Journal of Extension Education
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Constraints Experienced by Women Entrepreneurs in Managing Poultry and Handicraft Enterprises
Full text linkA study was conducted with 150 women entrepreneurs managing poultry and handicraft enterprises in Tirupattur District of Tamil Nadu, India to identify the constraints they faced. The main production constraints experienced by the women entrepreneurs in poultry were high mortality rates, high costs of good-quality feed, and other inputs. The major marketing constraints they encountered were rumours about hormone injection and other alleged health hazards associated with consuming poultry meat and products. Similarly, the major constraints experienced by them in handicraft production were shortages of raw materials, lack of skilloriented training, and inadequate finance. The major marketing constraints the women entrepreneurs facedwere lack of transportation and price fluctuations. These insights can help address the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in these sectors
Impact of Kitchen Gardens as an Empowering Initiative for Mothers of Children with Disabilities
Full text linkThis study explores the impact of kitchen gardens as an empowering initiative for mothers of children with disabilities in Chennai City. Kitchen gardens, can be established on small patches of land with minimal technical input, offer a sustainable solution for supplemental food production and improving the livelihoods of urban and rural poor communities. The study involved training 50 mothers of children with disabilities at Sri Kanyaka Parameswari Arts and Science College, Chennai in developing kitchen gardens within their small dwelling spaces. Participants were initially provided with seed kits, containing vegetables such as ladyfinger, brinjal, bottle gourd, cucumber and bitter gourd. This initiative led to increased income and enhanced nutritional security for the mothers. It also empowered them to balance work and family life by enabling them to sell produce in local markets. The study concludes that kitchen gardening is a sustainable and profitable initiative that economically empowers mothers of disabled children, allowing them to stay engaged in the home environment while providing care for their children
From the Editor's Desk: Editorial; 35-4 (2023)
No full textThis editorial (JEE , 35 (4)) deals with the strategies for enhancing extension's role in agritourism
Awareness and Perceptions of Farmers about Water Pollution in Rajasthan
Full text linkThis study assessed 120 farmers’ awareness and perceptions of water pollution in Udaipur district of Rajasthan, India using Latent Class Analysis (LCA). Findings revealed that most of the farmers had low legal literacy (67.50%), with limited awareness on laws such as the Environment Protection Act, 1986, and the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. While 85.83 per cent perceived visible effects of water pollution, such as foul smells, only 13.33 per cent were aware of specific legal frameworks. Television and social media emerged as primary information sources. The study highlights the need for targeted legal literacy programmes to empower farmers in addressing water pollution issues
From the Editor's Desk
Full text linkThis editorial (JEE , 35 (3)) deals with the need for extension interventions in urban agriculture. 
University-Industry Collaboration in Dairy and Poultry Sectors of Andhra Pradesh: Status of Stakeholders’ Participation
Full text linkThis study examines the extent and purpose of university researchers and industry personnel participation in University Research-Industry (UR-I) linkages within the dairy, poultry, and pharmaceutical sectors of Andhra Pradesh. Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India was selected as the technology-generating unit, and three sectors - dairy, poultry, and pharmaceuticals - were chosen as technology-utilizing units. Data were collected from 60 university researchers and 40 industry personnel using semi-structured interviews, coded, and analysed for percentage and frequency. Findings indicate that most university researchers (51.67%) and industry personnel (45.00%) exhibit low participation in UR-I activities, primarily due to a focus on small-scale farming and lack of awareness about university capabilities, respectively. Key activities such as trainings, research sponsorships, and joint funding were underutilized, with telephone calls and personal visits being more common. The study underscores the need for universities and industries to enhance collaboration for mutual benefits and the advancement of the livestock sector. Effective communication, regular meetings, and leveraging each other’s expertise are crucial for fostering innovation and competitiveness
Factors Affecting Adoption of Recommended Rice Cultivation Practices by Farmers of South Kerala
Full text linkRice is a fundamental staple crop and plays a significant role in agricultural production across the southern part of Kerala, India. Implementing recommended rice cultivation practices is essential for boosting yield, promoting sustainability, and enhancing the livelihoods of farmers. However, even with the scientifically proven practices developed by Kerala Agricultural University (KAU), the extent of adoption among farmers differs considerably. The present study was conducted in Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Pathanamthitta, Kottayam, Ernakulam and Idukki districts to find out the factors affecting adoption of recommended rice cultivation practices by the farmers of South Kerala. A total of 105 respondents were selected from one panchayat of each of these seven districts. The extent of adoption of selected KAU technologies in rice varieties was found to be ‘medium’ among the majority of farmers. The results of the correlation analysis revealed that out of 11 independent variables selected for the study, three variables were positively and significantly related to the dependent variable adoption of recommended practices by rice farmers. The main factors that influence technology adoption of recommended practices were extension participation and achievement motivation followed by innovativeness
An Empirical Analysis of Scientific Attitude among Undergraduate Students in Agricultural Sciences
Full text linkThis study explored the determinants of scientific attitude among undergraduate agriculture students in Telangana State of India, analyzing their attitude levels and demographic influences. A sample of 250 B.Sc. Agriculture students from Professor Jayashankar Telangana Agricultural University was surveyed using random sampling. Factor analysis, normal probability curve, and inferential analysis revealed that most students exhibited a moderate scientific attitude, with significant differences based on gender, age, and parental occupation. Male students and those below 19 showed higher engagement, while students from government-employed families had the highest scores. Findings suggested the need for targeted educational strategies, including curiosity-driven learning, hands-on experiments, gender equity, early exposure, and infrastructure upgrades, to enhance scientific attitudes in agricultural education
Cocoa Farmers’ Willingness to Pay for Improved Extension Services in Ghana
Full text linkAgricultural extension services play a pivotal role in enhancing the productivity, resilience, andsustainability of farming systems, particularly for smallholder farmers. In Ghana, cocoa farming remains a vital economic activity, contributing significantly to livelihoods and national revenue. However, the effectiveness of extension service delivery has often been limited by inadequate resources, infrequent farm visits, and a lack of tailored support to address farmer-specific needs. As farmers increasingly face challenges, the demand for improved extension services has become more urgent. This study explores cocoa farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for improved extension services in Ghana. The research employed a cross-sectional survey design, selecting 394 respondents through the multi-stage sampling process. Majority of the farmers were willing to pay for improved extension services, thus, arrangement for the supply of inputs, financial literacy and farm management training, and access to high-quality, certified seeds. Factors influencing willingness to pay included age, household size, household headship, farm size, sex, farming experience, access to credit, and skilled labour. There is strong consensus on three critical features of an improved extension system: the frequency of farm visits, prompt response from extension agents, and availability of essential tools and equipment. For improved extension services, the Ghana Cocoa Board must design and promote financial mechanisms that facilitate farmers’ ability to pay for extension services through flexible payment options or subsidies for disadvantaged farmers
Challenges and Constraints in Adopting Modern Horticulture Practices in Apple Orchards
Full text linkIn many developing countries the adoption rate of new agricultural technology especially by small-scale farmers is low. The factors influencing farmers’ adoption of new technologies vary from specific circumstances to local conditions. The most essential aspect in the adoption of new tools and techniques is the farmer’s perception of these technologies which often remains unidentified. Using a mixed method approach, this study explored marginal and small-scale apple orchardists of rural Shimla in Himachal Pradesh, India for their perceptions, challenges, and limitations of adaptive capacity to modern horticulture practices. Via in-depth interviews, the growers shared multifaceted challenges and fears impeding their adoption decision, the most noticeable ones were - the high cost of horticulture inputs, unpredictable weather conditions, small orchard size, inadequate labour, insufficient knowledge on modern horticulture practices and lack of information from the government departments. Based on these interviews, a thematic analysis and a survey were conducted - broadly representing the common horticulture problems and factors restricting these orchardists from adopting new technologies