26013 research outputs found
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Care Home Oral Care Toolkit (based on NG48)
Full text linkA co-designed toolkit aimed to (1) refine the complex oral health intervention (NG48) to ensure it is practically, clinically and culturally acceptable to care home staff and residents; (2) understand the context and mechanisms for delivery by exploring the challenges of providing oral care practices in care homes; and (3) contribute to the embedment in best practice, thus translating the NG48 guideline into implementable practice.
The resulting co-designed toolkit comprises of seven components, representing four themes: assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation.
(1) Assessment - (1a) oral health assessment tool, and (1b) oral health needs, preferences and risk assessment
(2) Planning - (2a) oral care plan, and (2b) informal care plan summary
(3) Implementation - (3a) care practices poster, and (3b) care practices 'tips and tricks' pocket cards
(4) Evaluation - (4) weekly care recor
Raman gas sensing technology: A new horizon?
Full text linkThe question in the title alludes to the importance of comprehending the relevance and manner of operation in the field of gas sensors, which is undeniably one of the most important scientific and economic interests. Despite being superior to several commonly used techniques, such as infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Nondispersive IR (NDIR) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Raman spectroscopy-based gas sensors are yet to be widely explored for real-world applications. Given the weak Raman effect, numerous innovative strategies have emerged to improve its utility in chemical sensing, biological imaging, and material characterization, among other applications. This review covers five important approaches with a high potential for use in Raman-based gas sensors: spontaneous (SRS), stimulated (StRS), coherent anti-Stokes (CARS), surface-enhanced (SERS), and tip-enhanced (TERS) Raman scattering spectroscopy. The initial strategy of this review is to provide the in-depth foundational knowledge necessary for the reader to grasp several types of Raman techniques, their advantages and limitations. This is followed by an overview of current competing technologies and their applications. The remainder of the paper focuses on recent major experimental findings based on the Raman techniques and their practical applications. As a comprehensive introduction to Raman spectroscopy, this review article also serves as a knowledge base for future developments in the field of gas sensors
International Delphi study of clinical and exercise professionals’ opinion of physical activity prescreening and contraindications for participating in postpartum physical activity
Full text linkObjective To establish expert consensus on prescreening and contraindications to moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) during the first year postpartum.
Methods A Delphi survey of clinical and exercise professionals working with postpartum women and people was conducted until consensus was reached (≥75% agreement). Round I consisted of questions about relative and absolute contraindications to MVPA. Rounds II and III included additional questions based on the thematic coding of open-ended responses from the previous rounds. The results were used to develop a postpartum MVPA preparticipation screening tool.
Results 120 participants completed round I, 105 completed round II and 95 completed round III. Consensus was reached in 46/49 (94%) statements. Twenty-four relative contraindications to MVPA were identified: (loss of consciousness; neurological symptoms; kidney disease; calf pain or swelling suggestive of deep vein thrombosis; severe abdominal pain; vaginal bleeding not associated with menses; postpartum cardiomyopathy; caesarean section with symptoms that worsen with MVPA; unstable hypertension; eating disorder; malnutrition; anaemia; excessive fatigue; fractures or other significant musculoskeletal injuries; haemodynamic instability; breathing difficulties; acute systemic infection accompanied by fever, body aches, or swollen lymph glands; the new onset of chest pain, discomfort, and other angina-like symptoms with exertion; dizziness or lightheadedness during MVPA; new symptoms of heart disease, stroke; and other medical or physical conditions that may affect the ability to be physically active. Key biopsychosocial barriers to MVPA were identified.
Conclusion This Delphi study recommends relative contraindications to MVPA for the first year postpartum that were incorporated into a postpartum MVPA pre-participation screening tool the Get Active Questionnaire for Postpartum
Fostering Service Innovation and Enhancing Firm Performance through a Nexus of Strategic Orientations: The Moderating Effect of Transformational Leadership
Full text linkPurpose Drawing on the resource-based view (RBV) theory, this paper examines how market
orientation (MO), learning orientation (LO), and technology orientation (TO) drive service
innovation (SI) and enhance the performance of service firms. Additionally, it investigates how
transformational leadership (TL) moderates the interplay among these strategic orientations in
fostering SI.
Design/methodology/approach This paper employs a quantitative research design to
propose a research framework, which has been empirically tested through multiple regression
analysis of survey data collected from 199 bank managers in first-, second-, and third-line
positions in Jordan.
Findings The findings reveal that MO, TO, and LO positively influence SI, which, in turn,
enhances both the financial and non-financial performance of service firms. Additionally, TL
strengthens the relationships between MO, LO, and SI, serving as a moderator. However,
contrary to expectations, TL did not moderate the relationship between TO and SI.
Research limitations/approach – The cross-sectional research design employed in this study
precluded causal inferences. Further, the research setting of this study is confined to the
Jordanian banking sector, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
Practical implications The research highlights the importance of developing TL qualities in
bank managers to effectively foster an organizational culture that integrates and harmonizes
various strategic orientations, thus promoting SI.
Originality/value Grounded in the RBV, this study widens SI literature by investigating the
collective impact of MO, LO, and TO on fostering SI, as well as the moderating effect of TL
on these interrelationships—an area that has not been previously examined in a single stud
Global, regional, and national burden of household air pollution, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Full text linkBackground: Despite a substantial reduction in the use of solid fuels for cooking worldwide, exposure to household air pollution (HAP) remains a leading global risk factor, contributing considerably to the burden of disease. We present a comprehensive analysis of spatial patterns and temporal trends in exposure and attributable disease from 1990 to 2021, featuring substantial methodological updates compared with previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, including improved exposure estimations accounting for specific fuel types.
Methods: We estimated HAP exposure and trends and attributable burden for cataract, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischaemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, tracheal cancer, bronchus cancer, lung cancer, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and causes mediated via adverse reproductive outcomes for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We first estimated the mean fuel type-specific concentrations (in μg/m3) of fine particulate matter (PM2·5) pollution to which individuals using solid fuels for cooking were exposed, categorised by fuel type, location, year, age, and sex. Using a systematic review of the epidemiological literature and a newly developed meta-regression tool (meta-regression: Bayesian, regularised, trimmed), we derived disease-specific, non-parametric exposure–response curves to estimate relative risk as a function of PM2·5 concentration. We combined our exposure estimates and relative risks to estimate population attributable fractions and attributable burden for each cause by sex, age, location, and year.
Findings: In 2021, 2·67 billion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·63–2·71) people, 33·8% (95% UI 33·2–34·3) of the global population, were exposed to HAP from all sources at a mean concentration of 84·2 μg/m3. Although these figures show a notable reduction in the percentage of the global population exposed in 1990 (56·7%, 56·4–57·1), in absolute terms, there has been only a decline of 0·35 billion (10%) from the 3·02 billion people exposed to HAP in 1990. In 2021, 111 million (95% UI 75·1–164) global disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were attributable to HAP, accounting for 3·9% (95% UI 2·6–5·7) of all DALYs. The rate of global, HAP-attributable DALYs in 2021 was 1500·3 (95% UI 1028·4–2195·6) age-standardised DALYs per 100 000 population, a decline of 63·8% since 1990, when HAP-attributable DALYs comprised 4147·7 (3101·4–5104·6) age-standardised DALYs per 100 000 population. HAP-attributable burden remained highest in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, with 4044·1 (3103·4–5219·7) and 3213·5 (2165·4–4409·4) age-standardised DALYs per 100 000 population, respectively. The rate of HAP-attributable DALYs was higher for males (1530·5, 1023·4–2263·6) than for females (1318·5, 866·1–1977·2). Approximately one-third of the HAP-attributable burden (518·1, 410·1–641·7) was mediated via short gestation and low birthweight. Decomposition of trends and drivers behind changes in the HAP-attributable burden highlighted that declines in exposures were counteracted by population growth in most regions of the world, especially sub-Saharan Africa. Interpretation: Although the burden attributable to HAP has decreased considerably, HAP remains a substantial risk factor, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. Our comprehensive estimates of HAP exposure and attributable burden offer a robust and reliable resource for health policy makers and practitioners to precisely target and tailor health interventions. Given the persistent and substantial impact of HAP in many regions and countries, it is imperative to accelerate efforts to transition under-resourced communities to cleaner household energy sources. Such initiatives are crucial for mitigating health risks and promoting sustainable development, ultimately improving the quality of life and health outcomes for millions of people.
Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
The Benefits of Plain Language Summaries in Public Health Publishing
Full text linkThis feature article is written by some of the Editorial Board at Perspectives in Public Health. It introduces the use of Plain Language Summaries, how to write one and the benefits of including them in your article
Understanding the sport viewership experience using functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Full text linkSubjective evaluation of a sport event in real time is normally assessed using self-report measures, but neural indices of evaluative processing may provide new insights. The extent of evaluative processing of a sporting event at the neural level may depend on the degree of emotional investment by the viewer, as well as the key moment of the game play being observed. Those with high ego involvement might show more activation within evaluative processing nodes, and this pattern may be most pronounced during critical moments of game play. In the current study, we examined neural activations within the medial and lateral prefrontal cortex during game play as a function of ego involvement, using video clips featuring key moments in a European league ice hockey game. A total of 343 participants were pre-screened to identify high (n = 11) and low (n = 9) ego-involved individuals. These subgroups then viewed a game segment containing 12 key play moments, while undergoing neuroimaging using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Findings indicated more engagement of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) throughout all key moments for high ego-involved participants, but particularly during critical game moments. Overall, findings suggest that neural indices of evaluative processing might contribute meaningfully to understanding when emotionally invested individuals are most engaged in an action sequence during a sporting event
How a peer support group is supporting male students’ mental health and wellbeing at Hallam
Full text linkTacit knowledge and a mysterious code: articulating academic writing expectations in disciplinary grading criteria.
Full text linkAcademic writing is integral to student achievement in higher education. Despite a move towards enhanced transparency in assessment, little is known about how writing is represented in the grading criteria of the various university disciplines. This qualitative study analyses criteria to uncover how writing expectations are presented within them. First, we reveal what facets of writing are included in the criteria. Second, we identify three issues: a mismatch between the level of challenge and the grade awarded; inconsistencies within criteria in terms of what is being graded; and ambiguities in terms of the language used. We interpret these findings through the conceptual lenses of non-formal learning and tacit knowledge and argue that professional development activities for lecturers need to be designed to render tacit knowledge of academic writing explicit. Our paper is a catalyst for university departmental discussion as to what constitutes quality writing for a specific assignment, and how those expectations might be better conveyed through rubrics
Routledge International Handbook of Adventure Tourism
No full textThis handbook presents the latest research, industry trends, developments and initiatives in adventure tourism. It explores conceptualisations of adventure tourism, historical and intellectual developments, insights into adventure tourists and the supply-side of adventure tourism, and sustainable and inclusive adventure tourism.
With contributions from leading, international, researchers, 28 chapters are organised into four thematic parts, to provide a comprehensive overview of adventure tourism. The book presents core topics within the field as well as contemporary themes, debates and challenges within the industry. It adopts a multidisciplinary approach which draws on and applies current research from disciplines including tourism, recreation, sport and psychology to adventure tourism. As such, it presents different ways of examining this form of tourism, expands knowledge on recent developments, and discusses the major claims in this field. It explores topics such as instant accessible adventures, the increasing use of technology by adventure tourists and industry, and the wellbeing of tourists, destinations and communities. The handbook informs the reader of how literature translates into practice across different adventure tourism operations. It also investigates some of the key challenges affecting the adventure tourism industry and presents practical solutions and initiatives to overcome these. Case studies and vignettes are embedded throughout the handbook to illustrate practitioner perspectives, and each chapter includes learning outcomes and review questions to encourage readers to further consolidate their understanding.
The handbook is intended for undergraduates, postgraduates, doctoral candidates, early career, and more established researchers interested in the fields of adventure tourism and related disciplines, such as adventure recreation, outdoor leadership and outdoor education. It is useful for industry organisations, policymakers, professionals and those working towards outdoor activity qualifications. It is also a valuable resource to support related modules on sustainable tourism, consumer behaviour and marketing in tourism