81690 research outputs found
Sort by
Possibility of budget reduction due to local snow removal during heavy snowfall and Acceptance of local citizens
No full textIn FY2021, Sapporo City was hit with record heavy snowfall, making it difficult to transport and remove snow, paralyzing city functions, especially road transportation. The city has decided to use parks and school grounds in the area as temporary snow removal areas during heavy snowfall. Although there are issues such as the fact that parks in the region are not constructed with the assumption that they will accept snow removal, there is a possibility of cost reduction by shortening the distance for snow removal transportation, and the effect of educing
environmental impact such as reducing CO2 emissions. Therefore, in this paper, we set a target area within Sapporo City, examine the effect of reducing snow removal costs within the region based on data on transportation and snow removal in Sapporo City in previous years, and also examine the effects of snow removal within the region. Clarify citizens' sense of acceptance
Impact of correlation structure on sample size requirements of statistical methods for multiple binary outcomes : a simulation study
No full textBackground In randomized clinical trials, multiple-testing procedures, composite endpoints, and prioritized outcome approaches are increasingly used to analyze multiple binary outcomes. Previous studies have shown that correlations between outcomes influence their sample size requirements. Although sample size is an important factor affecting the choice of statistical methods, the power and required sample sizes of methods for analyzing multiple binary outcomes have yet to be compared under the influence of outcome correlations. Methods We conducted simulations to evaluate the power of co-primary and multiple primary endpoints, composite endpoints, and prioritized outcome approaches based on generalized pairwise comparisons with varying correlations, marginal proportions, treatment effects, and number of outcomes. We then conducted a case study on sample size using a clinical trial of a migraine treatment as an example. Results The correlations significantly affected the statistical power and sample size of composite endpoints. The power and sample size of co-primary endpoints remained relatively stable across different correlations, though their power declined substantially when treatment effects were opposite on some components or more than two components were present. While the correlations influenced the power and sample size of all methods assessed, their direction and degree of influence varied between methods. Notably, the method with the greatest power and smallest sample size also differed depending on the correlations. When the correlations were the same between arms, prioritized outcome approaches usually had higher power and smaller sample sizes than other methods. Conclusions Anticipated correlations and their uncertainty should be considered when selecting statistical methods. Overall, co-primary endpoints remain a reliable option for evaluating the superiority of all components, although they are unsuitable for assessing the balance between treatment effects pointing in different directions. Generalized pairwise comparisons offer a useful alternative to deal with multiple prioritized outcomes, often providing the smallest sample sizes when the correlation structures are shared between the arms
Nonlinear frequency-asymmetric optical response in chiral systems
No full textWe report our theoretical results on the emergence of a nonlinear frequency-asymmetric optical response characteristic of chiral crystal systems with neither spatial inversion symmetry nor mirror symmetry. Based on the group theoretical analysis, we show that the chirality-related second-order nonlinear optical response occurs for two different input frequencies when the low-energy model Hamiltonian includes a time-reversal-even pseudoscalar quantity, i.e., the electric toroidal monopole. We demonstrate its emergence by investigating a fundamental microscopic model with the chiral-type antisymmetric spin-orbit interaction on a simple cubic lattice. By analyzing the behavior of nonlinear optical conductivity based on the Kubo formula, we find that the response is largely enhanced when one of the frequencies is set to 0 and the other is set to a resonant frequency. We also discuss the relaxation time dependence of the response
Methods of Recognizing the“ColonialChōsen”in the National Literary Historiesof 1960s Japan and Korea: Focusing onthe Genre Type of ‘Government-Generalof Chōsen - Documentary Epic Novel’
No full textThe Struggles of Ainu Literature and Indigenous Land Ownership : From the Point of Views of Class Organizing of Toyoaki MUKAI, Seiji ISHII, Ryosuke HARADA, and Minoru FUKUZAWA (Takashi HIDAKA) to the Decolonization
No full text本稿は「アイヌ」と和人の関係史的な視点を採用し、文学史や運動史の死角を逆照射することを目指す。その際に着目するのが、旧土人「給与地」をめぐるアイヌの闘争における連帯のあり方だ。1950年代後半からの観光ブーム期、アイヌは主体的な語りを剥奪され、運動は停滞状況にあった。貝沢正らアイヌは「被差別部落民」との共闘をはかることで突破をはかったが、架け橋となった石井清治は日本共産党員で、同志・原田了介らとともに大狩部旧土人「給与地」返還闘争を戦った経験を有し、福澤稔（ひだかたかし）や向井豊昭は、その後の共産党とアイヌ、医療や教育制度をめぐる状況を、それぞれ小説化した。彼らの目指した「階級的組織化」はパターナリズムの弊害を免れるものではなかったが、それでも病院の設立やインフラの整備といった具体的な成果があったうえ、レイシャル・キャピタリズムの制度的固着を食い止める批評的な可能性を有した点が評価に値する。By adopting a historical perspective on the relationship between "Ainu" and Wajin, this paper aims to highlight blind spots in the history of literature and political movements. In doing so, the focus will be on the state of solidarity in the Ainu struggle for “former native” land ownership. During the tourism boom of the late 1950s, Ainu were deprived of their own narrative, and their movement was in a state of stagnation. Tadashi KAIZAWA and other Ainu sought a breakthrough by struggling together with the discriminated Buraku people. Their supporter, Seiji ISHII, was a member of the Japanese Communist Party and had fought with his comrade Ryosuke HARADA and others in the movement to return the aboriginal land ownership of Toyomi Kotan. Minoru FUKUZAWA, whose pseudonym was Takashi HIDAKA, and Toyoaki MUKAI wrote their novels about the complicated situation surrounding the Communist Party, Ainu, and the discriminatory medical or education system for Ainu. Although the class organizing, they aimed for was not immune to paternalism, it was nevertheless meaningful for its concrete results, such as the establishment of the hospital and the development of infrastructure, as well as for its critical potential in preventing the institutional fixation of racial capitalism
Historically recorded maximum seismic intensity maps in Japan based on the seismic intensity attenuation relationship
No full textMaps of historically recorded maximum seismic intensity were created using data from 679 to 2021. To perform spatial interpolation of seismic intensity, a seismic intensity attenuation formula was applied. The results indicate that almost areas may have experienced shaking of intensity 6 or higher. The apparently low intensity values in Hokkaido are likely due to the low density of observation points. Comparisons with national seismic hazard maps showed good consistency. However, at higher intensities, the predicted values tended to be slightly lower than historical records. This discrepancy may reflect uncertainties in the seismic activity models used in the national hazard maps. To enhance accuracy of maximum seismic intensity map, it is necessary to evaluate site amplification factors and select appropriate seismic intensity attenuation parameters which reflect proper earthquake type. Examination of uncertainties in seismic intensity data recorded prior to the advent of instrumental measurements is also required