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Description of a New Cruranthura Species from the Miyako Islands, Japan, with Its DNA Barcode (Isopoda: Anthuroidea: Paranthuridae)
No full textWe describe Cruranthura viridis sp. nov. based on four specimens collected from the subtidal zone near Irabu Island, Miyako Islands, Okinawa, Japan. This species differs from four congeneric species in having (1) small body size (2.53–3.38 mm), (2) moss green body color, (3) eyes, (4) pleonite 1 longer than pleonite 2, (5) telson length 2.06–2.33 times telson width, (6) propodus of pereopod 1 with 6–10 inner spiniform setae, and (7) the endopods of pleopods 2–5 uniarticulate, with plumose setae. We also determined the partial sequence of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from the holotype specimen. We discuss differences in piercing mouthparts among paranthurid genera
Evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet Over the Next Three Centuries From an ISMIP6 Model Ensemble
No full textThe Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6) is the primary effort of CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project–Phase 6) focusing on ice sheets, designed to provide an ensemble of process-based projections of the ice-sheet contribution to sea-level rise over the twenty-first century. However, the behavior of the Antarctic Ice Sheet beyond 2100 remains largely unknown: several instability mechanisms can develop on longer time scales, potentially destabilizing large parts of Antarctica. Projections of Antarctic Ice Sheet evolution until 2300 are presented here, using an ensemble of 16 ice-flow models and forcing from global climate models. Under high-emission scenarios, the Antarctic sea-level contribution is limited to less than 30 cm sea-level equivalent (SLE) by 2100, but increases rapidly thereafter to reach up to 4.4 m SLE by 2300. Simulations including ice-shelf collapse lead to an additional 1.1 m SLE on average by 2300, and can reach 6.9 m SLE. Widespread retreat is observed on that timescale in most West Antarctic basins, leading to a collapse of large sectors of West Antarctica by 2300 in 30%–40% of the ensemble. While the onset date of retreat varies among ice models, the rate of upstream propagation is highly consistent once retreat begins. Calculations of sea-level contribution including water density corrections lead to an additional ∼10% sea level and up to 50% for contributions accounting for bedrock uplift in response to ice loading. Overall, these results highlight large sea-level contributions from Antarctica and suggest that the choice of ice sheet model remains the leading source of uncertainty in multi-century projections
Positive Tourist Experience : The PERMA Approach for Understanding the Well-Being of Young Tourists
No full textDespite a rise in studies applying the PERMA framework (Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning and Accomplishment) to tourist well-being, few studies explore how the five elements within the PERMA framework interconnect to contribute to the well-being of young tourists. This study employed a qualitative research approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews guided by the PERMA framework to investigate young tourists’ perceptions of well-being. Findings were analyzed using thematic analysis, revealing that the young tourists’ well-being is believed to encompass two key components: enjoyment, representing hedonic well-being, and meaning, representing eudaimonic well-being. Enjoyment may stem from tourist activities or social interactions, while meaning could be derived from actualizing core values or fulfilling travel purposes. Theoretically, the study advances the PERMA framework by strategically aligning its elements in direct response to various tourist experiences. This provides a novel perspective for future researchers, suggesting the potential use of the PERMA framework as an alternative approach for understanding young tourists’ well-being. Practically, the study offers insights for individuals to craft improved tourism plans, leveraging their travel experiences to enhance well-being. For example, individuals could benefit from being more mindful in designing and executing their travels, ensuring a positive tourist experience
A case of Crohn’s disease with oral lesions that was difficult to diagnose
No full textCrohn’s disease (CD) is a granulomatous inflammatory disorder with no known cause that develops in the gastrointestinal tract. Oral lesions are associated with CD in 4 %- 20 % of cases. These oral lesions typically occur at the same time as intestinal lesions, but can precede intestinal lesions in 30 %- 60 % of cases. We describe a case of CD in a 15- year boy who presented with swollen lips and refractory oral ulceration. He attended our department for a thorough examination after visiting a dentist at a nearby hospital for m ultiple stomatitis. At the initial examination, he exhibited diffuse swelling of the upper lip and multiple intraoral ulcers , which did not improve with steroid ointment. At 1 year after his first visit, he complained of abdominal symptoms and was referred to the Department of Gastroenterology. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy led to a suspected diagnosis o f CD. Treatment with immunosuppressive drugs was initiated, and the oral lesions improved. The patient is curren tly under medication control. When examining a patient with lip swelling and refractory oral ulcerative lesions, CD should be included as a differential diagnosis. Furthermore, it is important to conduct a thorough medical interview, provide f ollow-up observations, and collaborate with medical specialists for early diagnosis and treatment.クローン病（Crohn‘ｓ disease：CD）は消化管に発症する原因不明の肉芽腫性炎症性疾患である．口腔病変は4 ～ 20 %に合併し，多くは腸病変と同時期に発症するが，腸病変に先行するものも30～60 %あるとされる．今回，口唇の腫脹と難治性口腔潰瘍を契機にCDの診断に至った1 例を報告する．患者は15歳男児．多発性の口内炎を主訴に近病院歯科を受診後，精査依頼で当科を紹介された．初診時に上唇のびまん性腫脹および難治性の口腔内多発性潰瘍を認め，ステロイド軟膏にて改善を認めなかった．初診から1年後に腹部症状の訴えがあり，CDを疑い消化器内科へ紹介し，上部内視鏡検査の所見から確定診断へ至った．免疫抑制剤にて治療開始したところ，口腔病変も改善し，現在投薬コントロール中である．口唇腫脹や難治性の口腔潰瘍性病変を診察する際にはCDも鑑別診断として考慮するべきであり，早期の診断と治療には十分な医療面接と経過観察および医科との連携が重要になると考えられた
Indispensable Factors for Launching and Organizing Grass-roots Science Cafes: From Qualitative Studies of Three Science Cafes in Northern Kyushu Area
No full text本研究では，市民によって運営されているサイエンスカフェの開設過程および継続運営に影響を与えた要素を明らかにすべく，サイエンスカフェ運営者へのインタビュー調査および逐語録の質的な分析を行った．インタビュー調査では，九州北部地域の三つのサイエンスカフェの運営者に対して，「サイエンスカフェ」との出会いから自らサイエンスカフェを開設するに至るまでの過程を聞いた．分析においては，インタビュー調査の逐語録からオープンコーディングを行い，それぞれの開設過程に関するプロセスモデルを作成した．三つのサイエンスカフェのプロセスモデルの比較から，先行研究でも継続運営の要素として指摘されていた，サイエンスカフェ開催を受け入れてくれる会場の存在に加え，新たに「サイエンスカフェ」との偶然の出会い，サイエンスカフェというイベント手法への興味・関心の醸成といった段階や，話題提供者との繋がりが得られる機会の存在，運営者の生涯学習者としての態度が，三者に共通する要素として浮かび上がった．今後はこれら要素が，サイエンスカフェの開設を断念してしまった市民，または他地域のサイエンスカフェ，あるいは継続的にサイエンスカフェを運営している研究者などにも適用されうるか，検証していくことが望まれる．In this study, we conducted an interview survey with science cafe organizers and a qualitative analysis of the transcripts to clarify the process of launching science cafes organized by citizens and factors necessary for continuous operation. In the interview survey, we asked the organizers of three science cafes about the process of encountering “science cafes” to launch their science cafes. The interview transcript was analyzed using the open coding method, and we created process models for each launching process. It was found that there were chance encounters with the “science cafes” and the stage of fostering interest in it. And the existence of opportunities to connect with researchers and the presence of a venue that accepts the science safe are indispensable factors. The organizer's attitude as a lifelong learner may also be an essential factor. In the future, we will survey science cafes in other areas, citizens who have given up on launching science cafes and researchers who organizes science cafe continuously
Study of Science Communication through Nuclear Heritage: From the Exhibition of Daigo Fukuryu Maru, a Ship Exposed to Radiation
No full text本稿では近年，西欧中心の文化遺産学で注目の高まってきた「暗黒遺産」の概念とその研究対象の一つである平和博物館の機能に着目し，暗黒遺産のオブジェクトを取り扱う平和博物館における科学技術コミュニケーションの有り様について検討する．このため，「来館者との科学技術コミュニケーション」と「当事者およびその家族との科学技術コミュニケーション」のそれぞれについて，科学技術コミュニケーション上の工夫点および留意点について聴き取り調査をおこなった．その結果，前者では児童・生徒の発達段階に合わせること，そして多様な人びとを巻き込むことのできるよう工夫がなされていることが，後者では展示構築を通じて社会へ積極的に関与する当事者ばかりではないことをはじめとして，当事者およびその家族とのコミュニケーションは葛藤をはらむものであることが窺われた．このことから，科学技術コミュニケーターは関係する科学技術に関する説明・意見を噛み砕いて市民に伝えるだけでなく，当事者と科学者の仲介者として，当事者をはじめ市民の意見・意向・希望を科学者に伝えていく役割も持つことが示唆された
Development of Chromatin Immunoprecipitation for the Analysis of Histone Modifications in Red Macroalga Neopyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta)
Get PDFEpigenetic regulation by histone modification can activate or repress transcription through changes in chromatin dynamics and regulates development and the response to environmental signals in both animals and plants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is an indispensable tool to identify histones with specific post-translational modifications. The lack of a ChIP technique for macroalgae has hindered understanding of the role of histone modification in the expression of genes in this organism. In this study, a ChIP method with several modifications, based on existing protocols for plant cells, has been developed for the red macroalga, Neopyropia yezoensis, that consists of a heterogeneous alternation of macroscopic leaf-like gametophytes and microscopic filamentous sporophytes. ChIP method coupled with qPCR enables the identification of a histone mark in generation-specific genes from N. yezoensis. The results indicate that acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 in the 5 ' flanking and coding regions from generation-specific genes was maintained at relatively high levels, even in generation-repressed gene expression. The use of this ChIP method will contribute significantly to identify the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms through histone modifications that control a variety of biological processes in red macroalgae
