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The violoncello sonatas of Luigi Boccherini
Get PDFUntil recently, it was generally assumed that Luigi Boccherini's six published sonatas for the cello were his only works for the medium. The publication, however, of a Thematic, Biographical and Critical Catalogue of the Works of Luigi
Boccherini, London, (1969) , compiled by Yves Gerard, has thrown new light on Boccherini's compositions, many of which were never published. He composed a number of sonatas for cello, but only six of these, the set of six mentioned above, are generally known. The Gerard Catalogue lists thirty-two sonatas for cello, eleven of which appear in the supplement at the back of the volume, and gives all the known manuscript and printed sources for each.
This thesis examines in detail all thirty-two sonatas listed in the Gerard Catalogue. Three of the sonatas are not by Boccherini and at least six others are of doubtful authenticity. Part I deals with the manuscript and printed sources and suggests some approximate dates of composition. Part 2 deals with general historical background and looks at the compositions themselves in terms of historical development. Part 3 discusses the eighteenth-century cello and bow and contemporary conventions of notation, including all the ornaments found in the cello sonatas. Part 4 consists of an edition of all those cello sonatas which can be attributed to Boccherini, based on all available sources.
The appendices in Part 5 include a sample realisation of the basso of one of the sonatas, a cadenza for two cellos and a sonata for two cellos (both by Boccherini) , and also those sonatas which have been found during the course of the present study to be either spurious or of doubtful authenticity
Nut consumption among female and male adolescents in New Zealand
Get PDFBackground: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in New Zealand (NZ), with those of Māori and Pacific ethnicity disproportionately affected. Healthy dietary habits in adolescence have been shown to track into adulthood, so it is important for us to understand the dietary patterns of this age group to then support public health advice to reduce rates of heart disease and other non-communicable diseases. One dietary pattern that is associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease, in particular CVD, is the regular consumption of nuts. There is little information on nut consumption patterns among adolescents. This data could be used to inform interventions and public health strategies to improve chronic disease risk.
Objective: To describe nut consumption patterns among male and female adolescents in New Zealand. A secondary objective was to investigate associations between regular nut consumption and body mass index (BMI), ethnicity and socio-economic status (SES).
Design: The Survey of Nutrition, Dietary Assessment and Lifestyles project (SuNDiAL) is an observational, cross-sectional survey including male and female adolescents aged 15-18 years. Participants were recruited from 13 female schools and 6 male schools in NZ. In total 266 females and 135 males enrolled in the study, with 266 females and 123 males completing the section of the dietary habits questionnaire (DHQ) about nut consumption, administered via Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) software. Height and weight measurements were taken using standard methods. BMI was categorised by WHO z-scores for adolescents. SES was measured using NZDep2018 scores based on the participants geographic location.
Results: A total of 91.8% (93.1% of males, 90.9% of females) were nut consumers and 71.8% (75.0 % of males, 69.7% of females) were nut butter consumers at any level of consumption (including rarely). The most commonly consumed nuts were almonds, cashews, peanuts and pistachios. It appeared that consumption of almonds, hazelnuts, macadamias, peanuts, pecans, pistachios, walnuts, cashew butter, hazelnut butter, walnut butter and other nut butters was higher in males; however, this was not statistically significant. Likewise, for females it appeared that the consumption of brazil nuts, cashews, pine nuts, other nuts, almond butter and peanut butter was higher; however, this was not statistically significant. A total of 36.2% of participants were regular nut consumers (defined as consumption greater than 5-6 times per week). There was an apparent trend whereby regular nut consumers were more likely to have a healthy body weight (39.3%), be of Pacific ethnicity (57.1%), and be living in areas of low deprivation (39.6%). However, these trends were not significant.
Conclusion: Nut consumption among both male and female adolescents in New Zealand is low. Consumption appears to be sporadic rather than regular. It is, therefore, unlikely that many adolescents are meeting the 30 g/day New Zealand Heart Foundation (NZHF) guideline–a recommendation specified to gain optimal cardioprotective benefit. Future research is needed, in particular addressing the lower intakes among those living in areas of high deprivation and those of Māori ethnicity. This is important to reduce health disparities and improve future outcomes for these populations
Consent, custom and international law in South Africa: What Australian lawmakers could learn
No full textThis article summarises a recent South African case, Baleni v Minister of Mineral Resources. It also analyses the Court’s reasoning to explore how a non-Australian common law state protects a traditional community’s customary laws and practices through legislation, a Constitutional Bill of Rights, and international law. Although a South African case, Baleni demonstrates how similar common law countries have adopted distinct approaches to protecting and treating traditional communities, from which Australian lawmakers could learn.Peer Reviewe
The Pigroot scandal; how a phonolite came to bear mantle xenoliths: an experimental analysis of the Pigroot phonolite, Central Otago, New Zealand
Get PDFPhonolite is a type of nominally evolved alkaline magma, with some occurrences, however, hosting mantle xenoliths. This project aims to characterise the dynamic conditions of magma evolution of the xenolith-hosting Pigroot phonolite within the Miocene Waipiata volcanic field, New Zealand.
Field work established that outcrops range from basaltic column to pillow lavas, and that there is heterogeneity in the distribution of xenoliths between outcrops. The occurrence of pillow lavas and tuff deposits at the base of the sequence gave indications for the presence of a water body(ies) during the eruptive period.
Samples from the Pigroot phonolite were analysed by petrographic techniques and x-ray fluorescence which enabled the characterisation of the mineralogical suite and chemistry of the xenolith-bearing host rock. Four rock compositions were found, these are (i) phonotephrite, (ii) trachyandesite, (iii) tephriphonolite and (iv) phonolite.
A likely fractionation depth in the upper mantle was determined from the chemical compositions of the host rocks, and the results of the phase equilibria experiments. These produced modal mineralogy and mineral chemistry comparable to the natural samples at temperatures and pressures of upper mantle depth. The crystallization assemblage was dominated by amphibole (kaersutite) with minor clinopyroxene +/- oxides +/- plagioclase. The mineralogy was dominated by k-feldspar species (50-70%), followed by two species of opaque minerals, microlitic aegirine-augite, clinopyroxene, minor amounts of amphibole, nepheline and apatite.
Fractionation rather than partial melting as the process generating the phonolite is evident by the SiO2 value of >46% observed in all samples, with the relative abundances of trace elements following normal fractionation trends.
The xenoliths are interpreted to have been incorporated within the evolved host melt during a mingling event between the evolved melt with a mafic melt that was carrying the xenoliths within a zoned magma storage area
Enrichment in Specific Fatty acids profile of Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia Illucens larvae through feeding. Future Food
Get PDFTenebrio molitor (mealworms) and Hermetia illucens (Black soldier fly) larvae were analysed for the effect of feed composition on the fatty acid profiles. The larvae were raised on various feeds to which the basal diet had been supplemented to various levels with seed meals (flax seed, chia seed, hemp seed, and rapeseed). Fatty acid classes and composition of both insect larvae were similar in T. molitor and H. illucens larvae fat; however, the actual percentage composition differed; saturated (28.61% and 86.75%), monounsaturated (MUFA) (52.89% and 7.94%), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids (18.49% and 5.31%). The supplementation of the basal diet resulted in larvae fat with increased omega-3 fatty acids levels, and subsequently a lower omega-6 to omega-3 ratio ( T. molitor ; 4.28:1 in the diet with 10% chia seed, H. illucens ; 3.52:1 in the diet with 20% hemp seed) than those of the basal diets (50:1 and 9.91:1 in T. molitor and H. illucens respectively). In most of the larvae samples, the ratio achieved was closer to that recommended for a healthy diet
The Role of Fundamentals and Policy in New Zealand’s Carbon Prices
No full textNew Zealand’s Ministry for the Environment (MfE) explicitly recognizes that the New Zealand Units (NZUs) price is set by a flexible unlimited supply of units, as well as demand for units. This thesis explores NZU pricing dynamics driven by the interaction between allowances supply and demand. The empirical results highlight that, firstly, there are two policy associated structural breakpoints in NZU returns over the period of July 1st, 2010- December 31st, 2019. Specifically, in 2013 following a large ban on international units with low environmental integrity and in 2016 following the announcement of a gradual phasing-out one for two ‘transitional’ measure. Secondly, increased carbon activities from the manufacturing and transportation sectors tend to increase NZU prices, while activities from the stationary energy sector put downward pressure on NZU prices. This may be explained by the large stockpile (bank) of unit held by stationary energy sector. Lastly and as expected, the results show that banking and net import negatively affect NZU returns, however, carbon removal entitlements surprisingly positively affect NZU returns
Taxonomy of the Celmisia group (Asteraceae: Astereae)
No full textThe Celmisia group (i.e. an informal taxonomic proposal) belongs to the tribe Astereae of the Asteraceae family. Prior to the work presented in this dissertation, the delimitation of the Celmisia group, based on insights from morphology, chromosome number data, and geographic distributions, included the following genera: Achnophora (1 sp.), Celmisia (68 spp.), Damnamenia (1 sp.), Olearia (ca 180 spp.) in part, Pachystegia (3 spp.), and Pleurophyllum (3 spp.) with an Australasian distribution, and Pacifigeron (1 sp.), an endemic genus to Rapa Island in French Polynesia. However, only a few species of most of these genera have been included in DNA-based phylogenetic studies, and the morphology of most of the group has not been studied in-depth. This situation makes its delimitation and generic taxonomy unclear, warranting further research. The overarching aim of this dissertation was to study the taxonomy of the Celmisia group by using molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses in order to test its delimitation and generic classification and to propose taxonomic changes when appropriate.
I performed phylogenetic analyses (Bayesian Inference and Maximum Parsimony) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data (ETS and ITS regions) of 107 species (69% of the Celmisia group). Likewise, I carried out morphological analyses (Non-metric multidimensional scaling and Ward’s clustering method) based on 83 characters scored from 587 herbarium specimens representing 148 species (95% of the Celmisia group). Based on these analyses, I proposed a new circumscription of the Celmisia group. Following the principles of monophyly (i.e. recognition of monophyletic groups), diagnosability (i.e. recognition of morphologically well-defined groups), and nomenclatural stability (e.g. disrupt present classifications as little as possible), I proposed a new generic and infrageneric taxonomic classification for the group. Further, based on the study of herbarium specimens and fieldwork, I undertook taxonomic studies at a specific level for some of its members.
I proposed that the Celmisia group should be redefined to exclude Achnophora, Pacifigeron, and part of the genus Olearia. I found Achnophora to be part of a large clade containing Australian, Hawaiian, and South American taxa, although without clear relationships. Pacifigeron, for which I also described a new species to science, is related to South American Andean genera. Regarding Olearia, as the type species, O. tomentosa, does not belong to the Celmisia group, only about half of the currently accepted Olearia species (ca 84 spp.) belong to the Celmisia group.
The Celmisia group, as redefined here, includes ca 156 species distributed in New Zealand, Australia, and New Guinea, belonging to Celmisia, Damnamenia, Olearia in part, Pachystegia, and Pleurophyllum. Overall, my results indicate that the Celmisia group is divided into nine main clades, with most of them well-defined by the overall morphological similarity of its members and/or diagnostic character states; however, these nine clades do not completely align with the aforementioned genera. Celmisia species fall into two non-sister clades, whereas smaller genera such as Pachystegia and Pleurophyllum are monophyletic. The monotypic Damnamenia is confirmed as an independent lineage not nested within another genus. The Olearia species belonging to the Celmisia group species do not form a monophyletic group and are instead divided into several clades not directly related to each other. The new taxonomic classification proposed here includes the recognition of eight genera. A new generic name, Lignosia Saldivia, is proposed for the species formerly placed in Celmisia subgenera Caespitosae, Glandulosae, and Lignosae since they form a monophyletic group not sister to the clade containing subgenera Celmisia and Pelliculatae (i.e. Celmisia sensu stricto). Damnamenia, Pachystegia, and Pleurophyllum are retained as distinctive genera. Olearia species belonging to the Celmisia group (ca 84) are included in the reinstated Shawia and Steiractis, and the new name Macrolearia Saldivia. Additionally, Steiractis is divided into six sections. For a clade including five Olearia species endemic to the North Island of New Zealand, here recognized as the Olearia furfuracea complex, I did not propose a new generic affiliation because the molecular analyses did not show clear phylogenetic relationships of this clade within the Celmisia group.
I undertook a taxonomic revision of Celmisia subgenera Caespitosae, Glandulosae, and Lignosae (i.e. Lignosia), for which I accepted 26 species, two subspecies, and two varieties. This revision was based on the study of 2701 herbarium specimens plus extensive fieldwork along the South Island of New Zealand, where 25 of the 26 accepted species are distributed.
Finally, I studied the taxonomy of the Pleurophyllum clade (i.e. Pleurophyllum, Damnamenia, and the six macrocephalous Olearia species), focusing on the taxonomic alternatives to excluding the macrocephalous Olearia species from Olearia. The molecular phylogenetic and morphological (431 herbarium specimens studied) analyses indicate the maintenance of Pleurophyllum and Damnamenia, and the recognition Macroleria as a new generic name for the macrocephalous Olearia species is the most reasonable taxonomic choice.
This dissertation made a significant and novel contribution to the understanding of Asterae in the Southern Hemisphere by demonstrating that previous hypotheses regarding the classification of both the Celmisia group and its constituent genera needed reevaluation. In the same way, the findings of this thesis indicate that taxonomy best benefits when it is approached from a broad perspective, in which the focus of a study should never be completely isolated or dissociated from the higher level lineage to which it belongs
Health and wellbeing of under-25 year olds in the Midland region 2019
Get PDFIn this report the New Zealand Child and Youth Epidemiology Service (NZCYES) presents information to assist in the planning and funding of services that can collectively improve, promote and protect the health and wellbeing of children and young people aged under-25 years. This is the final of three age-based reports: indicators presented in 2017 had a focus on the first five years of life, and the 2018 report had a focus on the health and wellbeing of under-15 year olds.
Data for the indicators presented in this report were extracted in 2019 from a range of routinely collected national datasets. The report provides an analysis of the most recent data available for each indicator at the time of writing. Unadjusted rates should be interpreted in light of the differing patterns in age structure, ethnic composition, social and material deprivation in each DHB and in Aotearoa overall. Evidence for good practice is presented for each section, compiled from published scholarly literature and from publicly available guidelines, policies, and reports. Where possible, the evidence for good practice includes discussion of equity issues relevant to each indicator, to inform service planning and delivery.
The two review topics included in this report were selected by DHB representatives: Alcohol use in young people by Lee Smith and Promoting mental wellbeing in schools by Judith Adams and Georgia Richardson. These two sections of the report can inform strategies to promote health and wellbeing for all young people. Intervention and treatment services, supportive environments, and healthy cultural norms around drinking are some key components to addressing hazardous alcohol consumption in Aotearoa’s youngest generations. Through school-based initiatives, services can support the mental wellbeing of children and adolescents and thus invest in their long-term flourishing.
Navigating sexual and reproductive health is important to the lives of many young people. Information on reproductive planning and pregnancy rates can provide an indication about the accessibility of services and provide an indication about the future social and economic participation of this generation of young people and the sustainability of the overall population and economy.1 These indicators are presented in the section on Reproductive health.
The section on Mental Health presents information on the prevalence of selected mental health diagnoses in young people, the mental health services utilised by young people and the hospitalisations of young people that are associated with mental health issues.
Selected indicators about substance use and smoking, alcohol and drug service utilisation, and alcohol and drug hospitalisations are presented in the Substance use section. These indicators are important for overall wellbeing, growth, and long-term health of children and young people and inextricably linked to other wellbeing measures presented in the 2019 report.
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child establishes that every child is deserving of a state-level commitment towards the promotion of their social, spiritual and mental wellbeing, as well as towards their protection from all forms of violence and harm.2 The section on Safety and Security provides an overview of indicators relating to the protection of children and young people in Aotearoa, including information about assault and self-harm.
Supporting and adding value to the lives of children and young people with cancer is an important part of planning and funding decisions and is presented in the section on Cancer.
The report appendices describe the processes used in compiling information for these reports, including the methods used to develop evidence for good practice, and the statistical methods used in the data analyses. The appendices give further information about the data sources used for the indicators in the report, explanation about classification of ethnicity and social and material deprivation, and a list of the clinical codes relevant to each indicator.
In summary, the 2019 report on health and wellbeing of under-25 year olds presents data and interpretation on a set of relevant indicators extracted from national health datasets. The data used were the most recent available at the time of writing, and provide a snapshot of achievements and challenges in these areas. This report cannot address questions that require outpatient data, as these are not yet available at a national level. Developing systems that can provide a fuller picture of outpatient and primary health care data is important to inform child health service planning at national and DHB levels. The NZCYES is liaising with the Ministry of Health as they develop and roll out a patient flow system that will include primary care and outpatient data
Perfected yet still "disabled": continuity of diverse embodiment in the resurrection body
No full textThe risen Christ presented his wounded hands and side to the disciples as evidence of his identity and the reality of his physical resurrection. Despite this, the picture of eschatological life in the popular Christian imagination is often one of flawless persons living in normalised and idealised resurrection bodies. In this thesis, I argue that persons with disabilities could retain in their post-resurrection bodies some of those features of diverse embodiment that have contributed to the experience of impairment and disability in pre-resurrection life. This is likely not the case for all persons with disabilities, but only for those persons for whom their diverse embodiment is identity-forming, so that the retention of those features safeguards the continuity of identity through the transformation of resurrection. In these cases, the physical transformation of the old creation and the redeemed sociality of resurrected persons will ameliorate the impairment and disability that diverse embodiment often entails in pre-resurrection life. Thus, the retention of diverse embodiment presents no threat to God’s goodness nor to the eschatological flourishing of the person in question and the full realisation of her humanity. This proposal is consonant with a reassessment of Scripture and theology from a disability perspective rather than through the prevailing normate bias, and it gives due attention to the persisting wounds of the risen Christ. I suggest that the possibility of persons with diverse embodiment enjoying fullness of life in the new creation can function as an eschatological parable to subvert the powers of this age which idolise success, mastery, and autonomy to the neglect of theologies of weakness, limitation, and dependency
Health and wellbeing of under-25 year olds in Southern District Health Board 2019
Get PDFIn this report the New Zealand Child and Youth Epidemiology Service (NZCYES) presents information to assist in the planning and funding of services that can collectively improve, promote and protect the health and wellbeing of children and young people aged under-25 years. This is the final of three age-based reports: indicators presented in 2017 had a focus on the first five years of life, and the 2018 report had a focus on the health and wellbeing of under-15 year olds.
Data for the indicators presented in this report were extracted in 2019 from a range of routinely collected national datasets. The report provides an analysis of the most recent data available for each indicator at the time of writing. Unadjusted rates should be interpreted in light of the differing patterns in age structure, ethnic composition, social and material deprivation in each DHB and in Aotearoa overall. Evidence for good practice is presented for each section, compiled from published scholarly literature and from publicly available guidelines, policies, and reports. Where possible, the evidence for good practice includes discussion of equity issues relevant to each indicator, to inform service planning and delivery.
The two review topics included in this report were selected by DHB representatives: Alcohol use in young people by Lee Smith and Promoting mental wellbeing in schools by Judith Adams and Georgia Richardson. These two sections of the report can inform strategies to promote health and wellbeing for all young people. Intervention and treatment services, supportive environments, and healthy cultural norms around drinking are some key components to addressing hazardous alcohol consumption in Aotearoa’s youngest generations. Through school-based initiatives, services can support the mental wellbeing of children and adolescents and thus invest in their long-term flourishing.
Navigating sexual and reproductive health is important to the lives of many young people. Information on reproductive planning and pregnancy rates can provide an indication about the accessibility of services and provide an indication about the future social and economic participation of this generation of young people and the sustainability of the overall population and economy.1 These indicators are presented in the section on Reproductive health.
The section on Mental Health presents information on the prevalence of selected mental health diagnoses in young people, the mental health services utilised by young people and the hospitalisations of young people that are associated with mental health issues.
Selected indicators about substance use and smoking, alcohol and drug service utilisation, and alcohol and drug hospitalisations are presented in the Substance use section. These indicators are important for overall wellbeing, growth, and long-term health of children and young people and inextricably linked to other wellbeing measures presented in the 2019 report.
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child establishes that every child is deserving of a state-level commitment towards the promotion of their social, spiritual and mental wellbeing, as well as towards their protection from all forms of violence and harm.2 The section on Safety and Security provides an overview of indicators relating to the protection of children and young people in Aotearoa, including information about assault and self-harm.
Supporting and adding value to the lives of children and young people with cancer is an important part of planning and funding decisions and is presented in the section on Cancer.
The report appendices describe the processes used in compiling information for these reports, including the methods used to develop evidence for good practice, and the statistical methods used in the data analyses. The appendices give further information about the data sources used for the indicators in the report, explanation about classification of ethnicity and social and material deprivation, and a list of the clinical codes relevant to each indicator.
In summary, the 2019 report on health and wellbeing of under-25 year olds presents data and interpretation on a set of relevant indicators extracted from national health datasets. The data used were the most recent available at the time of writing, and provide a snapshot of achievements and challenges in these areas. This report cannot address questions that require outpatient data, as these are not yet available at a national level. Developing systems that can provide a fuller picture of outpatient and primary health care data is important to inform child health service planning at national and DHB levels. The NZCYES is liaising with the Ministry of Health as they develop and roll out a patient flow system that will include primary care and outpatient data