Blekinge Institute of Technology
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Hur kan lukt stödja innehåll i spelapplikationer?
No full textUnderhållningsmedia som spel och filmer har, utom i sina späda år, använt ljud tillsammans med bild för att förmedla sina budskap. Genom en skakande spelkontroll för spel eller en skakande stol för film kan dessa media även förmedla budskap genom känsel. Luktsinnet däremot lämnas jämfört med syn, hörsel och känsel till stor del outnyttjat i spel och filmer. I detta kandidatarbete kommer luktspridningsenheter att byggas för att undersöka hur ett digitalt luktspridningssystem kan förstärka och samverka med innehållet i spelapplikationer. Arbetet kommer att rikta in sig på hur lukter kan användas för digitala spelmekaniker och spelmiljöer. Till skillnad från filmer kan spel både förmedla lukter till spelaren och låta spelaren själv orsaka lukter i spelet. Resultatet visade att lukter kan vara både tillägg till digitala spel och en bärande del av dem. Lukter kan således lämpas efter olika slags spelsammanhang.Entertainment media such as games and films have, with the exception of their earliest years, used sound together with picture to convey their messages. Games and films can also convey messages through tactile stimulation by shaking controllers or shaking chairs. However, the sense of smell is left unused in games and films compared to vision, hearing and sense of touch. In this bachelor’s thesis scent emitting devices will be built to investigate how a digital smell-emission system can enhance and integrate with the content in gaming applications. The thesis will focus on how smells can be used for digital game mechanics and game environments. In contrast to films, games can both convey smells to the player and let the player himself cause them in the game. The result showed that smells can be an addition to digital games or a bearing part in them. Thus, smells can be adjusted to different kinds of game contexts
Decision Support through Global Demand Forecasting : Challenges and Directions in Make-To-Order Manufacturing Organisations
No full textDeveloping AI systems for complex real-world settings requires aligning technical development with domain-specific needs. However, a gap often exists between stakeholders and developers; stakeholders may lack technical expertise to express their needs clearly, whereas developers may lack domain knowledge to identify relevant tasks. This thesis aims to bridge that gap by exploring how decision support systems can address complex real-world tasks through tailored technical solutions and evaluation procedures. The work includes a qualitative multiple case study with make-to-order companies to identify and prioritise AI tasks for system development, along with experimental studies that address gaps in intermittent demand forecasting using a novel timing-aware model and evaluation metric. We also conduct a remote sensing ditch detection study for environmental planning. Both cases highlight the need to align models and evaluation procedures with task-specific challenges such as data sparsity, noise, and class imbalance. Our findings show that make-to-order manufacturers prioritise tasks that improve customer understanding, such as demand forecasting and decision risk estimation, as well as production-related tasks like quality inspection and predictive maintenance. Demand forecasting emerged as the most important task, with challenges linked to heterogeneous data stemming from intermittent patterns and numerous unique items. Our experiments show that decomposing demand into timing and magnitude improves forecasting performance, and that timing-aware metrics are essential for fair evaluation on a global scale. The ditch detection case similarly underscores the value of domain-aligned design and evaluation. The thesis contributes empirical insights on industry priorities and technical advances in forecasting and evaluation, emphasising the importance of grounding AI development in real-world conditions
Generating Software Architectural Model from Source Code Using Module Clustering
No full textSoftware maintenance is one of the most expensive phases in software development, especially when complex source code is the only available artifact. Clustering software modules and generating a structured architectural model can significantly reduce the effort and cost of maintenance. This study aims to achieve high-quality modularization by maximizing intra-cluster cohesion, minimizing inter-cluster coupling, and optimizing overall modular quality. Since finding optimal clustering is an NP-complete problem, many existing methods suffer from poor modular structures, instability, and inconsistent results. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a module clustering method using a discrete bedbug optimizer. In software architecture, symmetry refers to the balanced and structured arrangement of modules. In the proposed method, module clustering aims to identify and group related modules based on structural and behavioral similarities, reflecting symmetrical properties in the source code. Conversely, asymmetries, such as modules with irregular dependencies, can indicate architectural flaws. The method was evaluated on ten widely used real-world software datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm consistently delivers superior modularization quality, with an average score of 2.806 and a well-balanced trade-off between cohesion and coupling. Overall, this research presents an effective solution for software module clustering and provides better architecture recovery and more maintainable systems.
Den täta stadens gröna ytor : Grönytefaktor och mångfunktionella grönytor i tätbebyggd stad
No full textKlimatförändringarna är något som blir mer och mer aktuellt i alla aspekter av vardagen. Inte minst för framtida urbana miljöer. Samtidigt skapar utvecklingen av urbana miljöer ytterligare problem som drabbar både urbana miljöer och allmänhälsan hos invånarna. Klimatförändringarna bidrar med problem som höjda medeltemperaturer och ökad nederbörd som leder till både varmare och blötare städer, förtätning av urbana miljöer bidrar också till att mång av de grönytor som finns i urbana miljöer idag byggs bort. Tillsammans gör det att fenomen som urban heat islands (UHI) och översvämningar bildas. När grönytor i urbana miljöer försvinner minskar också chanserna för städer att kunna hantera översvämningar och till att temperaturerna lokalerna stiger ännu mer vilket i värsta fall kan leda till dödsfall. För att kunna hantera grönytor och öka mängden av dem vid förtätning av urbana miljöer skapades konceptet 3-30-300. Konceptet innebär att det ska gå att se minst 3 träd från fönstret, att varje kvarter ska ha en trädkronstäckning på minst 30% och att ingen ska ha längre än 300 meter till en park. Där konceptet brister är att det inte presenterar olika typer av grönytor som kan implementeras vid förtätning och inte heller vilka funktioner som borde finnas på grönytorna i urbana miljöer. Det här arbetet undersöker hur konceptet 3-30-300 kan utvecklas för att kunna bli mer heltäckande för multifunktionella grönytor och hur en befintlig grön stadsdel uppfyller kraven för konceptet 3-30-300. Arbetet undersöker också hur en utveckling av konceptet 3-30-300 kan användas för att utforma ett omvandlingsförslag som också omfattar olika typer av grönytor med många funktioner. Utifrån en fallstudie av Augustenborg i Malmö skapades ett designkoncept som utvecklar konceptet 3-30-300; [1] olika typer av grönytor och [2] mångfunktionella grönytor. Detta användes sedan för att skapa ett gestaltningsförslag i kvarteret Muddret i Karlskrona kommun som omfattar olika typer av mångfunktionella grönytor och grundkonceptet 3-30-300. Genom fallstudien och gestaltningsförslaget gick det att dra slutsatsen att även om en stadsdel som idag anses vara väldigt grön kan den fortfarande ha svårt att uppnå alla kraven i grundkonceptet 3-30-300. Däremot går det att öka tillgängligheten till gröna ytor om exempelvis gröna väggar och vistelsevänliga gröna tak implementeras. För att få in så mycket grönska som möjligt i form av gröna mellanytor med träd och buskar så innebär det att platsen för bilar ävenledes kommer att behöva minskas jämfört med idag
Dryckflaska med två öppningar
No full textThis project aims to develop a drinking bottle that is hygiene-friendly, sustainable, and functional, with a particular focus on active families and children. The goal is to create a drinking bottle that is not only easy to use but also promotes good hygiene and reduces the risk of infection transmission. To achieve this, a stainless steel bottle with double openings and a rotatable construction has been designed, facilitating cleaning and improving hygiene standards. Market research performed shows that the target group prefers metal bottles with simple openings, which offers opportunities for differentiation from plastic-based competitors. In addition, sustainability has been a central part of the development, where the use of environmentally friendly materials has been prioritized to minimize environmental impact and promote a more sustainable lifestyle. Through concept development and CAD modeling, a prototype has been created that combines user-friendliness, hygiene, and sustainability in an innovative way. In summary, the project strives to offer a drinking bottle that not only meets market and target group needs but also contributes to a healthy and environmentally friendly solution for everyday use.
A Physical Layer Security Framework for Industrial Sensor Network Utilizing Integrated Infrared Handshaking and Visual Light Communication
No full textThis paper introduces a novel Physical Layer Security (PLS) framework tailored for LiFi-based sensor networks within industrial environments. The proposed system comprises multiple sensor nodes, each equipped with at least three radar sensors integrating both infrared (IR) and visible light communication (VLC) subsystems. The IR subsystem employs a handshake protocol, activating the IR transmitter when data is ready for transmission and ensuring the receiver is prepared to establish a secure link. Upon successful IR handshake, the VLC subsystem initiates data communication between sensors. Additionally, the IR subsystem monitors for mobile obstacles, pausing transmission if discontinuities are detected, thereby maintaining link integrity. Environmental factors, such as walls, significantly influence the secrecy rate performance; hence, the system utilizes parallel alignment of transmitters and receivers to optimize the signal-to-background ratio. The proposed system is examined by simulation and the feasibility results are presented. The results shows that this architecture enhances the robustness and security of inter-sensor communication in challenging industrial settings.
Blood biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease : Reliable change and impacts of renal and blood–brain barrier function
No full textIntroduction: Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have the potential to improve diagnostic accessibility, but their clinical interpretation requires understanding of variability and biological influences. Methods: We repeatedly sampled blood from 57 adults referred for lumbar puncture as part of a cognitive evaluation at a memory clinic. We measured serum phosphorylated- tau-181 (s-p-tau181) and plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 ratio (p-Aβ42/Aβ40) and evaluated the impact of renal and blood–brain barrier (BBB) function. Results: Test–retest analysis revealed large variability of s-p-tau181 and small for p-Aβ42/Aβ40. Markers of renal function and BBB integrity significantly influenced s-p-tau181 levels, whereas p-Aβ42/Aβ40 was not affected. Discussion: This study emphasizes the need for caution when interpreting longitudinal changes in s-p-tau181. Inter-individual variability is to a large degree due to susceptibility to biological influences where a novel association with integrity of BBB function were identified. These results have implications for the clinical application of blood-based biomarkers in AD diagnostics and monitoring. Highlights: Blood phosphorylated- tau-181 (p-tau181) shows high test–retest variability in memory clinic patients. Blood amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40 ratio is stable but has poor diagnostic accuracy. Renal function and blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity affect blood p-tau181 levels. Caution is needed when interpreting longitudinal changes in blood p-tau181. Renal and BBB disorders should be considered when assessing blood p-tau181.
Bridging laboratory and industrial practices in sheared edge ductility evaluation
No full textMechanical shearing introduces a material limit lower than the onset of local necking. This new limit is critical for understanding and predicting material performance in industrial forming applications. The sheared edge condition, influenced by strain hardening and microstructural damage, reduces ductility in the shear-affected zone, posing challenges for reliable characterization and numerical prediction. This study presents an approach that integrates finite element modelling (FEM) with geometric shape matching to establish a practical, simulation-compatible material limit for sheared-edge formability. Instead of relying on localized strain measurements, the methodology determines the punch displacement in FEM simulations that best replicates the experimentally observed deformed geometry of Hole Expansion Capacity (HEC) test specimens, along with the corresponding maximum deformation of elements at the stretched edges. The method proves effective for industrial forming processes, enhancing FEM-based edge failure prediction and providing a valuable tool for process optimization and defect troubleshooting in sheet metal forming.
Shifting Symbols : Consumer Perceptions and Supplier Strategies in the Rise of Lab-Grown Diamonds
No full textBackground: The global diamond industry is undergoing profound transformation as lab-grown diamonds (LGDs) emerge as a credible alternative to natural diamonds. While LGDs are chemically identical and marketed as ethical and affordable, natural diamonds remain culturally entrenched in symbolism, heritage, and prestige. This disruption has created tensions between evolving consumer expectations and the defensive or adaptive strategies of traditional suppliers. Purpose: This thesis examined how consumers perceive and choose between natural and lab-grown diamonds, and how suppliers adapt their branding and messaging in response to LGD market growth. It explored two interlinked questions: (1) what factors shape consumer perceptions and purchasing choices, and (2) how suppliers frame their strategies to align with—or resist—these evolving meanings Method: A mixed-method design was employed. Quantitative data were collected via a Google Forms survey (N = 201) distributed across European networks. The survey measured demographics, purchase history, preferences (self vs. gift), environmental and ethical considerations, brand trust, symbolic associations, and reactions to marketing frames. Reliability testing and non-parametric analyses were conducted in SPSS and Minitab. To complement this, a semi-structured interview with Henri Keesje, a veteran diamond trader and founder of the Antwerp Diamond Business Academy, provided qualitative insight into supplier strategies and industry dynamics. Results and analysis: The survey revealed strong generational patterns: Baby Boomers and Gen X leaned toward natural diamonds, Millennials were most open to LGDs, while Gen Z disproportionately reported “no preference.” Symbolic associations (e.g., diamonds as love/commitment) were significantly stronger among older cohorts. Women showed greater openness to LGDs than men, though gender effects were modest. Across the sample, nearly half of respondents expressed no clear preference, highlighting low baseline awareness. The interview confirmed this ambivalence, emphasizing LGD brands’ agility on social media, the contested nature of sustainability claims, and the geographic shift of diamond trading from Antwerp toward Surat and Dubai. Conclusions: Findings suggest a fragmented market where symbolic traditions still anchor natural diamonds in milestone contexts, while affordability, sustainability, and digital marketing position LGDs as attractive to younger consumers. The large “no preference” segment underscores a knowledge gap: ethical openness does not automatically translate into decisive preferences without education and framing. On the supply side, natural diamond actors maintain heritage narratives, while LGD brands pursue disruptive, digitally native strategies. Recommendations for future research: Future studies should broaden to multi-country, representative samples, model the undecided majority as a distinct segment, and employ conjoint or experimental designs to quantify trade-offs across contexts. Supplier-side research should expand beyond a single case to compare strategies across hubs (Antwerp, Surat, Dubai) and roles (miners, manufacturers, retailers). Testing the effectiveness of evidence-based sustainability messaging would also address skepticism and bridge the gap between framing and consumer meaning
Interference Mitigation for Automotive Radars Based on Principle Component Analysis
No full textAutomotive functions such as advanced driver assistance (ADAS) and autonomous driving (AD) lead to the requirement of deploying radars in vehicles. These automotive radars interfere with each other when vehicles are in traffic, called mutual interference. Interference causes a decrease in target detection probability and an increase in false alarm rate simultaneously. This can make automotive functions dependent on automotive radars unreliable. Mitigating interference is therefore important for efficient deployment of automotive radars. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for interference mitigation based on principal component analysis (PCA) using the Alternating Least Square (ALS) algorithm. The method is tested successfully with a set of signals obtained from the radar measurement in the server interference environment.