Blekinge Institute of Technology
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Grindvakten för den byggda miljöns kvalitet : En professionsstudie om stadsarkitektrollen
No full textArbetet söker att reda ut stadsarkitektens roll i stadsplaneringen, dels för att urskilja vad som skiljer rollerna mellan olika mellanstora svenska kommuners tillämpning av funktionen. Dels för att redogöra vad det innebär att vara stadsarkitekt i samtida stadsplanering. Till syftet följer två forskningsfrågor avsedda att styra arbetets riktning, dessa är: •Vad är stadsarkitektens roll i den samtida kommunala stadsplaneringen och vad innebär den för stadsplaneringen? •Vad är det som skiljer stadsarkitektens roll mellan olika mellanstora svenska kommuners tillämpning av funktionen? Studien lägger tonvikt på utövarna av professionen, vilket aktualiserar enskilda stadsarkitekter. Vidare avgränsas arbetet till mellanstora svenska kommuner som antingen har eller har haft en verksam stadsarkitekt. Stadsarkitektrollen belyses i ljuset av jurisdiktion och handlingsutrymme. Genom tillämpningen av jurisdiktion tolkas, å ena sidan, den enskilda stadsarkitektens acceptans att själv bestämma över det utförda arbetet. Handlingsutrymme, å andra sidan, tas fast på för att ställa informanternas handlande i relation till vad arbetsbeskrivningen anger, vad organisationen förutsätter, hur arbetsplatsens kulturella klimat inverkar på rollen och inte minst hur individen själv påverkar rollen. Eftersom enskilda individer står i centrum för undersökningen aktualiseras fältarbete genom intervjuer varav stadsarkitekterna utgör nyckelpersonerna för att besvara det aktuella arbetets forskningsfrågor. En viktigt slutsats är att samtliga informanter betraktar sin roll som den kvalitetssäkrande funktionen för stadens byggda miljö. Stadsarkitektens del i planeringen kan därmed tillföra stadsplaneringen ett element för att sammanföra projektens ekonomi med god form, funktion och gestalt. Rollen är dock i hög grad beroende av överordnade tjänstemän och politiken. Ytterligare en viktigt slutsats är att den enskilda utövaren av stadsarkitektrollen har möjlighet att forma själva rollen. Att ha rollen som stadsarkitekt innebär således ansvaret att markera vad funktionen ska innebära i den tillhörande organisationen. Det visar sig att omorganisering ger särskilt utrymme för stadsarkitektrollen att formas av positionsinnehavaren själv. Slutligen dras även slutsatsen att stadsarkitekten är högt beroende av överordnade chefer och förtroendevalda för att försvara, upprätthålla och utvidga sin position och på så vis gynna sin legitimitet och inte minst sin jurisdiktion
The upper bound of information diffusion in code review
No full textBackground Code review, the discussion around a code change among humans, forms a communication network that enables its participants to exchange and spread information. Although reported by qualitative studies, our understanding of the capability of code review as a communication network is still limited. Objective In this article, we report on a first step towards understanding and evaluating the capability of code review as a communication network by quantifying how fast and how far information can spread through code review: the upper bound of information diffusion in code review. Method In an in-silico experiment, we simulate an artificial information diffusion within large (Microsoft), mid-sized (Spotify), and small code review systems (Trivago) modelled as communication networks. We then measure the minimal topological and temporal distances between the participants to quantify how far and how fast information can spread in code review. Results An average code review participants in the small and mid-sized code review systems can spread information to between 72 % and 85 % of all code review participants within four weeks independently of network size and tooling; for the large code review systems, we found an absolute boundary of about 11 000 reachable participants. On average (median), information can spread between two participants in code review in less than five hops and less than five days. Conclusion We found evidence that the communication network emerging from code review scales well and spreads information fast and broadly, corroborating the findings of prior qualitative work. The study lays the foundation for understanding and improving code review as a communication network
Deep multi-view feature fusion with data augmentation for improved diabetic retinopathy classification
No full textDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, necessitating early detection to prevent severe visual impairment. Despite numerous proposed classification techniques, challenges persist due to the high parameter count of deep learning algorithms, imbalanced datasets, and limited performance. This study introduces a novel framework for DR classification that leverages multi-view deep features, multilinear whitened principal component analysis, tensor exponential discriminant analysis, synthetic minority oversampling technique, and deep random forest. We evaluated this architecture using the APTOS blindness dataset under a standard protocol. The results demonstrate that our architecture significantly improves classification accuracy, surpassing existing methods. Our contributions highlight a promising approach for enhancing DR classification performance
Ett förändrat mikroklimat : En flerfallstudie om kommuners arbete med mikroklimat inom klimatanpassningsarbetet
No full textSverige står inför de utmaningar som klimatförändringarnas effekter medför. Till följd av detta förväntas fler fall av extremväder som extrema temperaturer, värmeböljor och stormar, vilka alla påverkar människans hälsa och kan leda till sjukdoms- och dödsfall. Inom fysisk planering ses klimatanpassningsarbetet som en viktig del för att skydda människors hälsa. Utformningen och planeringen av städer är en faktor som både kan förstärka och mildra effekterna av klimatförändringarna. Däremot är flera urbana miljöer inte anpassade utefter rådande klimatförhållanden, vilket medför ohälsosamma urbana miljöer på grund av ständig skugga, värmeöar och ökade nivåer av luftföroreningar. Effekterna påverkar klimatet i samtliga skalor, därtill mikroskalan vilken är starkt påverkbar och kan medföra positiva såväl negativa konsekvenser för människors hälsa. Oönskade mikroklimat beror delvis på att fysisk planering och urban mikroklimatologi i viss utsträckning utvecklats separat, vilket medfört att mikroklimatologin försummats i praktiken inom fysisk planering. På senare tid har mikroklimatologin fått ökad uppmärksamhet i klimatanpassningsarbete för att motverka direkt hälsofara och bidra med termisk komfort. I flerfallstudien undersöks, genom innehållsanalys, hur mikroklimatologin implementeras i kommunal fysisk planering som kunskap och verktyg för att hantera klimatet och således uppnå god hälsa. Vidare undersöks kommuners arbete i relation till människors upplevelse av klimatet i den urbana miljön, genom enkätundersökning. Studien visar att begreppet mikroklimat inte vanligen förekommer. Däremot är mikroklimatogin integrerad i kommunal fysiska planering eftersom kommunerna belyser kunskap och verktyg om hur solstrålning, vind, luftkvalitet, luftfuktighet och lufttemperatur kan modifieras i en mindre och större skala. Vidare visar studien att kommunerna arbetar med strategier och samverkan utifrån ett holistiskt perspektiv, vilket krävs för att uppnå god hälsa. Slutligen visar enkätundersökningen att klimatet vanligen upplevs behaglig i urbana miljöer, emellertid att det finns brist på skydd från sol och vind vilket tyder på att kommunernas klimatanpassningsarbete har potential att utvecklas.
Sustainable energy saving with Artificial Intelligence for climate neutral buildings : Using ChatGPT, DeepSeek and Copilot
No full textAs energy consumption continues to rise in modern buildings, improving efficiency has become a critical part of the fight against climate change. Europe is no exception; actions have been taken within the European Union that affect all member states, with initiatives such as the European Green Deal and Horizon Europe placing strong emphasis on sustainable innovation and digitalization. One major focus is the housing sector, which, according to some experts, accounts for 30–40% of all greenhouse gas emissions today. The work in this study contributes to the ongoing discussion on how Artificial Intelligence (AI) could be integrated into smart infrastructure to improve energy efficiency and empower users with accessible, competent recommendations. If we are successful in showing this, it could be a huge steppingstone for future work where governments are trying to undergo large adjustments as in the EU where 70% of the existing buildings are built before the year 2000 and renovations are underway within the entire region. This study explores whether generative AI can be a viable tool in addressing this issue. Specifically, it examines the extent to which AI is currently used in buildings, given how accessible today’s large language models (LLMs) are to the public, and whether the energy-saving advice they offer is practical and consistent across models. This will then be cross-examined with data gathered from the Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning (Boverket) and real-world building environments is used to analyze energy recommendations patterns from energy experts, predict consumption trends, and evaluate the effectiveness of AI-generated suggestions. To explore this, we have evaluated how generative AI models, both untrained and trained with real-world data, perform in proposing standardized energy-saving measures for different building types. The results show that AI can complement existing measures and align with the EU’s broader sustainability goals. The study also highlights differences between the AI services tested, emphasizing the importance of selecting the appropriate model for the intended application. Overall, the findings support the conclusion that AI can serve as a practical tool for generating building-specific energy-saving recommendations.
A Comparative Analysis of Subresource Integrity (SRI) vs. Content Security Policy (CSP) for Resource Integrity Verification : A Comparative Study of SRI and CSP Effectiveness
No full textBackground: Web applications increasingly rely on third-party resources, introducing significant security challenges. Attackers can exploit vulnerabilities in resource integrity to inject malicious code, steal user data, or disrupt functionality. SubresourceIntegrity (SRI) and Content Security Policy (CSP) are two security mechanisms designed to mitigate these risks by ensuring the integrity of external resources and controlling content execution. However, their effectiveness in preventing web-based attacks remains a topic of discussion. Objectives: This research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of SRI and CSP to evaluate their roles in verifying resource integrity and preventing web-based attacks. The study seeks to determine their respective strengths, limitations, and practical applications in enhancing web security. Methods: This study employs a qualitative approach, combining a literature review with attack simulations. The literature review identifies key strengths, limitations, and implementation challenges of SRI and CSP. The attack simulations are designed based on real-world vulnerabilities, testing both mechanisms against common threats, including XSS, resource tampering, and man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. Results: The findings reveal that SRI effectively prevents resource tampering attacks, but is limited to static external resources and does not protect against inline script injection. CSP, when correctly configured, mitigates a broader range of threats, including inline script execution and mixed-content attacks. However, misconfiguration, such as allowing ’unsafe-inline’ scripts, can render CSP ineffective. Conclusion: The study underscores the necessity of combining SRI and CSP for a layered security approach. SRI is highly effective for ensuring resource integrity, while CSP provides broader content control but requires careful configuration. The findings highlight the critical need for improved developer education and tooling to facilitate proper implementation. Future research should explore automation and integration strategies to enhance the adoption and effectiveness of these security mechanisms in modern web applications
Ofriska Tvivlare och Transformationsförmågor
No full textTillägg till Forskningspolitikk nr 1, vol.48, 2025 </p
Enhanced Measurement and Prediction in Sensor-Equipped Metal Cutting Tools : A Model Based Approach for Force Estimation and Tool Wear Monitoring
No full textSensor-equipped cutting tools enhance metal machining by allowing real-time monitoring of cutting forces, tool deflection, vibrations, and tool condition, improving process control and tool life. However, challenges such as noise, transfer path distortion, and inaccurate force estimation due to tool wear limit current solutions. This research integrates cutting force models, signal processing, and system identification to enhance measurement accuracy, prediction capabilities, and real-time monitoring for machining optimization. This thesis establishes a framework to enhance the performance and reliability of sensor-equipped cutting tools by addressing how tool dynamics affect sensor data. Improving measurement quality improves the predictive capabilities of these tools, making them adaptable to various cutting tool configurations and applications. A key contribution is an extended Kienzle-Sağlam force model that incorporates tool wear effects, enabling precise cutting force predictions and real-time tool wear monitoring. Additionally, an analytical approach for modeling strain-force transfer functions in metal cutting tools, combined with inverse filtering, corrects signal distortions in dynamic load estimations caused by tool dynamics. The developed methods can be used to improve the accuracy when estimating dynamic loads and tool-tip deflection, addressing limitations of statically calibrated systems. This thesis presents a model-based method that accurately estimates dynamic loads and displacements in sensor-equipped cutting tools using strain response data. Validated through simulations and experiments, this method provides a foundation for continuing research aimed at adapting it for real-world applications, supporting the in-process monitoring of tool condition, machining stability, and surface quality
Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced B2B Customer Lifecycle Management in Telecommunications
No full textThis work investigates the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into customer lifecycle management (CLM) with a specific focus on business-to-business (B2B) customers within the telecommunications sector. The research highlights the importance of effectively managing customer expectations and experiences across various stages of their relationship with a company, from brand recognition to potential churn. It emphasizes the need for businesses to leverage AI to enhance decision-making, personalize customer journeys, and optimize customer lifetime value to stay competitive in saturated markets. We conducted a literature review to provide a more complete view of AI in CLM and to identify research gaps, particularly in practical AI implementations aimed at improving customer lifecycles. The work aims to provide actionable insights and models applicable to organizations seeking to utilize AI in their CLM strategies. We employed an empirical approach to evaluate our proposed methods and AI models, which showed a good capability in predicting churn in B2B, email response time in customer service, and non-routing email detection. Throughout this work, we have taken a practical approach and based all work on real-world data to demonstrate a potential business impact
Supporting the identification of prevalent quality issues in code changes by analyzing reviewers’ feedback
No full textContext: Code reviewers provide valuable feedback during the code review. Identifying common issues described in the reviewers’ feedback can provide input for devising context-specific software development improvements. However, the use of reviewer feedback for this purpose is currently less explored. Objective: In this study, we assess how automation can derive more interpretable and informative themes in reviewers’ feedback and whether these themes help to identify recurring quality-related issues in code changes. Method: We conducted a participatory case study using the JabRef system to analyze reviewers’ feedback on merged and abandoned code changes. We used two promising topic modeling methods (GSDMM and BERTopic) to identify themes in 5,560 code review comments. The resulting themes were analyzed and named by a domain expert from JabRef. Results: The domain expert considered the identified themes from the two topic models to represent quality-related issues. Different quality issues are pointed out in code reviews for merged and abandoned code changes. While BERTopic provides higher objective coherence, the domain expert considered themes from short-text topic modeling more informative and easy to interpret than BERTopic-based topic modeling. Conclusions: The identified prevalent code quality issues aim to address the maintainability-focused issues. The analysis of code review comments can enhance the current practices for JabRef by improving the guidelines for new developers and focusing discussions in the developer forums. The topic model choice impacts the interpretability of the generated themes, and a higher coherence (based on objective measures) of generated topics did not lead to improved interpretability by a domain expert.