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Apseudes ranma sp. nov. (Tanaidacea: Apseudidae) found in a public aquarium, with notes on phylogeny and a presumptive stridulatory organ
Get PDFWe describe Apseudes ranma sp. nov. from the Port of Nagoya Public Aquarium, Nagoya, Japan. It resembles two congeners, Apseudes curtiramus (Guţu, 2007) and Apseudes orghidani Guţu and Iliffe, 1989, in having the rostrum triangular, wider than long, the carapace without lateral spines, distinct and round eye lobes, pereonites 3–6 with a pair of tongue-shaped anterolateral projections, and the pleotelson with two pairs of lateral projections, but differs from them in having lateral setae on the anterolateral margin of the carapace and a ventro-subproximal spine on the pereopod-1 basis, and in the number of spiniform setae on articles of pereopods 2–4. We determined partial nucleotide sequences for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 18S rRNA (18S) genes in A. ranma sp. nov. for future DNA barcoding and phylogeny reconstruction. In an 18S tree, A. ranma sp. nov. was the sister taxon to Apseudes nipponicus Shiino, 1937, and this clade was the sister group to moderately supported Carpoapseudes clade. We discovered a presumptive stridulatory organ in A. ranma sp. nov. consisting of a cylindrical protrusion and knobbly area on the inner surface of each of the left and right chelipedal bases. The location of the protrusion and knobbly area suggests that these may be a plectrum and pars stridens, respectively
On the Short and Long Forms of the Chuvash Conditional Converb
No full textThe Chuvash conditional converb has two forms: the short form -sAn and the long form -sAssĂn. These forms mainly express the conditions or the anteriority of an action. This paper focuses on the difference between the short form -sAn and the long form -sAssĂn. Some studies have assumed that both forms express the same meaning, while one other study has assigned different translations to the two forms. Based on the results of the quantitative and acceptability surveys, this paper shows that 1) the long form can replace the short form in almost all functions, 2) the frequency of occurrence of the long form is significantly lower, approximately 6% of the total, 3) the frequency of the long form is largely skewed from the average of approximately 6% in some conjunctive and adverbial expressions, but even when high, it is approximately 13% of the total, and 4) the acceptability of the long form is lower in some expressions. Based on the findings above, this paper concludes that Landmann’s (2014: 95) description of the long form as a “relatively rarely used secondary form” is valid
Verbal Suffix -lu- in the Northern Dialect of Uilta
No full textThis paper focuses on the verbal suffix -lu- in the northern dialect of Uilta (formerly called Orok), one of the Tungusic Languages. The observation is primarily based on materials collected on Sakhalin Island from the 1990s onward. As a result, the form -luxA(n)-PERS, in which the suffix is followed by the perfective participle ending -xA(n) and a personal ending, is analyzed as ‘began to’ and the basic function of -lu- can be determined as inchoative aspect, as the previous studies have suggested. However, it was found that it cannot help explain a certain kind of construction where the copula verb bi- follows a perfective participle with the suffix -lu-, as in luxA(n)(-PERS)#bi-. The -luxA(n)(-PERS)#bi- construction is often associated with the Russian expression including dolzhen (dolzhna, dolzhno, or dolzhny) by the native speakers today. Thus far, the author has not found any reliable examples of -lu- followed by the imperfective participle ending, i.e., -llee, which Petrova (1967) reported about, and -lli (<-lu+ri). As for the future participle form -luli (<-lu-li), the author observed three instances from a speaker. In this paper, the priority is given to the presentation of examples and the observation of the forms, and we do not go into a discussion of the semantics. The author concludes that much remains to be done to reveal the feature of the suffix
Changes in Risk Reporting by Japanese and U.S. Corporations, 2010-2019
Get PDFThis study undertakes a cross-cultural examination of corporate risk reporting to test for convergence and divergence perspectives on risk communication. It asks whether the frequencies of risk topics communicated by globalizing organizations from different national cultures become isomorphic or remain culturally distinct. It analyzed longitudinal data on risk factors reported by Japanese and US corporations in their annual reports. It focused on the effects of time and national culture on the frequencies of risk topics. The results provided evidence to support the convergence perspective for the risk topics and the divergence perspective for one of the topics, respectively
The use of the prohibitive adverb in Ainu
No full text本稿ではアイヌ語における禁止の副詞を伴う否定的な命令文に注目する。典型的には、禁止の副詞を命令法の形にある主動詞の前に置くことによって形成されるが、いわゆる迂言的な命令表現もみられる。迂言的な構造では動詞に主語の人称接辞が付き、命令文に禁止の副詞以外の否定的な要素が含まれるなどがみられる。先行研究では様々な命令表現が紹介されているが、典型的な否定的な命令文とそうでない文の現れる頻度ついては現在まで明らかにされていない。本稿で扱った調査資料の分析の結果、禁止の副詞を含んだ禁止文は、典型的な構造は約６割であり、迂言的な構造は４割を下回る。また、禁止の副詞を伴う他の否定的な要素の付いている文に関しては、本研究で扱った調査資料の分析によれば稀だが可能な現象である。さらに、禁止文の後に肯定の命令文が多く現れ、否定の際に用いられる接続詞noは訂正辞（AではなくBだ）としても働くと本稿で論じた。This paper examines negative imperative sentences containing the prohibitive adverb in Ainu. Canonical negative imperatives are formed by placing the prohibitive adverb before the verb phrase, but so-called periphrastic constructions are also present. In periphrastic constructions, the verb may contain subject personal markings, additional negative elements apart from the prohibitive adverb and so on. Previous research present various imperative constructions, but they have failed to provide data on the occurrence of canonical and periphrastic constructions. This study presents that around 60% of the negative imperatives used in this Ainu material are canonical and less than 40% are periphrastic constructions. Furthermore, the analysis of the research material used in this study finds prohibitive constructions accompanied with other negations a rather rare, but possible, phenomenon. Additionally, as affirmative imperatives tend to follow prohibitives, I suggest that the conjunction no, which is used with negatives, can also be considered a corrective (not A but B)
Initiatives on Anti-Racial Harassment for Ainu People at Hokkaido University
No full text本稿では、北海道大学におけるアイヌ民族に対する差別的言動の防止に係る取組を紹介する。アイヌ民族の人権、歴史、文化、言語を尊重し、学内のアイヌ民族が置かれた環境を改善することは、大学においてアイヌと和民族（和人）等の非アイヌが新たなパートナーシップを築く礎となる。一方、非アイヌの大学構成員にとって、差別・偏見の解消を阻む課題の本質を理解することは容易ではない。アイヌ共生推進本部では、大学構成員がアイヌ民族に対する偏見、先入観、ステレオタイプを認識し、差別や敵対的環境を生み出さないように行動したり、身を守ったりすることができるよう支援するために、学生への教育、教職員への研修、そしてウェブページやリーフレットによる情報発信を行っている。今後もこれらの取組の検証と改善を継続していき、アイヌ民族にとってもその他の構成員にとっても安心で快適な学内環境の実現を目指す。This paper will introduce Hokkaido University’s initiatives to challenge discrimination and racial harassment against the Ainu people on campus. The recently established Office of Ainu Relations and Initiatives believes the cornerstones of building new partnerships between Ainu and ethnic Japanese/ non-Ainu university members are fostering respect for the human rights, history, culture, and language of the Ainu people, and building a supportive environment for students, faculty, and staff of Ainu descent. The office has developed initiatives that include student curriculum, staff/faculty sensitivity training, and the dissemination of information in print and digitally. Our aim is to raise awareness of the prejudices against and the stereotypes about Ainu people, as well as provide the tools for creating a safe space for students, faculty, and staff of Ainu descent. We are constantly monitoring our efforts in order to advance reconciliation and mutual understanding on campus
Approaches and Practices for Mutual Communication in Online Science Events Using the Senses : The Effectiveness of Audio-visual Contents for Feeling Energy
Get PDF対面でのサイエンスイベントは，双方向的なサイエンスコミュニケーションの場の一つとして重要である．しかし，2020 年初頭より新型コロナウイルス感染症（COVID-19）が流行し，サイエンスイベントのオンライン開催が急速に増加した．オンラインサイエンスイベントは，サイエンスコミュニケーションの灯を絶やさないという点で重要な役割を果たしているが，双方向性を持たせるためには対面でのイベントとは異なるアプローチを要すると筆者らは考えた．本稿では，筆者らが2021 年に企画・実施した，身の回りのエネルギーをテーマとした二つのオンラインサイエンスイベントの事例を紹介する．その中で，オンライン環境を生かすための工夫として，視覚と聴覚に訴求するコンテンツを活用したイベント設計を示すとともに，双方向的なコミュニケーションの場の構築の実践を示す．また，参加者に対して行ったアンケート結果を分析し，これらの工夫がオンラインサイエンスイベントの双方向性にどのように寄与するかを考察する．Face-to-face science events are important as opportunities for mutual science communication. However, the number of online science events has increased rapidly due to the COVID-19 infection since the beginning of 2020. While online science events play an important role in terms of continuing science communication, they should require different approaches to be interactive from face-to-face events. This report describes the cases of two online science events we held in 2021 on the theme of energy surrounding us. Specifically, this paper illustrates the design of events utilizing audio-visual contents to maximize the online experience, as well as the practice of facilitating mutual communication. We also analyze the results of questionnaire surveys conducted on the participants in the events and discuss how these approaches contribute to the mutual communication in online science events