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Need for adequate consideration of transnational legal context for supporting minority ethnic women suffering economic abuse through marriage, separation and post separation in the UK
Get PDFDevelopments in Deep Learning Artificial Neural Network Techniques for Medical Image Analysis and Interpretation
Get PDFDeep learning has revolutionised medical image analysis, offering the possibility of automated, efficient, and highly accurate diagnostic solutions. This article explores recent developments in deep learning techniques applied to medical imaging, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for classification and segmentation, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for temporal analysis, autoencoders for feature extraction, and generative adversarial networks (GANs) for image synthesis and augmentation. Additionally, U-Net models for segmentation, vision transformers (ViTs) for global feature extraction, and hybrid models integrating multiple architectures are explored. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) process were used, and searches on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were conducted. The findings highlight key challenges such as data availability, interpretability, overfitting, and computational requirements. While deep learning has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing diagnostic accuracy across multiple medical imaging modalities—including MRI, CT, US, and X-ray—factors such as model trust, data privacy, and ethical considerations remain ongoing concerns. The study underscores the importance of integrating multimodal data, improving computational efficiency, and advancing explainability to facilitate broader clinical adoption. Future research directions emphasize optimising deep learning models for real-time applications, enhancing interpretability, and integrating deep learning with existing healthcare frameworks for improved patient outcomes
Government expenditures on education and economic growth in the UK
Get PDFThis paper investigates the impact of government expenditures on the main tiers of education on economic growth in the UK. Using annual data spanning from 1971 to 2019, we employ the vector autoregression (VAR) model to examine the relationship between the variables. Our findings indicate that the UK government's expenditure on secondary education has a positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth in the country. Further findings show a unidirectional causality running from economic growth to government expenditure on pre-primary education in the UK, while a bidirectional causality exists between government expenditure on secondary education and economic growth in the UK
The Academic Cycle
No full textThis PowerPoint template can be used to provide guidance and links for the pertinent things which take place during a given month, split into different roles.
The cycle represents the activity that academic staff are involved in throughout the year. We have included examples of content that you might want to consider, with our institutional links removed. You can add your own content and links for your own internal and external webpages.
The months are hyperlinked and clicking on a month will take you to the relevant page.
When complete, save as PowerPoint Show (*.ppsx) and it can be used as an interactive resource
Corporate Egoism: An Investigation of Business Ethics in the South-Western Nigerian Banking Industry.
Get PDFThe normative theory of ethical egoism has been widely applied in management studies, and there is an increasing number of organisations subscribing to its core tenet of best interest and
self-interest. Using ethical egoism and ethical impact theory, this article examines the reality of business ethics and ethical professionalism in the Nigerian banking sector by focusing on
the different targets set by banks for their employees and the impacts thereof on their work and non-work lives. We present the findings of interviews with 47 present and past bankers in
Nigeria, and these findings suggest that banks use egoism to set and ethicise unreasonable loan and deposit targets for their workers. Our findings further indicate that the pressure and
consequences of not meeting these targets have forced many bankers to engage in various forms of unethical behaviour, such as bribery and ‘corporate prostitution’. We explain how bankers’ work-life balance and health are negatively affected in the contemporary banking workplace, in which organisational wellbeing is valued above employees’ wellbeing. This article makes a unique and original contribution to the study of corporate egoism and its
associated implications in the global South
Are lead independent directors greener? Evidence from climate change commitment and ESG performance
Get PDFPurpose
This paper sheds light on how appointing a lead independent director (LIDIR) affects a firm’s commitment to climate change and to what extent environmental, social and governance
(ESG) performance is affected by a firm’s commitment to climate change in the presence of a LIDIR.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors utilise ordinary least squares (OLS) and a sample of 12,236 firm-year observations in the United States (US) over the 2002-2019 period to test the predictions. The authors also apply alternative research designs such as propensity score matching, Heckman two-step and instrumental variable techniques to address endogeneity concerns.
Findings
The authors find that a LIDIR representation on the board is positively associated with a firm’s commitment to climate change. The authors also find that the association between a
LIDIR representation on the board and a firm’s commitment to climate change is more pronounced in firms with a combined Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and board chair positions than firms with both positions separated. Additional analysis suggests that increased commitment to climate change in the presence of a LIDIR improves ESG performance.
Originality/value
While the effect of a LIDIR on firm financial outcomes has received much attention, there is lack of empirical evidence on whether lead independent directors are greener. The authors provide new and important contribution to the literature by investigating the relationship between a LIDIR representation on the board and non-financial outcomes from the perspective of climate change commitment and ESG performance. The findings may be
informative to policymakers seeking to deal with climate change impacts on society to encourage the appointment of a LIDIR
A bifactorial approach to the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised scale.
Get PDFThe Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) scale has been argued to be the most robust measure of adult attachment to date. However, while previous authors propose that the ECR-R contains a 2-factor model of attachment with the factors representing anxious and avoidant attachment, none have considered a bifactor model of attachment (i.e., an overarching factor of attachment security, together with additional latent variables representing anxious and avoidant attachment) and several have applied, arguably unnecessary, data parcelling. In the current study, 911 participants completed the ECR-R and measures of several associated variables to assess differential predictive validity. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the bifactor model was found to be the best fit to the data. These findings have important implications for evaluating previous research which has used the ECR-R. The practical implications of these are discussed
Values, principles and research priorities for the implementation of type 2 diabetes prevention after gestational diabetes: a global consensus from Asia, Africa, Americas, Europe and Oceania.
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The implementation of type 2 diabetes prevention after gestational diabetes (GDM) is poor despite research evidence on efficacy. This is limited by the lack of knowledge of the priorities in real-world settings from the perspectives of local clinicians and women with lived experiences, particularly those from underserved populations. We report here a global consensus on the values, principles, and research priorities for the implementation of type 2 diabetes prevention in individuals after gestational diabetes (GDM), from the perspectives of clinicians and women from Asia, Africa, Oceania, the Americas, and Europe.
Methods
A team of health professionals and researchers from five continents formed the Cardiometabolic Health Implementation Research in Postpartum individuals (CHIRP) team. The CHIRP team undertook a priority setting process using the Modified Delphi and Nominal Group Technique. Health professionals and women with a lived experience of GDM from five continents were invited to participate. Values, principles, and research priorities were voted on by all participants.
Results
A total of 100 consumers and health professionals from 11 countries across the five continents participated in the consensus process. The top-ranked values and principles were ‘universal access’, ‘evidence-based’, and ‘equity-driven’. The top-ranked research priorities were ‘stress and mental well-being’, ‘information on exercise and diet’, ‘lactation and breastfeeding’, ‘exercise after childbirth’, and ‘physical environment for healthy eating’.
Conclusions
Addressing mental wellbeing through strategies that are universally accessible, evidence-based, and equity-driven will increase the success of the real-world implementation and knowledge translation of type 2 diabetes prevention in women with a history of GDM in global settings