Traektoria Nauki
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Artificial Intelligence and Teachers' Expansion: A Systematic Review
Full text linkThe implications on the teaching profession are getting more complicated and far reaching, with the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in education. AI and changes of teachers' professional role in terms of teaching practices, professional development, leadership, and ethical engagement This systematic review integrates the results of 21 papers from 2019 to 2025.The review employs a narrative synthesis method of analysis in compliance with PRISMA criteria, and it focuses on a range of learning environments, including pre-service and in-service teacher settings. The eight primary themes were: enhancing education, individualized professional learning, teacher-AI cooperation in instructional design, ethical issues, emotional and motivational readiness, new roles of leadership, AI literacy frameworks and situational factors. It has several challenges such as lack of training, ethical concerns which are not fulfilled, inadequate infrastructure and absence of long-term statistics despite the fact that studies have shown its benefits to include improvement in productivity, tailor-made training and increased leadership. Besides promoting the application of morally acceptable, pedagogically relevant, and context-specific AI in teacher preparation, this analysis indicates the need and importance of critical empirical investigation, particularly in low-resource sites. It summarizes that although AI can bring a total change in education, its implementation demands extensive training, accommodative legislature, and sustained institutional facilitation and motivation
Beyond the Grid: Appliance Poverty and Unequal Energy Services in Rural Nigeria
Full text linkThis paper presents new evidence on the limits of energy access in rural Nigeria by examining the persistence of appliance poverty among households connected to the grid. Using the 2021 PeopleSuN dataset, a geospatially stratified survey of 3,599 households across three geopolitical zones, we document that electrification alone has not translated into energy service equity. Despite formal connections to the national grid, many families lack essential appliances for a decent living, such as refrigeration, lighting, and digital connectivity.We construct a multidimensional Appliance Poverty Index, complemented by a binary threshold of appliance deprivation, and estimate regression models linking ownership gaps to household income, electricity reliability, education, housing quality, and gender. The results consistently show that low-income households, those experiencing unreliable grid supply, and those with lower housing quality face the highest risk of appliance poverty. Interestingly, while female-headed households own fewer appliances in total, they are less likely to be appliance-poor in essential services, suggesting differentiated energy choices. Generator ownership plays a limited role in alleviating deprivation, emphasising that stopgap solutions do not close the service gap. These findings reveal a post-grid poverty trap, where infrastructure exists but fails to unlock the full benefits of energy access. The study contributes to the literature on energy inequality by shifting the focus from mere electrification to energy services, highlighting the need for service-based energy planning, appliance financing, and reliability improvements as critical demand-side interventions
Systematic Risk Management And Corporate Profitability: The Study of Deposit Money Bank in Nigeria
Full text linkThis study examined the relationship between systematic risk management and corporate profitability of Nigerian deposit money banks from 2014 to 2019. Using an ex-post-facto and longitudinal research design, secondary data from five selected banks were analysed through multiple regression analysis, with Return on Assets (ROA) as the dependent variable and Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL), Degree of Financial Leverage (DFL), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) as independent variables. The results revealed that systematic risk management variables explained 7.04% of the variation in bank profitability (R² = 0.070418), with both DOL and DFL showing negative but significant relationships with ROA at 5% confidence level (p-values of 0.3052 and 0.1199, respectively). At the same time, CAR demonstrated an insignificant negative relationship (p-value = 0.6130). The study concludes that a negative but significant relationship exists between systematic risk management and bank performance, emphasising the need for prudent risk management practices to enhance profitability and protect stakeholder interests in the Nigerian banking sector
Comparison of Loaded and Unloaded Noise Test Methods Within the Scope of Annexe XIII of EU/1322/2014
Full text linkIn this study, test methods for measuring noise levels in the driver's ear in Annexe XIII of EU/1322/2014, one of the delegated regulations of the type-approval regulation EU/167/2013, which determines the production and market-supply conditions of agricultural tractors, were compared. Tractor noise levels, an area where manufacturers continuously strive to improve user health and comfort, are measured using two different methods under the regulation: Test Method 1 and Test Method 2.The researchers measured noise levels in the driver's ear for five different tractors using two methods, then compared the resulting values and test procedures. The tractors have similar dimensional measurements and the same protective structure, but they have three different engines.In this study, the researchers compared the two methods specified in the regulation and evaluated the results for tractors equipped with different engines. They examined how engine type influences noise levels in the driver's ear under various operating conditions and identified the most suitable engine. In addition, the researchers observed how the noise level of tractors changes when the machines operate under load.The results of the study revealed that Method 1 requires more equipment than Method 2, has a longer, more complex testing process, and involves greater difficulty in applying load to the tractor. The testing team evaluated the results and ranked the tractors under load according to Method 1 as Tractor E > Tractor B = Tractor D > Tractor A > Tractor C. They also ranked the tractors without load according to Method 2 as Tractor A = Tractor C > Tractor E > Tractor B > Tractor D. Considering that farmers typically use tractors under load during fieldwork, these results indicate that selecting a tractor using Engine Type 1 would result in lower noise exposure
Isolation of Stigmasterol and Β-Sitosterol From Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Musa Acuminata Colla Bract
Full text linkThe research focuses on uncovering the bioactive chemicals or compounds in the banana bloom by isolating secondary metabolites. The researchers used column chromatography to isolate the compounds from the ethyl acetate extract. The BFB 57 fractions were obtained as a white needle-like crystal compound after being recovered from the column and put via thin-layer chromatography to verify their purity for component separation. 1D nuclear magnetic resonance (1D NMR) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the fraction. By carefully analysing the NMR spectral data and comparing the measured NMR spectral data with those found in the literature, the structures of the separated compounds were determined to reveal stigmasterol and β-sitostero
An Overview of Integrating Power Electronic Systems and Advanced Control Methods For Ultra-Fast Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Stations in Independent Microgrids
Full text linkFor extended trips, when electric vehicle (EV) drivers require a charge while on the move, off-board ultra-fast chargers represent the optimal solution, providing significantly reduced charging times for EV batteries. As a result, ultra-fast battery charging has become a critical focus in the global advancement of electric mobility. Current research in power electronics for EV charging applications is centred on developing high-power chargers capable of substantially increasing charging power, thereby minimising charging durations. Additionally, EVs can enhance efficiency and high-quality power delivery by implementing vehicle-to-microgrid (V2µG) technology. This paper examines the standards for ultra-fast charging stations and explores various fast charging methodologies. It also explores various power electronic topologies, the modular design approach used in ultra-fast charging systems, and their integration into standalone microgrids. Lastly, the paper addresses advanced control techniques tailored for ultra-fast chargers
Energy Harvesting and IoT-Enabled Sensor Networks for Renewable Energy Monitoring
Full text linkRenewable energy systems like solar and wind require efficient monitoring to optimise performance, especially in remote areas with limited grid power. This paper examines energy harvesting combined with IoT-enabled sensor networks as a sustainable solution. By using solar, kinetic, or thermal energy, these systems power IoT sensors to monitor energy output and equipment status in real-time. We review key harvesting methods (e.g., photovoltaic, piezoelectric) and IoT frameworks (e.g., LoRaWAN), highlighting cost savings and scalability benefits. Challenges include energy intermittency and harsh deployment conditions. Results suggest this integration enhances renewable energy management, with the potential for smart grids and rural electrification. Future work should focus on hybrid systems and AI analytics to overcome limitations
Этнонимы как лингвокультурный феномен: сопоставление номинативных моделей в индоевропейских и тюркских языках
Full text linkThe article is devoted to the comparative analysis of nominative models of ethnonyms in Turkic and Indo-European (Germanic) linguistic traditions. The paper considers universal and specific grounds for the formation of ethnonyms, reflecting the peculiarities of ethnic self-identification, mythological thinking and cultural memory of peoples. Special attention is paid to the study of mythological images and geographical and socio-political factors that influenced the formation of ethnonyms. The study is based on applying comparative-historical, linguocultural and cognitive analysis methods. It is revealed that in both traditions, there are common naming universals, but the specificity of cultural codes determines different strategies of ethnic nomination. The results of the work deepen the understanding of the role of ethnonyms in the construction of ethnic identity and linguistic picture of the world.Статья посвящена сопоставительному анализу номинативных моделей этнонимов в тюркской и индоевропейской (германской) языковых традициях. В работе рассматриваются универсальные и специфические основания формирования этнонимов, отражающие особенности этнической самоидентификации, мифологического мышления и культурной памяти народов. Особое внимание уделено изучению мифологических образов, географических и социально-политических факторов, повлиявших на формирование этнонимов. Исследование основано на применении сравнительно-исторического, лингво-культурологического и когнитивного методов анализа. Выявлено, что в обеих традициях существуют общие универсалии именования, однако специфика культурных кодов определяет разные стратегии этнической номинации. Результаты работы углубляют понимание роли этнонимов в конструировании этнической идентичности и языковой картины мира
Impact of Public Spending on Poverty Reduction in Nigeria
Full text linkThis study examined the impact of public spending on poverty reduction in Nigeria, focusing on Education and health. Using time-series data from 1985 to 2016, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model assessed short- and long-term effects. Descriptive statistics showed an average poverty rate of 55.50%, with government spending on Education and health averaging ₦113.43 billion and ₦65.97 billion, respectively. Despite increased expenditure, poverty remained high. The unit root test confirmed stationarity at the first difference, and cointegration analysis indicated a long-run relationship. ARDL results showed a 1% increase in health spending reduced poverty by 0.09%, while education spending had a positive short-run impact but turned negative long-term. Economic growth significantly reduced poverty, with a coefficient of -0.69, while unemployment (0.052) increased it. The model was statistically significant (F-statistic=101.2872, R² = 0.9956), explaining 99.56% of poverty variations — findings aligned with Wagner's Law and endogenous growth theories, emphasising strategic resource allocation. Policy recommendations included improved transparency, efficient budgeting, and stronger social programs. The study concluded that while public spending is crucial for economic progress, its effectiveness depends on implementation, governance, and long-term strategies
Medication Exposure During Pregnancy And The Risk Of Orofacial Clefts: A Scoping Review
Full text linkOrofacial clefts (OFCs), including cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and isolated cleft palate (CP), are among the most common congenital malformations worldwide, affecting approximately 1 in 500 to 550 live births. Such malformations occur due to a failure in the fusion of the embryonic facial processes, a process that generally occurs between the 4th and 12th weeks of gestation. OFCs have a substantial impact on quality of life and can cause lifelong issues, including feeding problems, speech abnormalities, hearing loss, dental abnormalities, and psychosocial challenges; therefore, there is a need for studies to explore possible solutions to these issues. There are studies examining the use of medications in the periconceptional period; however, the findings from these studies are largely inconsistent. This review strives to find answers to possible contributing factors to increased risks of OFCs by evaluating the association of maternal medication use during pregnancy and the increased risk of OFCs. In conducting this review, we searched the PubMed and Dimensions databases for published literature relevant to the study's focus. We further selected the studies included in our review based on the inclusion criteria we had developed before the study. We included a total of five studies in this review — three case-control studies and one cohort study — most of which were conducted by researchers in European countries and the USA. The five articles included in this study featured research data from congenital disability registries, hospital medical records, and information obtained through interviews with mothers. The medications evaluated in the studies included in this review include corticosteroids administered via various routes, antiepileptics (such as lamotrigine), and bronchodilators commonly used in the treatment of asthma. The exposure period considered in the studies was mainly four weeks before pregnancy and the end of the first trimester. Ultimately, the findings from this study showed that there is an association between medication use during pregnancy and the incidence of orofacial clefts in newborns. However, this association is dependent on the types or classes of medications. There are varying results from epidemiologic studies on the association between the maternal use of corticosteroids and the risk of orofacial clefts. However, administration during pregnancy should be done with caution. However, antiepileptic drugs were found to be associated with an increased incidence of orofacial clefts, and maternal bronchodilators used in asthma management were linked to an increased risk of cleft lip only and cleft lip with cleft palate