charge, with the acceptable price range estimated at RM0.50 to RM0.60 per kilometer of travel. Notably, awareness, equitable pricing, travel time savings, and gender emerged as significant predictors of acceptance. These findings provide valuable insights for designing equitable and effective congestion pricing schemes and may guide policymakers in developing strategies that improve traffic flow, enhance public transport investment, and reduce the marginal social cost of congestion. This study contributes to the broader literature on sustainable urban mobility and pricing policies.
Research Paper
Keywords: Traffic Congestion; Congestion Charge; Trust; Fairness; Awareness; Marginal Cost
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Tan, E.H., Hong., M.& Saleem, F. (2025). Public Acceptance of Congestion Charging: Evaluating Feasibility as a Policy Response to Urban Traffic Congestion. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 13(2), 118–153
Navigating crisis: COVID 19’s impact on Entrepreneurship in Morocco
No full textThis article investigates the repercussions of the COVID 19 pandemic on entrepreneurship in Morocco, utilizing bibliographic research approach drawing from Google Scholar and IMIST database. It delves into governmental and non-governmental studies, elucidating the adverse impacts on various economic sectors while advocating for enhanced innovation and the production of high value goods. Furthermore, it examines Morocco’s proactive measures in response to the pandemic. Additionally, the study explores strategies outlined in the new development model to alleviate crisis and stimulate economic revival including fostering social and female entrepreneurship and extending social protection to auto-entrepreneurs. This research stand out for its focused analysis on Morocco’s context and the scrutiny of specific pandemic response measures. Its findings carry significant implications for informing policy decisions and actions at reinforcing entrepreneurship and economic resurgence not only in Morocco but also in similar contexts globally.
Literature Review
Keywords: COVID 19 Pandemic; Entrepreneurship; Morocco; Economic Effects; Crisis Responses
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Benchrifa, H., & Karima, L. (2023). Navigating crisis: COVID 19’s impact on Entrepreneurship in Morocco. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 11(2), 245–274
Digital Technology in Senior Entrepreneurship: A Qualitative Study
No full textThe global population aged 65 and over is approaching 800 million and is expected to represent 16% of the total population by 2025. Many countries are experiencing demographic shifts towards an older population, resulting in a declining ratio of working-age individuals. The rapid increase in the elderly population raises concerns about healthcare and financial burdens on nations. One potential solution to these challenges is senior entrepreneurship, which allows older adults to participate in the workforce and foster social inclusion. While senior entrepreneurship has the potential to alleviate financial burdens and improve well-being, the specific factors that drive it are still unclear, especially, the adoption of digital technologies. Thus, this study investigates the impacts of digital literacy on senior entrepreneurship, and the potential of digital literacy training in stimulating business interest among seniors. The data were gathered using purposive sampling technique, respondents were selected from a digital literacy training program designed specifically for older adults. Standardised open-ended interviews were conducted with participants both before and after the training. The study reveals that over half of the respondents felt significantly motivated to start a business following the digital literacy program. Financial support from the government or other organisations was identified as a crucial factor influencing their decision, as many seniors expressed concerns about financial stability and the risks associated with starting a business. Additionally, new findings not covered in the literature review include a growing concern about digital technology security. By examining the role of digital literacy in promoting senior entrepreneurship, this study provides actionable insights for stakeholders seeking to enhance senior employment and business opportunities.
Research Paper
Keywords: Senior Entrepreneurship, Digital Literacy, Ageing Society, Qualitative Approach
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Loo, B.H., Tan, Y.Y., & Hong, M. (2024). Digital Technology in Senior Entrepreneurship: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 12(1), 190–230
Food Truck Customer’s Perception on Food Truck Service Provider’s Service Quality: Customer Confidence as Mediator
No full textThe food truck industry has gained a lot of prominence in Malaysia due to its effective mode of starting in terms of cost and risks involved. It has stood a chance to compete fairly with restaurants and other structures set to sell fast food and beverages. It is due to its emergency that a lot of studies have been conducted to determine its efficiency and quality of products sold by these food truck providers. This has led to some sort of neglect on the perception customers have on the quality of service offered by food truck provides. This study is thus an exploration of perception the customers have on quality of services provided by trucks and how this influences their repurchase intention and intention to recommend to food truck providers. Key concepts of this research have been divided into three variables and SOR model were used. The item for independent variable consist of assurance, tangibility, empathy, reliability and responsiveness, and customer recovery ; dependent variable consist of repurchase intention and intention to recommend, and the mediating variable of customer confidence were helps to develop the research hypotheses with the general aim being investigating what customers call quality services and how this boosts their confidence leading to repurchase intentions and intention to recommend to food truck providers. To achieve the results for this study, and effective results for that matter, this research employs a quantitative form of study. By interacting with a sample of willing 241 respondents this study is hoped to promote and provide data that can be relied upon and as well be used for establishing gaps existed in research on food truck service providers. It has been found from this research that assurance and customer recovery have direct and indirect effect on customer confidence and repurchase intention and intention to recommend. Meanwhile, tangibility, empathy and reliability and responsiveness have no direct and indirect effect. Furthermore, customer confidence plays a positive impact on both independent variable. These items used and results gained from this study is on service quality and food truck is new in the research field and these results could be the starting point of future researches.
Research paper
Keywords: Food Trucks; Revisit Intentions; Assurance; Tangibility; Empathy; Reliability and Responsiveness; Customer Confidence; Customer Recovery
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Kumar, K. M. (2023). Food Truck Customer’s Perception on Food Truck Service Provider’s Service Quality: Customer Confidence as Mediator. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 11(2), 201–244.  
Proposed Framework for Brand Loyalty in Wearable Devices in Malaysia
Full text linkWearable devices are electronic devices designed to be worn on the human body and equipped with sensors, connectivity features, and other technologies. The rapid growth of technology enhances the functions of wearable devices, and it could be a new trend or fashion. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual framework to investigate factors that influence consumer brand loyalty in wearable devices in Malaysia. This study explores the relationship between consumers and brand loyalty through the lens of the theory of Stimulus Organism Response (SOR), the development of a brand loyalty conceptual framework based on the interaction between internal cognitive and affective processes and the organism. A quantitative analysis method is proposed as a data collection process by questionnaire survey. This study makes significant theoretical contributions by integrating customer satisfaction and brand trust as mediating roles in this conceptual framework. The proposed conceptual framework also highlights the importance of applying the SOR theory to analyze and enhance brand loyalty in wearable devices, offering valuable insights such as future research direction including user experiences, personalized features, and marketing strategies in shaping brand loyalty for the wearable devices industry.
Conceptual Paper
Keywords: Wearable devices, Stimulus Organism Response, Brand loyalty
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Ong, Y.K., & Goh, Y.N. (2024). Proposed Framework for Brand Loyalty in Wearable Devices in Malaysia. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 12(2), 1–27
Here to Last? Evaluating the Impact of Business Factors on Startup Constancy
No full textThe purpose of this article is to analyze how entrepreneurial constancy is affected for private-sector firms of varying maturities. As the entrepreneurial ecosystem in a state affects firms differently based on their age, we construct an empirical model of constancy. This article compiles annual data by state from 2001-2020 on compensation, constancy, contribution, and creation by firm age (0-1 years, 2-3 years, 4-5 years, 6-10 years, 11+ years) as well as measures of economic freedom and annual average unemployment rates. We then use OLS estimation to model constancy of firms in the private sector by firm age. Regardless of the maturity of firms, whether startups or firms aged 11+ years, compensation produces a positive, statistically significant effect on constancy. We further observe that increases in economic freedom and unemployment rates lead to increases in constancy for startup firms in the private sector. This article adds to the business and entrepreneurship literature through both its disaggregated analysis by firm age and its regression analysis in modeling constancy.
Research Paper
Keywords: Constancy, Firm maturity, Economic freedom, Kauffman, State Business Environment, Startups
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Witham, A., & Pendleton, T. (2024). Here to Last? Evaluating the Impact of Business Factors on Startup Constancy. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 12(1), 66–87
Antecedents of Employee Work Engagement in Malaysia in Light of Job Demands-Resources Theory
No full textThe employee engagement rate was 80% in 2022, which has decreased to 67% in 2023 and the cost of disengaged employees was approximately RM 26.097 billion in 2020 in Malaysia. It indicates the unequal presence level of demands and resources among employees according to JD-R theory. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of demands and resources on work engagement among non-government full-time employees in Malaysia. Hypotheses were developed based on JD-R theory, with the attachment of workaholism as a personal demand to fill the gap of previous studies. A total of 400 data was collected online using a self-administered questionnaire cross-sectionally from the full-time employees who worked in non-government organizations in Klang Valley, Malaysia. PLS-SEM was used to analyse the collected data and test the hypotheses. The finding reveals that job demands (role ambiguity, role conflict, role overload, and mental health challenges) and personal demands (workaholism) have significant negative effects on work engagement. Job resources (autonomy, performance feedback, support of supervisor, social support, learning and development opportunity) and personal resources (self-efficacy, hope, optimism, resilience, employee religiosity) significantly and positively influence work engagement. Job resources decrease the effect of demands (job and personal) on work engagement by playing a moderating role. Similarly, personal resources decrease the impact of demands (job and personal) on work engagement by its moderating effect among full-time non-government employees in Malaysia. The interaction effect between resources (job and personal) and demands (job and personal) on employee work engagement in this study will assist managers and human resources practitioners in making insightful decisions for increasing employee work engagement, which will decrease the disengagement cost of the employees.
Research Paper
Keywords: JD-R theory, job demands, job resources, personal demands, personal resources, work engagement
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Hossan, D., Mansor Z.D., Jaharuddin N.S., & Rahman M.M. (2024). Antecedents of Employee Work Engagement in Malaysia in Light of Job Demands-Resources Theory. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 12(1), 36–65
Reuse Markets: Embedded in Capitalism
No full textThe paper addresses the growing popularity of markets for reuse and repair (RR) in a developed economy. The reasons behind the growth of these markets remain an open research question, which could be attributed to changing consumer preferences and/or as an effect of multiple exogenous shocks on societies. The paper contributes to the predominantly anthropological research on the topic by employing a market-oriented entrepreneurial perspective. The methodology involves participant observation by actively engaging as a trader in micro activities to exploit arbitrage opportunities. The findings suggest that the traditional economic model of rational actors is well-suited to analyze individual actions in these markets. It is observed that these markets do not necessarily require integration into complex social constructs. Effective trust-building arrangements with low transaction costs facilitate market transactions between strangers. The research implies the importance of markets at the micro level, especially in times when political actors at the macro level favor market interventions.
Research Paper
Keywords: second-hand markets; reuse and repair activities; economic approach to anthropology; informal market; consumption; ebay Kleinanzeigen
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Egbert, H. (2024). Reuse Markets: Embedded in Capitalism. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 12(1), 1–35
Exploring the Consumption Value for Halal Cosmetics Purchase Intention: A Proposed Conceptual Framework
Full text linkDespite the negative sustainability consequences from conventional cosmetics, many Malaysian consumers continue using them. With unsustainable issues being widely reported and must be addressed by consumers’ adoption of Halal cosmetics with sustainable attributes. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework to investigate factor influencing consumers’ intention to purchase Halal cosmetics in Malaysia. Theory of consumption value (TCV) was employed as an underpinning theory, utilizing unique context-specific attributes of Halal cosmetics to aid in the development of the conceptual framework. A quantitative analysis with electronic questionnaire survey is proposed as data collection process. This paper makes significant theoretical contributions by integrating the unique context-specific attributes associated with the consumption values of Halal cosmetics, highlighting the novelty of this conceptual framework. The proposed conceptual framework also serves as a reference and guidance for Halal cosmetics manufacturers, marketers, and policymakers that seek to formulate marketing and policy strategies aimed at motivating consumers to actively purchase Halal cosmetics. This, in turn, can contribute to the pursuit of sustainable development and expansion of the Halal cosmetics market in Malaysia
Conceptual paper
Keywords: Halal cosmetics; Sustainability; Consumption value; Theory of consumption value; Purchase intention
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Liew, C. W.-S., & Karia, N. (2023). Exploring the Consumption Value for Halal Cosmetics Purchase Intention: A Proposed Conceptual Framework. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 11(2), 130–167
Impacts of Information Quality and Quantity on Airbnb Users Intention to Adopt Information
No full textThis study aims to investigate the impacts of information quantity and quality on Airbnb users’ intention to adopt information by considering trust, perceived usefulness, and attitude towards online reviews as endogenous factors. Data were collected from 202 individuals and were analysed using the partial least squares technique. The results showed that information quantity, information completeness, information relevance, information value-added, and information understandability have a positive effect on users’ trust. Furthermore, information relevance and information understandability were only factors that have a positive effect on users’ perceived usefulness. In addition, users’ trust, perceived usefulness, and attitude towards online reviews have a positive effect on information adoption. Understanding the key drivers of users’ intention to adopt information is crucial for managers of peer-to-peer accommodation service providers.
Research paper
Keywords: Information Quantity; Information Quality; Trust, Perceived Usefulness; Attitude towards Online Reviews; Airbnb; Information Adoption
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Kumar, K. M. (2023). Impacts of Information Quality and Quantity on Airbnb Users Intention to Adopt Information. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 11(2), 168–200