81690 research outputs found
Sort by
Statistical Approaches to the Quantification of Regularity in Languages and Dialects : An Exercise in Ainu Dialects of Asai (1974)
No full textThe information of “regularity,” so-called phonological correspondences, morphological and grammatical rules, is always present in the data of languages and dialects, but it cannot necessarily be analyzed in a numerical way that is applied to lexical items and forms in previous linguistics research (e.g., lexicostatistics). Therefore, the shortcoming of the methodologies can potentially prevent previous studies from approaching linguistic issues due to a lack of appropriately quantified information of “regularity.” This paper attempts to provide some possibility regarding how researchers can extract and quantify the regularities in languages and dialects, using the data of Ainu dialects in Asai (1974). We propose principles for extracting the type and regularity from linguistic materials and statistical quantification methods that quantify the type and regularity more appropriately from the viewpoints of both linguistics and statistics. Consequently, the classification result obtained by incorporating the quantified types and regularities further clearly shows the western and eastern group axis comprising the Ainu dialects other than the Samani and Soya dialects of Hokkaido in terms of the northern and southern axis through the Samani and Soya dialects, the classification among the northeastern Hokkaido Ainu dialect group, and the classification among the southwestern Hokkaido Ainu dialect group. Our results have clarified the characteristics of Asai’s (1974) Ainu dialect classification and suggested that regularity information, excluded from Asai’s (1974) classification as regularity while reflecting his viewpoints, can be appropriately extracted and quantified by our proposed methods. Notably, our proposed methods can be applied to any type of information, including the types and regularities thereof. In other words, these methods have the potential to enable researchers to extract and quantify the types and regularities across the present subdivisions of linguistics, phonology, morphology, and syntax, among others. The application of these methods can also facilitate the quantification of vocabulary items and the classification of the other languages (e.g., Native North Americas), which should have more complex phonological and morphological characteristics than the Ainu language
An Alchuka Vocabulary : Written Manchu Index to the Fieldwork Data Collected by Yejun Mu
No full textThis paper provides a Written Manchu index for the fieldwork data on the Alchuka language collected by Yejun Mu. The Alchuka words in Yejun Mu’s research are scattered across several papers, and different forms of a single word are often recorded in separate papers. As a result, important examples are occasionally overlooked when conducting research on the Alchuka language. This paper aims to systematically organize the Alchuka vocabulary documented by Yejun Mu, based on the cognates in Written Manchu
On the Distorted Sound Correspondence in Sibe Dialects
No full textThis study discusses the differences between the various dialects of Sibe language, based on material from previous studies and material collected by the author during field research, and explains the factors that cause these differences. According to a previous study by Li Shulan (1997), the vowel a before the vowel i occurs as an umlaut in the Cabcal dialect compared to the Manchu language, but not in the Icegashan dialect. However, in the material collected during the author’s research, contrary to Li Shulan (1997), umlauts are found in the Icegashan dialect and not in the Cabcal dialect. In other words, in Li Shulan’s data and the author’s data, the Cabcal and Icegashan dialects are reversed in terms of the presence or absence of umlauts. In this study, this is referred to as a ‘distortion’, and the aim is to explain how such a twisted correspondence came about. In conclusion, the form of the author’s Icegashan dialect matches the form of Li Shulan (1997) Cabcal dialect and is subject to the transmission of Li Shulan (1997) Cabcal dialect, and the author’s Cabcal dialect is close to the Manchu form of the language, indicating that a change to a new form of Cabcal dialect has occurred
How can school counselors contribute to primary prevention of psychological problems in schools?
No full text学校における心理的問題の一次予防へのスクールカウンセラー（SC）の寄与について、SCを
対象とする質的研究を行い、その結果に示された現状を踏まえて考察を行った。SCの一次予
防活動は、教師との関係づくり、宣伝活動、コンサルテーションが主要なものであり、後方支
援的な色合いが強かった。勤務時間の制約が大きく、学校側の要請により三次予防である面談
業務が大半を占める中で、一次予防活動はかなり困難な状況ではあるが、様々な工夫により行
われていた。SC業務の多忙化は甚だしく、SCの常勤化が強く望まれるが、現状ではこれらの
工夫を積み重ねてゆく地道な活動が、一次予防を促進するものと思われた
Revealing the mechanism of photosynthesis from its structure
No full text光合成生物は，光センサータンパク質内の吸収波長や光化学系膜タンパク質の電子伝達補因子の酸化還元電位を調整することで，多様な光環境に適応できるように進化したと考えられる．光合成生物が多様な光環境に適応できる理由を知るためには，光センサータンパク質や光化学系膜タンパク質の吸収波長や光吸収後におこる電子移動がどのような物理化学的要因の違いによって調整されているかを理解する必要がある．本稿では，（1）タンパク質内の吸収波長がどのような要因に決定しているのか，（2）光励起後に起こる電子移動はどのような構造で高効率におこるのか，という点に注目して紹介する．Photosynthetic organisms are believed to have evolved the ability to adapt to diverse light environments by modifying the absorption wavelengths of photosensor proteins and the redox potential of electron transfer cofactors in photosystem membrane proteins. Understanding why photosynthetic organisms can adapt to various light environments requires identifying the physicochemical factors that regulate absorption wavelengths and the electron transfer processes following light absorption in photosensor and photosystem membrane proteins. This article focuses on (1) the factors that determine absorption wavelengths in proteins and (2) the structural features that enable efficient electron transfer after photoexcitation
可溶性リピドⅡ誘導体並びにシュードウリジマイシンの構造活性相関研究 [全文の要約]
No full textこの博士論文全文の閲覧方法については、以下のサイトをご参照ください。https://www.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dissertations/copy-guides
シングルマザーの健康とエイジェンシー : 子どもへの追加的なケアに着目して [全文の要約]
No full textこの博士論文全文の閲覧方法については、以下のサイトをご参照ください。https://www.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dissertations/copy-guides
いじめ被害の悪化とその影響及びケアに関する検討 [全文の要約]
No full textこの博士論文全文の閲覧方法については、以下のサイトをご参照ください。https://www.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dissertations/copy-guides