Traektoria Nauki
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The Effectiveness of Deed Making Through Video Conferences in the Digital Age
Get PDFThis research aims to analyse the influence of the digital era on civil law evidentiary procedures and the evidentiary power of deeds presented through video conferencing in civil case trials. This normative legal research uses a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. The study found that first, the digital era has encouraged the increase in electronic transactions among the public and provides benefits and benefits with the convenience of conducting electronic transactions, where the strong influence of the digital era has a significant impact on changing the forms that were previously only known as written documents and then turning into electronic documents that can also be used and submitted as evidence in court, especially considering the rapid and massive development and progress of the digital era, of course, it also encourages the urgency of doing notarial deeds through Video Conference. Second, the evidentiary power of deeds presented through video conferences in the trial of civil cases based on positive law in Indonesia is not recognised as electronic evidence. So that notarial deeds other than the exception of Article 77 § 1 of the Company Law, which states that the holding of GMS can also use video conferencing or other electronic media facilities, the rest must remain subject to and comply with the enactment of the UUJN which requires that the authenticity of the making of a Notarial Deed must be in front of a Notary with direct physical presence
Trademark Dispute: Case Study of Supreme Court Decision No 161K/PDT.SUS.HKI/2023
Get PDFThe advancement of science has resulted in human intellectual capabilities to create various works, whether in the form of technological innovations, art, or literature. The dispute between the trademarks MS GLOW and PS GLOW did not conclude in commercial court. Instead, it reached the cassation level with decision No 161k/Pdt.Sus.HKI/2023. This research aims to explain the substance of cassation decision No 161k/Pdt.Sus.HKI/2023 and analyze the considerations made by the cassation judges in that verdict. The study used a normative legal research method utilized legislative, conceptual, and case approaches. The legal materials encompass primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. The analysis technique involved prescriptive analysis, which was then interconnected in such a way as to create coherent and systematic writing. Subsequently, the legal materials were classified and interconnected deductively, allowing for conclusions to be drawn from the core issues formulated. The results of this study explain that the cassation judges, in deciding this case, have disregarded the principles of justice and legal certainty. Additionally, the researcher found errors by the cassation judges in providing legal considerations in this decision
Partnership Model of Islamic Boarding Schools with the Community in Realizing Financial Independence: Study at the Thohir Yasin Masbagik Islamic Boarding School, East Lombok, Indonesia
Get PDFPartnership is a form of cooperation between two or more entities that unite to achieve a common goal. Partnership as a model of cooperation has become an integral aspect of various economic and industrial sectors. The collaboration between the Thohir Yasin Islamic Boarding School in East Lombok and the community has positively supported the institution's smooth running of educational activities. By involving the local community, the Thohir Yasin Islamic boarding school in East Lombok is building partnerships in the business sector. Islamic boarding schools, as centres of traditional Islamic education in Indonesia, have great potential to establish close partnerships with the surrounding community. This research aims to determine the partnership model, partnership planning, and the organization of partnerships and the implementation of partnerships with the community in the business sector to increase the financial independence of the Thohir Yasin Masbagik Islamic boarding School, East Lombok Regency. The research results obtained from ModelpartnershipThohir Yasin Islamic boarding school and the community use an open approach, involving activities from the community in managing the business developed by the Islamic boarding school. The partnership model developed is an innovative step in achieving financial independence and mutual prosperity. By involving teachers, the community and guardians of students around the Islamic boarding school, this model creates a strong synergy between the Islamic boarding school and the surrounding community, making achieving more significant common goals possible. The existence of a business unit managed by the Tohir Yasin East Lombok Islamic Boarding School in partnership with the community can make the Thohir Yasin Islamic Boarding School financially independent. By being economically independent, Islamic boarding schools can improve their facilities without waiting for donations from donors
Optimised Condition Catalytic Upgrading of Agbabu Bitumen in the Presence of Rice Husks
Get PDFIn this study, the optimisation of bitumen collected from Agbabu Ondo State, Nigeria, was upgraded in the presence of rice husks in a nitrogen environment using a 100 ml autoclave batch reactor with the aid of the design expert software. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum conditions for the bitumen upgrading in the presence of rice husks using the Box-Behnken Designed Experiment (BBD). Three mesoporous aluminosilicate catalysts (NiMo/ZSM-5, CoMo/HZSM-5 and Mo/HZSM-5) were used to upgrade the bitumen at the obtained optimised point. The bitumen sample was characterised by saturates (53.48 wt.%), aromatics (12.84 wt.%), resins (15.37 wt.%), asphaltenes (8.86 wt.%) and an initial viscosity of 86.78 Pa.s, API gravity of 7.87 o and density of 1.0153 kg/l. The GC-MS result revealed that there were 42 chemical compounds present in the raw bitumen. The XRF result for the rice husks revealed that the silica to Alumina (SiO2/Al2O3) ratio was 11.89:1. RSM optimisation of the experimental runs with the autoclave reactor gave an optimum condition (Temperature of 345.716 oC, Reaction time of 30 min, and Rice husks of 1.0 wt.%) without employing any of the three mesoporous aluminosilicate catalysts. The responses obtained for the upgraded oil were viscosity 8.34 Pa.s, API gravity 24.520 o, residue yield 22.39 w/w% and light oil yield 50.064 w/w%. The experimental run with NiMo/ZSM-5 catalyst at the optimum conditions was observed to be more effective in the catalytic thermal cracking of the bitumen upgrading process, as the light oil yield was 70.42 w/w%, viscosity of 2.060 Pa.s, API gravity of 29.826o and residue yield of 10.66 w/w% compared to what was obtained from CoMo/HZSM-5 and Mo/HZSM-5 mesoporous aluminosilicate catalysts. The FT-IR and GC-MS of the upgraded Agbabu bitumen testified that the level of upgrade of the bituminous oil was satisfactory as the raw Agbabu bitumen had an initial viscosity of 86.780 Pa.s, API gravity of 7.87 o and density of 1.0153 kg/l in which all the initial core properties of the bitumen have shifted satisfactorily after the bitumen upgrade to produce light oil that fell within the acceptable range of refinery feedstock specifications for refining processes in the vacuum distillation unit (VDU)
Biogas and Biofertilizer From Waste: A Review
Get PDFBio-resources, particularly non-fossil biogenic materials, offer sustainable energy production, waste management, and soil enrichment solutions. Biogas technology, leveraging anaerobic digestion (AD), transforms diverse organic wastes into methane, an eco-friendly energy source. This review highlights the potential of bio-fertilizer and biogas production from various waste types, including animal, plant, sewage sludge, and agricultural residues. Animal waste, mainly cow dung and poultry droppings, is an effective substrate for biogas production, with co-digestion methods enhancing yield and efficiency. It also revealed that blending poultry droppings with banana peels or cow manure with delignified spent coffee grounds optimizes the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, improving biogas and bio-fertilizer yields. Plant waste, such as water hyacinth and Ulva sp. seaweed, also shows promise when co-digested with animal waste. The review further noted that adding biochar to plant waste significantly enhances biogas production and improves the nutritional value of spent slurry, making it suitable as a bio-fertilizer. Chemical pretreatments of agricultural residues like wheat straw further ensured increased biogas yield and improved the biomethane production kinetic. This review observed that sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants significantly boosts biogas production, particularly when co-digested with food waste. Adjusting optimal mixing ratios and mechanical mixing techniques enhanced biogas yield and energy potential, while the resulting digestate meets regulatory standards for use as a soil conditioner. This review underscores the economic and environmental benefits of optimizing biogas and bio-fertilizer production, particularly in regions like Nigeria, where such practices can address challenges in electricity generation, fertilizer costs, and waste management
Poverty Profile and Social Capital Dimensions of Rural Farms Households in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria
Get PDFThe poverty profile of rural farm households belonging to association(s) in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria's southern region, was examined. The analysis focused on the characteristics of these households, the dimensions of social capital, and the benefits derived from association membership. The results indicated that female-headed households and older farmers experienced higher poverty incidence, depth, and severity levels. Additionally, poverty dimensions were inversely related to increased formal education, farming experience, and farm size. Single farmers exhibited lower poverty than married, divorced, separated, and widowed farmers. The findings also revealed a direct relationship between the six dimensions of social capital analyzed and poverty incidence, depth, and severity among rural farm households in the study area. The relationship between the benefits obtained from association membership and poverty dimensions demonstrated that as farmers' income from the association, land acquired through the association, and quantities of seeds and fertility received from associations increased, poverty dimensions decreased proportionally. This suggests that the active participation of rural farm households in farm associations contributes to poverty alleviation. The findings highlight the significance of farmers' involvement in building social capital in reducing poverty incidence, depth, and severity. Furthermore, the level of farmers' engagement in association activities and the benefits derived from these activities impact the various dimensions of poverty
Functionalization of Participle Suffixes in Azerbaijani and Turkish Languages
Get PDFIn modern Azerbaijani and Turkish, the participle is a particular verb form. This form differs from the conjugated forms of the verb and other non-conjugated particular forms (gerunds and infinitives) regarding its lexical-semantic features, morphological characteristics, and syntactic functions. In both languages, participles precede nouns and substantivized words, indicating the attributes and qualities of the objects expressed by those words. Participants enter an attributive relationship with the words they modify and do not change according to tense, person, or number.Participles are a category prone to substantivization. They quickly become nouns, like other parts of speech, especially adjectives, and as a result, they can function as various parts of the sentence. The features related to the participles in the Azerbaijani language are also manifested in the modern Turkish language.In the Turkological literature, there are also considerations in which participles are evaluated as independent parts of speech. Some linguists characterize participles in Turkic languages based on their general semantic-grammatical features, considering the possessive structure of the predicate, i.e., the predicative composition. However, this does not align with the grammatical structure of Turkic languages, and thus, participles cannot be considered independent parts of speech
Reformulation of the Limitation on the Maximum Area of Plantation Sector Land Use Rights for Legal Entities Based on the Public Welfare
Get PDFThis research focuses on reforming the restrictions on land use rights for legal entities in Indonesia's plantation sector. Agrarian conflicts caused by inequality in land ownership, especially in the plantation sector, have become an important issue. The increase in land disputes indicates weak supervision and indecisiveness in implementing the HGU area limitation policy, so the surrounding community is often disadvantaged. This research aims to analyse the policy related to the HGU area regarding people's welfare and how legal reformulation is needed to prevent the monopoly of land use by large legal entities. This research uses normative legal methods with statute and conceptual approaches. The researchers obtain data through a literature study, including laws, regulations, and other secondary legal materials. The researchers conducted a qualitative data analysis to obtain relevant legal conclusions. The results show that Indonesia's land law policies form the basis for the rules related to HGU, but their implementation could be more effective. There are weaknesses in supervision, which leads to land abuse by large companies. Stricter policy reformulation is needed to ensure equitable land distribution, protection of indigenous peoples' rights, and improvement of community welfare around plantations
Policing Pests on Plants: Securitisation of Desert Locust Management to Protect Human Security
Get PDFThe gregarious desert locust is one of the most dangerous pests that require urgent and extreme interventions. The study, therefore, sought to analyse desert locust management practices that were securitised to protect human security in Kenya. The study employed a mixed methods approach using ex-post facto evaluation and cross-sectional survey designs. The target population included desert locust-affected persons. A multi-stage sampling approach using stratified and purposive sampling techniques was used to target a sample size of 900 respondents drawn from 30 counties affected by desert locusts. Structured questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGD) were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics using frequencies, percentages and ordinal logistic regression. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis and incorporated in the discussion. The results showed that there was the securitisation of chemical control, recovery programs, physical control, surveillance and indigenous technical knowledge and skills (ITKS), contributing 43%, 16%, 16%, 15% and 10%, respectively, in safeguarding human security against desert locust risks. From the findings, the study concludes that all the phases of managing desert locusts were securitised to protect human security. Since the securitisation of chemical control had the highest contribution in protecting human security against desert locust risks, the study recommends research on applying biological pesticides rather than synthetic insecticides
Analysis of Leg Muscle Power and Leg Angle in Jerk Split Movement of SMAKOR Aceh Weightlifters
Get PDFWeightlifting is a sport that relies on power to lift weights made of iron and covered by rubber; there are two kinds of force techniques in weightlifting, namely the Snatch and Clean and Jerk force types. The objectives of this study are: 1) to analyse the limb muscle power of Aceh SMAKOR weightlifters, 2) to analyse the front limb split jerk angle in Aceh SMAKOR weightlifters, and (3) to analyse the rear limb split jerk angle in Aceh SMAKOR weightlifters. This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive methods. The sampling technique used total sampling, which amounted to 8 Aceh SMAKOR weightlifters. The collection technique uses test items as follows: 1) The results of leg muscle power in male athletes fall into the deficient category totalling two people (66.66%), and the good category totalling one person (33.33%), with an average value of 51.33, and for the results in female athletes are also in the deficient category totalling three people (60%), and two people are in the good category with an average value of 38.8; 2) From the split limb jerk angle results of male athletes of SMAKOR Aceh, three people (100%) obtained the optimum angle value per the standards set. The results of the front limb split jerk angle test of female SMAKOR Aceh athletes totalling five people (100%) also obtained the optimum angle value per the standards set; 3) The results of the front limb split jerk angle are as follows: the optimum angle value of the front limbs in male athletes has met the standard value set by PB PABSI with a value range of 90-110 and an average value of 104.12 Furthermore, of the five female athletes, 3 of them are in the predetermined value range, the remaining two people exceed the predetermined range with an average value of 111.23; 4) The results of the rear limb split jerk angle, as follows: the optimum angle value of the hind limbs in male athletes has met the standard value set by PB PABSI with a value range of 140-160 and an average value of 151.64, then in female athletes also obtained an angle value that has met the standard value that has been determined with an average value of 158.17