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An Examination of Quality Fraud in Japanese Company : The Case Analysis of Nissan Motor’s Emissions Inspection Fraud
No full text日本企業による組織不祥事を対象とした先行研究では，主に経営者のふるまいや企業文化/制度などの企業レベルの要因に着目した原因分析が行われてきた。しかし，日産自動車における不適切な排出ガス検査問題においては，不正が行われていた工場と，不正が行われていなかった工場が存在する。この実態を踏まえると，企業レベルの要因だけではなく，現場レベルの要因にも着目する必要があると考えられる。そこで本稿の目的は，現場の従業員が不正を行った背景に注目したうえで，不正の発生要因を明らかにすることである。分析に際しては，不正のトライアングル理論を用い，不正が行われた5つの工場と，不正が行われていなかった九州工場の比較を実施した。その結果，不正が行われた5つの工場では，①検査作業・不具合発生に対するプレッシャー，②上司・他部署に気づかれずに不正をする機会，③試験条件・検査基準に対する合理化という3点が品質不正を生じさせた可能性があることを示した。他方，九州工場においては，排出ガス検査に関する専門知識を有する専門工長の存在と，そのふるまいによって，不具合発生に対するプレッシャーが低減され，上司に気づかれずに不正をする機会が少ないと認識し，試験条件や検査基準に対する合理化が抑制されたことで，不正が行われなかった可能性を指摘した
TeToWaCo 2024 - Teaching Tourism Walking Conference: learning and teaching multiliteracies in tourism（CATS Library Vol.18）
No full textInvolvement of β-glucan receptors on the antitumor activity of β-glucans
No full textβ-glucans consisting of β-(1,3)-linked glucose as the main chain (hereafter simply called “β-glucan”) are suggested to have the potential for many beneficial effects on health. Among known beneficial effects, the most notable effect of β-glucan would be the antitumor effect. The antitumor effect of β-glucan has been known since the mid-twentieth century. In current cancer treatments where immune checkpoint inhibitors are attracting attention, it is expected that the combined administration of β-glucan will exhibit a greater therapeutic effect. The antitumor effect of β-glucan is believed to be closely linked to the receptors that recognize β-glucan. On the other hand, it has been clarified that there are many receptors for the recognition of β-glucan, in addition to CR3 (complement receptor 3) and dectin-1 (dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1), the well-known β-glucan receptors. This review focused on various β-glucan receptors reported previously and discusses the molecular mechanisms through which β-glucans exhibit antitumor effects
Tuscan Early Child Education and Pedagogy : The "Territorio" idea at the Base layer of Italian culture
No full textCell-cycle dependence on the biological effects of boron neutron capture therapy and its modification by polyvinyl alcohol
No full textBoron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a unique radiotherapy of selectively eradicating tumor cells using boron compounds (e.g., 4-borono-l-phenylalanine [BPA]) that are heterogeneously taken up at the cellular level. Such heterogenicity potentially reduces the curative efficiency. However, the effects of temporospatial heterogenicity on cell killing remain unclear. With the technical combination of radiation track detector and biophysical simulations, this study revealed the cell cycle-dependent heterogenicity of BPA uptake and subsequent biological effects of BNCT on HeLa cells expressing fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicators, as well as the modification effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The results showed that the BPA concentration in the S/G2/M phase was higher than that in the G1/S phase and that PVA enhances the biological effects both by improving the uptake and by canceling the heterogenicity. These findings might contribute to a maximization of therapeutic efficacy when BNCT is combined with PVA and/or cell cycle-specific anticancer agents
An Examination of What Triggers Middle School Students to Begin to Have Concerns About Their Appearance
No full text日本では自分の容姿について肯定感を持てず悩む若者の割合が諸外国より高いことが明らかになっている。本研究では悩みを抱える割合が増加する中学2年生を対象とし，容姿について悩み始めるきっかけを検討した。結果，「恋愛感情」「他者との比較」「自己肯定感や自己実現の欲求」「友人関係の構築やいじめなど他者との関係性」「容姿による社会的価値づけ・評価への気づき」が抽出された。また，容姿が人生に与える影響の大きさについて不安を感じるなど，容姿が「生きづらさ」の原因となっている可能性が示唆された
A New Genus and Species of the Spring-endemic Ostracoda (Cypricercinae, Cyprididae) and its Genetic Population Structure among Rheocrenic Springs in Japan
No full textWe describe the ostracod Lissostrandesia fonticola gen. et sp. nov. in the subfamily Cypricercinae McKenzie, 1971, collected from six rheocrenic springs in Japan. The populations sampled were separated by up to 1000 km, and some of them by one or two marine straits, which comprise significant barriers for freshwater animals. Lissostrandesia differs from the other 13 cypricercine genera in (1) lacking a groove and inner list on the anterior inner margin of the left valve; (2) having b and d setae on the fifth limb; (3) having d1 and d2 setae on the sixth limb; (4) having a stout attachment of the caudal ramus; (5) having a Triebel’s loop on the dorsal branch of the attachment; and (6) having a long free ventral branch, its length more than twice its width, and (7) having a free dorsal branch contributing to a tip on Triebel’s loop. These differences were enough to warrant establishment of a new tribe, Lissostrandesiini, to accommodate the new genus. We present a key to the genera in Cypricercinae. The maximum p-distance for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene among six local populations was 0.662%, a low value indicative of conspecificity. In addition, four populations with sample sizes of 13–21 individuals shared two main COI haplotypes, indicating high apparent connectivity. A trend of decreasing genetic diversity from south to north suggests L. fonticola has had a longer history on Honshu Island and dispersed northward from there. Using the 16S rRNA gene as a marker, we detected the endosymbiotic bacterium Cardinium, a group of “reproduction-anipulating” bacteria, in five populations, suggesting that L. fonticola is parthenogenetic. Passive dispersal is the most likely explanation for the broad distribution of this species across strong geographic barriers
Normal tissue complication probability model for severe radiation-induced lymphopenia in patients with pancreatic cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy
No full textBackground and purpose Radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) may be associated with a worse prognosis in pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to develop a normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model to predict severe RIL in patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Materials and methods We reviewed pancreatic cancer patients treated at our facility for model training and internal validation. Subsequently, we reviewed data from three other facilities to validate model fit externally. An absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) of ＜0.5 × 103/μL during CCRT was defined as severe RIL. An NTCP model was trained using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-based logistic model. The model’s predictive performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC), scaled Brier score, and calibration plots. Results Among the 114 patients in the training set, 78 had severe RIL. LASSO showed that low baseline ALC, large planning target volume, and high percentage of bilateral kidneys receiving ≥ 5Gy were selected as parameters of the NTCP model for severe RIL. The AUC and scaled Brier score were 0.91 and 0.49, respectively. Internal validation yielded an average AUC of 0.92. In the external validation with 68 patients, the AUC and scaled Brier score was 0.83 and 0.30, respectively. Calibration plots showed good conformity. Conclusions The NTCP model for severe RIL during CCRT for pancreatic cancer, developed and validated in this study, demonstrated good predictive performance. This model can be used to evaluate and compare the risk of RIL
