Blekinge Institute of Technology
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From research to practice : a strategic approach to bridging the implementation gap in sustainable mobility research in East Africa
No full textBridging the gap between academic research and practical implementation remains a major challenge in the transition toward sustainable urban mobility—especially in rapidly growing cities of the Global South. This paper examines the applicability of the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) and its ABCD planning process in supporting real-world action in four East African cities: Nairobi, Kigali, Dar es Salaam and Kisumu. Drawing on participatory co-creation workshops, stakeholder interviews, and city-level strategy development, the analysis explores how systemic thinking and strategic dialogue can help identify critical gaps in governance, infrastructure, and institutional trust. The findings reveal that while many mobility strategies are visionary, they often lack integrated implementation pathways. However, elements of the ABCD approach were evident in practice, demonstrating how structured, participatory methods can build consensus, align actions with sustainability principles, and enhance local ownership. The study suggests that more systematic integration of the FSSD framework in implementation-oriented projects could further bridge the research–practice divide. This paper contributes to the literature on method application and research-practice translation, offering lessons for urban planners, policymakers, and researchers seeking to navigate the complexity of sustainable mobility transitions in developing contexts.SOLUTIONSplu
A hybrid approach for accurate skin lesion segmentation using LEDNet and Swin-UMamba
No full textAccurate delineation of skin lesions in images is important for skin cancer detection. Existing methods often struggle with inherent complexities, such as irregular boundaries, textures, and artefacts in skin lesions. The study proposes a hybrid model comprising the edge-accurate LEDNet and Swin-UMamba for multiscale segmentation. The irregular boundaries and complex textures of skin lesions can be captured more effectively through this integration than with previous stand-alone methods. The structure of LEDNet includes components that enable it to segment lesions of various types effectively. Swin-Mamba is an encoder that uses Mamba-based architecture with the additional component of the VSS block. The proposed model is evaluated on the Ph, ISIC-2017 and ISIC-2018 skin cancer datasets and demonstrates robust performance across all datasets. The method achieved a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 0.9734, a sensitivity of 0.9697, a specificity of 0.9858 and an accuracy of 0.9847 with ISIC 2017, DSC of 0.9753, a sensitivity of 0.9494, a specificity of 0.9902 and an accuracy of 0.9713 with ISIC 2018; and a DSC of 0.9801, a sensitivity of 0.9892, a specificity of 0.9966 and an accuracy of 0.9932 with Ph. These results show that the proposed hybrid framework has the potential to bring important benefits in the segmentation of skin lesions and is promising in clinical dermatology.
Aigc-driven human-machine intelligence in ITS : technologies, applications, evaluation framework, challenges, and future directions
No full textThis paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC), a rapidly evolving branch of generative AI, with Human-Machine intelligence (HMI) to enhance the functionality of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). As transportation systems grow increasingly complex, adaptive decision-making becomes essential for interpreting vast streams of real-time data from vehicles, infrastructure, and users. AIGC plays a transformative role in optimizing traffic flow through dynamic routing and real-time traffic management, while human intelligence ensures these systems remain responsive to evolving real-world conditions. For safety, AIGC is used to simulate complex driving scenarios for autonomous vehicle training and detect traffic anomalies, with human oversight providing contextual decisions in ambiguous situations. For sustainability, AIGC supports data-driven strategies to reduce emissions and energy use, while human expertise ensures alignment with ethical and environmental goals. This synergy enhances real-time decision-making, improving both accuracy and adaptability across ITS scenarios. The paper presents a comprehensive review of core and supporting AIGC technologies and their applications across key ITS domains. Case studies and initiatives from industry leaders demonstrate practical implementations of AIGC-driven HMI collaboration. To guide future deployments, we propose a conceptual five-layer evaluation framework for assessing AIGC-HMI systems, encompassing functional performance, human interaction, explainability, ethical compliance, and robustness. We also address challenges such as legacy system integration, data privacy, model bias, and scalability. The paper concludes by outlining future research directions, emphasizing the need for scalable, interpretable, and ethically aligned AIGC models. This work contributes to the development of intelligent, adaptive, and trustworthy transportation systems.
Making Redox Tangible : Physical Models in Electrochemistry Education
No full textThis study addresses the persistent challenges that students face in understanding redox reactions, particularly the link between symbolic and particulate representations in electrochemistry. The purpose was to explore whether physical modeling with clay could enhance the conceptual understanding of electron transfer and oxidation-reduction processes. Two groups of Swedish upper secondary students participated in instructional sessions: Group A used clay models to visualize electron movement, while Group B relied solely on symbolic notation. Data were collected through a written test and follow-up interviews. Results indicate that Group A outperformed Group B in tasks involving metal displacement and identifying the number of electrons transferred in a more complex reaction combining redox and acid-base processes. However, differences were minimal in synthesis reactions and fundamental conceptual questions. Both groups exhibited widespread alternative understandings, although Group A demonstrated fewer alternative understandings and greater accuracy in applying the concept of charge. The findings suggest that clay modeling can support the visualization of electron transfer and reduce alternative understandings but does not independently foster deeper conceptual understanding. The effective integration of modeling with explicit instruction on particulate-level reasoning and scientific terminology is essential in bridging representational gaps in electrochemistry
TEEB : Trans-European Stereoscopic 360-degree Event Broadcasting
No full textAt QoMEX 2024, a stereoscopic 360-degree hybrid conference experience was demonstrated. The camera itself was standing some few meters away from the test person, which meant that the latter could see her-/himself with a latency of one to two seconds. While ACR scores of overall, image quality, depth perception were positive and in line with each other, the latency-related DCR scores were more ambiguous. Corresponding statistics will be shown in this paper along with qualitative feedback from the test persons. The demonstration in 2025 takes the step to a more realistic use case where the stereoscopic 360-degree camera will be placed in Sweden, about 2200 km away from the QoMEX 2025 location in Madrid. Immediate quantitative and qualitative insights are expected to demonstrate the trade-off between image quality and delay perceptions that come with Trans-European Event Broadcasting (TEEB) over various networks
The Rest of the Robots : Generative AI in Post-introductory Computing Education
No full textGenerative AI (GenAI) is playing an increasingly influential role in computing education across all levels, offering new opportunities to support both teaching and learning. However, its effective integration raises critical concerns related to trust, academic integrity, and broader social and ethical implications. While substantial attention has been given to GenAI use in introductory programming courses (e.g., CS0/CS1), there remains a notable gap in research addressing its application in upper-level computing courses, such as software engineering, human-computer interaction, algorithms, operating systems, and theoretical computer science. This working group report presents two complementary studies: A systematic literature review of GenAI interventions in upper-level computing education, and a survey of computing instructors on their practices and perspectives regarding GenAI integration in these contexts. Based on the combined findings, this report presents an overview of current practice and practical guidance for computing instructors. The report is intended to inform the design of engaging, pedagogically sound, and forward-looking curricula that align with modern educational and workforce standards and expectations.
Evaluating Assessment Practices in Team-Based Computing Capstone Projects
No full textTeam-based capstone projects are vital in preparing computer science students for real-world work by developing teamwork, communication, and industry-relevant technical skills. Their assessment, however, is challenging, requiring alignment between academic criteria and external stakeholder expectations, fair evaluation of individual contributions, recognition of diverse skills, and clarity on external partners involvement in the evaluation process. The high stakes of these projects further demand transparent and equitable assessment methods that are perceived as fair by all involved. Our working group (WG) addresses the challenges of capstone project assessment by examining the perspectives of instructors, students, and external stakeholders to support fair and effective evaluation. Building on insights from our previous WG and a comprehensive review of the literature, we used a mixed-methods approach combining online surveys (quantitative) and in-depth interviews (qualitative) with instructors, students, and external stakeholders. In total, we collected 66 survey responses and conducted 30 interviews across multiple countries and institutions, capturing a diverse range of global perspectives on capstone course assessments. Insights from instructors and students revealed several commonalities, for example, in the types of assessed components and the challenges of identifying and addressing non-contributing group members. Our findings also revealed clear variation between instructor and student perspectives on how contributions are measured and weighted. Instructors were reluctant to rely heavily on peer or self-evaluation due to concerns about reliability, preferring scaffolded assessments and early-warning systems to gather contribution data and moderate team dynamics. They viewed contribution-based grading as positive but resource-intensive. Students, in contrast, emphasized the need for more transparency, formative feedback, and accurate recognition of individual contributions. They also expressed concerns about the lack of recognition for hidden labor (e.g., project management, team coordination), assessor inconsistency, and a reluctance to critique peers. Instructors treated peer input as supplementary evidence, whereas students perceived it as high-stakes and socially risky. Stakeholder involvement in assessment was generally limited to providing formative feedback and participating in final showcase events. We also identified generative AI as a rapidly evolving challenge, with both students and instructors seeking guidance on acceptable use and exploring opportunities to automate aspects of assessment. Our results offer actionable evidence-based guidance for designing transparent and equitable assessment practices in team-based computing capstones.
Simulation Environment for Large-scale Evacuation : Modelling Approach and Experimentation
No full textThis report details the development of a comprehensive simulation environment designed to model and analyse large-scale evacuation processes. The primary objective is to provide a structured, operationally relevant framework that represents individual and group responses to evacuation orders, movement through transportation networks, and the influence of infrastructure and resource availability on overall evacuation performance. The environment integrates discrete-event simulation with intelligent agent modelling to operationalize established evacuation principles within a testable and verifiable framework. Development, verification, and experimentation processes are documented, emphasizing model robustness and operational relevance. A case study based on an evacuation scenario in Karlshamn demonstrates the simulation’s ability to capture behavioural dynamics and logistical constraints, enabling scenario analysis, performance assessment, and evidence-based regional preparedness planning. Results highlight strong sensitivity to background traffic, significantly affecting rescue times and overall system performance. In the baseline scenario, private car use achieves the highest efficiency despite infrastructure limitations, whereas public transport - including buses and trains - is constrained by capacity and scheduling dependencies, potentially reducing performance without coordinated implementation. Simulation outputs align with observed traffic dynamics, supporting model validity. The framework also captures the effects of checkpoint configurations, modal distribution, and multi-destination routing on evacuation outcomes.Digital Decision Support for Large-Scale Evacuation (DISTURB
LIS som verktyg i kommunal planering : En fallstudie om målkonflikter och avvägningar i samband med LIS-planering
No full textVi lever i ett alltmer urbaniserat samhälle där våra landsbygder urholkas till förmån för urbana områden. För att bryta denna urbaniseringstrend måste landsbygdskommuner hitta innovationsrika lösningar som gör att gemene man lockas från staden och ut i vår landsbygd. Ett verktyg som kan vara landsbygdens räddning kallas för landsbygdsutveckling i strandnära lägen (LIS). LIS ska möjliggöra för kommuner att exploatera strandnära. Stranden kan ses som en lukrativ resurs med många användningsområden. Historiskt finns ett lagstadgat strandskydd där inskränkningar endast får göras restriktivt. Med hjälp av LIS kan lättnader i strandskyddet vidtas som öppnar upp för strandnära bebyggelse. Denna studie syftar till att reda i hur LIS-som planeringsverktyg används av våra kommuner. Nutida samhällsplanering tenderar att ha stark hållbarhetsinriktning. Strandskyddet speglar ekologisk hållbarhet där utgångspunkten är att bibehålla goda livsvillkor för djur och natur. Samtidigt måste kommuner ges möjlighet att sträva efter ekonomisk hållbarhet. I detta hänseende blir tillväxtarbetet högst relevant. Denna studie utgår från tre kommuner, mer specifikt Malung-Sälen, Vansbro och Norsjö som har en sak gemensamt, alla är glesbygdskommuner. LIS-som planeringsverktyg utforskas med utgångspunkt i dess praktiska applicering, det vill säga hur det används av kommunerna och i vilket syfte. Ekonomisk hållbarhet speglar kommunens intressen att skapa tillväxt. Ekologisk hållbarhet handlar i detta hänseende om att hålla våra strandlinjer fria från exploatering. Det blir således två vitt skilda hållbarhetsprinciper som möts. Detta skapar en spänning som kan beskrivas som målkonflikter där exploatering möter bevaring. För att reda i dessa målkonflikter vänder sig denna studie till kommunikativa och rationella planeringsprinciper. Det är också dessa teorier som används för att analysera insamlat empiriskt material i form av intervjuer och dokumentstudier. Slutsatsen visar på att LIS som planeringsverktyg fyller en stark ekonomisk funktion. Det tillåter kommunerna att exploatera strandnära på idylliska platser. Detta skapar i sin tur attraktiva boendemiljöer som gör att det blir något åtråvärt att bo på landsbygden. Men detta sker inte helt friktionsfritt. Strandnära bebyggelse sker många gånger på bekostnad av ekologiska värden vilket skapar en friktionsbetonad planering
När vården möter våldet : Sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av våld inom primärvården
No full textBakgrund: Våld i nära relation är globalt folkhälsoproblem som berör en av tre kvinnor världen över. Konsekvenser för kvinnors hälsa kan vara både psykiska och fysiska, men det förekommer också sexuella konsekvenser. Primärvården blir ofta den första kontaktpunkten för våldsutsatta kvinnor, viket gör primärvården viktig vid identifierande av våld i nära relation. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att identifiera tecken på våld och remittera kvinnorna vidare för att få rätt hjälp. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter kring att identifiera och bemöta kvinnor som misstänks utsatta för våld i nära relation inom primärvården. Metod: Examensarbetet genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie med integrerande sammanställning av kvalitativ forskning, inspirerad av metasyntes. Litteratursökningen gjordes i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed, vilket resulterade i sju kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna analyserades enligt Friberg (2022b) analysmodell för att identifiera gemensamma teman och mönster i de inkluderade studierna. Resultat: I resultatet framkom brister i både kunskap, utbildning, sjuksköterskans förhållningssätt, och bristande riktlinjer, samverkan mellan olika professioner och säkerheten för både kvinnorna och sjuksköterskan. Slutsats: Slutsatsen av arbetet är att sjuksköterskor från andra kulturer och sjuksköterskor från den äldre generationer har en negativ påverkan på bemötandet och sjuksköterskans förhållningssätt i samband med våld i nära relation. Säkerheten för kvinnorna och för sjuksköterskan har också en negativ påverkan på att våga ställa frågan om våld och där med förloras möjligheten till att identifiera våldet. En positiv påverkan hade däremot utbildningsinsatser som IRIS- programmet på kunskap samt sjuksköterskans förhållningssätt.