Blekinge Institute of Technology
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Organizing for Product Development : A Framework for Structuring Agile Organizations
No full textAs organizations increasingly integrate digital product development into their core business, structuring the development organization and workflows effectively becomes critical. Yet, there is no one recipe that tells executives how to design their organizations for success. We explore four approaches to organizing product development, drawing on Mintzberg’s organizational structures, and visualizes ways to bridge the gap between software developers and traditional organizational structures. We categorize four organizations along a spectrum from interface-based models to highly integrated product organizations, highlighting key differences in strategic decision-making, autonomy, and cross-functional collaboration. Our findings contribute to the ongoing discussion on large-scale agile transformations and provide practical guidance for navigating the shifts toward a product-centric operational models
Patienter med afasis upplevelser av kommunikation inom hälso- och sjukvården : En allmän litteraturöversikt
No full textBakgrund: Mellan 7000 – 10 000 personer drabbas i Sverige varje år av afasi. Afasi leder bland annat till svårigheter med kommunikationen. Kommunikationen utgör en viktig del för både sjuksköterskan och patient inom hälso- och sjukvården för att uttrycka svårigheter och identifiera behov. Kommunikationssvårigheter hos patienter med afasi gör att möten med hälso- och sjukvården kan vara utmanande då en brist på förståelse av information kan äventyra möjligheten till en säker vård. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienter med afasis upplevelser av kommunikation inom hälso- och sjukvården. Metod: Studien utgick från Fribergs design av en allmän litteraturöversikt av kvantitativ och kvalitativ forskning, med en induktiv ansats. Resultat: Resultatet baseras på sju vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ design där två huvudteman framkom: upplevelser av hinder i kommunikationen och upplevelser av förbättring i kommunikationen. Slutsats: Patienter med afasi upplevde att den hektiska avdelningsmiljön, det egna medicinska tillståndet, sjukvårdspersonalens tidsbrist och ej fungerande kommunikationsstrategier utgjorde hinder i kommunikationen. Patienter upplevde däremot att kommunikationen kunde vara lyckad vid användning av specifika kommunikationsstrategier såsom icke-verbal kommunikation. Sjukvårdspersonalen behöver skapa en individanpassad kommunikationssmiljö där patientens värderingar och behov kan förmedlas och en säker vård kan bli möjlig
Gamifying Communication of BEV knowledge at Scania : Investigating games as the way forward for increased battery electric vehicle (BEV) awareness among Scania’s potential customers
No full textIn recent times, gamification has been observed to have positive effects when observed in various contexts including within businesses. The study’s overall goal is to together with Scania, a leading transport solutions provider in battery electric vehicle (BEV) trucks, investigate how a game can be designed to communicate relevant BEV knowledge for future use within the company, resulting in a so-called ‘serious game’, a game which purpose is something other than that of entertainment. This study employs an expert-guided iterative design process anchored in current serious games design literature in order toguide development. The result highlights key features important to the game's structure, which are then interpreted and discussed. Conclusions are derived from both the execution of the design process itself and the development of the game, finding that for example ‘Stealth learning’ via integrated gameplay proved impactful, and that overall, a serious game approach holds great potential within Scania.På senare tid har gamifiering visat sig ha positiva effekter i olika sammanhang, även inom företag. Studiens övergripande mål är att tillsammans med Scania, en ledande leverantör av transportlösningarför batteri-elektriska fordon (BEV) lastbilar, undersöka hur ett spel kan designas för att förmedla relevant kunskap om BEV för framtida bruk inom företaget, vilket resulterar i ett så kallat ”seriöst spel”, ett spelv ars syfte är annat än ren underhållning. Denna studie använder en expertledd iterativ designprocessförankrad i aktuell forskning om seriösa spel för att vägleda utvecklingen. Resultatet lyfter fram nyckelfunktioner som är viktiga för spelets struktur, som sedan tolkas och diskuteras. Slutsatserna dras både från själva genomförandet av designprocessen och från utvecklingen av spelet, där det bland annat konstateras att ”stealth learning” genom integrerat gameplay visade sig vara effektivt, och att ‘seriösa spel’ som ett tillvägagångssätt har stor potential inom Scania
Prediction and classification of diabetic retinopathy using machine learning techniques
No full textDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a progressive and sight-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by damage to the blood vessels in the retina. Early detection of DR is vital for timely intervention and effective management to prevent irreversible vision loss. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in integrating machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques for diagnosing DR, aiming to assist ophthalmologists in their manual diagnostic process. The paper presents a comprehensive definition of DR, elucidating the underlying pathological processes, clinical signs, and the various stages of DR classification, ranging from mild non-proliferative to severe proliferative DR. Integrating ML and DL in DR diagnosis has developed the field by offering automated and efficient methods and techniques to analyze retinal images. With high sensitivity and specificity, these techniques demonstrate their efficacy in accurately identifying DR-related lesions, such as microaneurysms, exudates, and hemorrhages. Furthermore, the paper examines diverse datasets employed in training and evaluating ML and DL models for DR diagnosis. These datasets range from publicly available repositories to specialized datasets curated by medical institutions. The role of large-scale and diverse datasets in enhancing model robustness and generalizability is emphasized.
Agential Realist Anticipation
No full textWith this paper we want to contribute to both anticipation studies and game studies by addressing how futures get made. By exploring the concept of anticipation in relation to game design, using Karen Barad's agential realism, we argue that anticipation should not be confused with prediction but rather seen as a fundamental force that shapes our experience of the world. By using agential realism as a framework and games as context, we show how subject/object relations are continuously (re)configured through intra-actions, and how agency arises in specific situations. An experimental game, Lightning Dice illustrates how anticipation and measurements interact to create different future possibilities. By changing the game's rules and measurement methods, it demonstrates how different patterns and power dynamics can emerge. The paper concludes by revisiting a design approach called re-verb, outlining a collaborative design workshop in which participants will explore anticipation and agency. The workshop aims to spark questions and further research on anticipation with respect to AI
Proceedings of Maglev 2024, Volume II : projects, implementations, sustainabiblity and social inpacts
No full textRealizations of free actions via their fixed point algebras
No full textLet G be a compact group, let B be a unital C*-algebra, and let (A, G, a) be a free C*-dynamical system, in the sense of Ellwood, with fixed point algebra B. We prove that (A, G, a) can be realized as the G-continuous part of the invariants of an equivariant coaction of G on a corner of B ⊕ K(H) for a certain Hilbert space H that arises from the freeness of the action.This extends a result byWassermann for free and ergodic C*-dynamical systems. As an application, we show that any faithful *-representation of B on a Hilbert space HB gives rise to a faithful covariant representation of (A, G, a) on some truncation of HB ⊕ H
Digital Life Stories to Support Person-Centred Care of Older People with Dementia : Dynamic Documents
No full textBackground: Dementia is an umbrella term for diseases characterised by a progressive decline in cognition, social functioning and behavioural changes appearing in a state of clear consciousness. A person-centred approach emphasises the life-world perspective and allows the person to be involved and make decisions, influencing the care and treatment provided. Healthcare professionals should strive for personal care and a caring environment by tailoring nursing to the person's needs, preferences, abilities, and goals. In person-centred care, it is crucial to know the person, and life story work is one way to accomplish this in daily care by helping older people maintain their identities by reminiscing and sharing their stories. Life story work should be an ongoing process together with the older person and their close relatives. A life story in digital form can be a living document that is easily accessible and easy to use and update. Aims: This licentiate thesis aims to summarise and describe the advantages and obstacles of healthcare professionals using digital life stories in daily care for older people with dementia to support person-centred care. Methods: In study I, a scoping review with five stages described by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) was chosen because it was an appropriate way to obtain a quick overview of the extent of the research field regarding the use of digital life stories. The data was analysed using qualitative content analysis of the studies’ full text, according to Hsieh and Shannon’s (2005) method. In study II, semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted. Questions were designed to be open and focused to support data validity and encourage dynamic discussions. This qualitative descriptive study was designed to describe healthcare professionals’ experiences using life stories in the daily care of older people with dementia. An inductive thematic analysis, inspired by Braun and Clarke (2012), was used to systematically identify, organise, and provide an understanding of patterns of meaning. For this study, 15 assistant nurses were recruited with purposeful sampling. Results: The key findings were that digital life stories enable personal content, like photos, music, and videos, and may improve symmetric interaction and communication. Life stories can facilitate activities based on the person’s wishes and needs. A digital life story is beneficial for handling behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Integrating digital life stories into daily care could also improve new employees’ communication skills, communication with close relatives could be improved, and relatives can update content and keep up with moments through photos uploaded by the care setting. Life story work in digital form can support a person’s privacy, preserve dignity, and help reconnect to memories. There were concerns regarding time constraints and technical issues, and some obstacles using a digital life story concerned physical barriers. It appears preferable if the older person wrote the life story so it could indeed be their story. Conclusion: This research highlights the benefits of using life stories as a communication tool in daily care to support person-centred care of older people with dementia. Digital life stories can facilitate symmetric communication and help manage behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Starting life story work early in dementia is crucial. Digital life stories, being easily accessible and updated, can enhance care by aligning with the older person’s evolving needs and preferences. This approach can inform policy, practice, and further research using digital life stories to support person-centred care
Evaluating the Impact of Clustering Algorithms on the Performance of NOMA-Based UAV Networks
No full textNon-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) integrated with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted networks has received significant attention in recent years due to its potential to significantly transform wireless communication systems, offering enhanced spectral efficiency and coverage flexibility. User clustering in such networks plays a crucial role in optimizing system performance and resource allocation. The integration of UAVs as aerial relays in NOMA networks enables simultaneous service to multiple users through power-domain multiplexing, where efficient user clustering becomes essential for optimal network performance. Various clustering algorithms can be employed to group users based on their spatial distribution and channel conditions. In this thesis, we consider a downlink NOMA-based UAV network where multiple UAVs operate as decode-and-forward (DF) relays in half-duplex (HD) mode. The system employs different clustering algorithms, e.g., K-means, K-means++, K-medians, etc., to organize randomly distributed users into optimal clusters. The communication occurs over two hops—the base station (BS) to UAVs and UAVs to users, both experiencing Nakagami-m fading conditions. Comprehensive simulations are conducted using MATLAB to model and evaluate the performance of the NOMA-based UAV network under various clustering algorithms. The system's performance is assessed through two key metrics, i.e., outage probability and sum rate. The simulation framework considers realistic network conditions, such as fading and path loss, to provide accurate performance evaluations. The results demonstrate that the choice of clustering algorithm significantly impacts system performance, particularly as the number of UAVs increases. Furthermore, the study explores how varying fading environments and UAV transmit signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) influence network reliability and capacity. These findings underscore the importance of clustering strategies in maximizing the potential of NOMA-based UAV networks for next-generation wireless communication systems
Physical Layer Security for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Systems with Short Packet Communications
No full textThis study investigates the physical layer security (PLS) within non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems in the context of short packet communications (SPC).The primary objective is to obtain a lower block error rate (BLER) and increased secrecy capacity by analyzing different parameters such as the path loss exponent and packet size while fortifying the security of SPC within the NOMA system. The methodology involves mathematical derivations to quantify parameters like signal to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR)/signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) alongside pivotal performance metrics like BLER and Secrecy Capacity. Furthermore, MATLAB will be employed to visualize the impact of varying parameters on BLER and SecrecyCapacity, corroborating the numerical derivations