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Tourism commercialisation and the frontstage-backstage metaphor in intangible cultural heritage tourism
No full textResolving tensions between tourism commercialisation and intangible cultural heritage (ICH) safeguarding is an important objective. Using the frontstage-backstage metaphor as an analytical lens, we investigate how tourism promotes ICH safeguarding and how detrimental aspects of tourism commercialisation can be handled in Miao silverware tourism in Fenghuang, China. Results show that tourism commercialisation is beneficial because it provides new possibilities and promotes the transformation of ICH. However, fake ICH products are detrimental, prioritising commercial value over ICH value. ICH inheritors create two separate commercial spaces to handle the segmented tourism market. The frontstage-backstage metaphor helps to investigate the transformational process of ICH in tourism and socio-psychological dilemmas of cultural practitioners in dealing with the multiplying realities of ICH
Hochuekkito successfully treated dysgeusia, tongue pain, and systematic symptoms in three older adults
No full textHochuekkito is one of the 11 Kampo medicines in the dental fiel d covered by insurance. It is a nutritional drink that regulate the function of the stomach and intestines and replenishes energy. The indications for Hochuekkito include not being able to take fatigue off, and loss of appetite. In the dental field, Hochuekkito is said to be effective in treating dysgeusia and dry mouth. We treated three patients in their 80s who had general malaise, decreased physical strength due to anorexia, coldness, and oral symptoms including idiopathic taste disorder and tongu e pain. The administration of Hochuekkito resulted in early recovery of their general condition and improvement in their oral symptoms. Herein we report an overview of the results. As Japan has a super-aging society, the number of such cases is expected to increase in the future, and Hochuekkito is expected to become an important treatment option.補中益気湯は，歯科領域で保険適応のある11の漢方薬の1 つで，漢方薬の栄養ドリンクとされ，胃腸の働きを整えて元気を補う作用があり，気力がわかない，だるくて疲れが取れない，食欲不振などが適応となる．歯科領域では味覚異常や口腔乾燥に効果があるとされている．今回，全身倦怠感，食欲不振による体力低下に冷えを伴い，特発性の味覚異常や舌痛を認めた80歳代の高齢患者3 症例に対して，補中益気湯投与により早期の口腔内症状の改善とともに，全身状態の回復を認めたのでその概要を報告する．超高齢社会の進展する本邦において，このような症例は今後増加していくものと思われ，補中益気湯はその治療薬の選択肢の1 つになると思われる
Effects of liquid-diet feeding on growth of rat periodontal ligament and cementum
No full textBecause modern people, especially children, tend to prefer soft food, the effects of soft food on the growth of oral tissues have been attracting clinical interest. This st udy was performed to clarify, both histologically and immunohistochemically, the effects of liquid-diet feeding on growth of the rat periodontal ligament and cementum, which are important for supporting the teeth against occlusal forces. Male Wistar rats were weaned at 21 days after birth (week 0). They were then divided into two groups: a control group fed a pellet diet and an experimental group fed a liquid diet for up to 8 weeks. The rats were then perfused with a fixative solution under general anesthesia following an injection of 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU), and their maxillae were removed. Sagittal sections of the mesial root of the first molar were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Azan. The width and area of the periodontal ligament as well as the thickness, length and area of the cellular cementum, were measured. The sections were immunostained with BrdU, and the number of BrdU-positive cells in the periodontal ligament were counted under a light microscope. In both the HE- and Azan-sections, abundant fibers were regularly arranged in the periodontal ligament at each period in both groups. Histometrically, there were no significant differences in the width and area of the periodontal ligament between two groups at any time point. The cellular cementum increased o ver time in both groups. However, the thickness and area of the cellular cementum in the experimental group were significantly less than those in the control group at some time points. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the nu mber of BrdU-positive cells in the periodontal ligament decreased over time in both groups. In some areas of t he periodontal ligament, the number of BrdU-positive cells per unit area was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control up to 2 weeks. These observations indicate that liquid-diet intake during the growing period has the unfavorable effects on the growth of the periodontal ligament and cellular cementum in rats.現代の食生活では，成長期に軟らかい食物を摂取する機会が増えてきている。歯根膜とセメント質は咬合力に耐えて歯の支持に関わる重要な組織であるが，軟食摂取が両組織の発育に及ぼす影響を検討した先行研究は少なく不明な点が多く残されている。そこで本研究では成長期ラットにおいて，液状飼料摂取が歯根膜とセメント質の発育に与える影響を組織学的，免疫組織化学的に明らかにすることを目的とした。 生後14日齢のWistar系雄性ラットを母親と一緒に搬入し，7 日後に離乳させ対照群と実験群に分けた。対照群には固形飼料を，実験群には液状飼料を与え，0 ～ 8 週間飼育した。飼育が終了した動物の上顎を正中断し左側をパラフィン包埋し第一臼歯近心根の矢状断切片を作製した。切片にはヘマトキシリン・エオジン（HE）染色およびアザン染色を施し, 光学顕微鏡にて組織学的に観察し，歯根膜と有細胞セメント質について各種組織計量学的検索を行った．また5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine（BrdU）免疫染色を行い，単位面積あたりの陽性歯根膜細胞数を計数した． 歯根膜については，全期間を通して対照群と実験群ともに規則的に配列する豊富な線維がみられ，両群間で明らかな組織学的な差異はみられなかった。組織計量解析でも歯根膜にはいずれの部位，期間においても両群間の解析項目に有意差は認められなかった。有細胞セメント質については両群ともに近心側で2 週以降，遠心側で1 週以降認められ経時的に増加した。組織計量解析では，実験群の有細胞セメント質は対照群よりも有意に小さい値を示す項目が認められた．BrdU陽性歯根膜細胞は0 週で最も多くみられ，以後両群ともにその数は経時的に減少した。単位面積あたりの陽性細胞は，1，2 週において対照群より実験群が有意に少ない部位があった． 結論として，成長期ラットにおいて液状飼料摂取は歯根膜細胞の増殖活性を低下させることに加えて，有細胞セメント質の形成も抑制することが示唆された
Long-term outcomes of combined revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease in the elderly : a single institute experience
No full textThe opportunity to treat older patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD) is increasing. However, the surgical outcomes after combined direct and indirect revascularization for elderly patients with MMD are not fully understood, especially for those ≥60 years old. This retrospective study examined 232 consecutive hemispheres of 165 adults with MMD who underwent combined revascularization. Clinical features and surgical outcomes were compared between the elderly (≥60 years) and nonelderly group (<60 years). Thirteen (5.6%, 64.4 ± 4.0 years old) and 219 hemispheres (94.4%, 40.2 ± 10.8 years old) were included in the elderly and nonelderly group, respectively. The proportion of clinical presentations before surgery did not differ. However, the prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia was significantly higher in the elderly group than in the nonelderly group. Meanwhile, hyperthyroidism was observed only in the nonelderly group. No significant intergroup differences were observed in the incidence of perioperative complications occurring within four weeks postsurgery. Notably, the elderly group was more prone to develop perioperative intracerebral hemorrhage (odds ratio (OR) 3.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45-13.5) than the nonelderly group. During a median follow-up period of 7.8 years, the incidence of stroke recurrence occurring later than four weeks postsurgery was not significantly different between the groups (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% CI 0.133-10.6). The prevalence of independent outcomes (76.9% vs. 90.4%, P = 0.14) and mortality (7.7% vs. 1.4%, P = 0.21) did not differ significantly between the elderly and nonelderly groups, respectively. Perioperative intracerebral hemorrhage may be common in the elderly and should be considered to achieve a favorable surgical outcome
Moyamoya syndrome associated with late-onset idiopathic aqueduct stenosis successfully treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy
No full textMoyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare idiopathic cerebrovascular disorder that causes transient ischemic attack (TIA) and ischemic stroke in the pediatric population. Herein, we report an extremely rare case of Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) and late-onset idiopathic aqueduct stenosis, a unique form of non-communicating hydrocephalus. A 17-year-old female presented with an intractable headache and occasional faintness. Pertinent medical history included a fourth ventricle epidermoid cyst without any evidence of aqueduct stenosis, which was surgically removed when she was two years of age. The patient subsequently experienced a TIA and was diagnosed with MMD at 14 years of age. Under the definitive diagnosis of MMS associated with a brain tumor, the patient underwent surgical revascularization of the symptomatic right hemisphere without complications. Although the ischemic symptoms resolved postoperatively, a medically intractable headache with occasional faintness persisted. Serial magnetic resonance imaging ultimately revealed newly developed non-communicating hydrocephalus due to acquired aqueduct stenosis at the age of 17. After careful exclusion of the development of either or both a periventricular anastomosis and vault moyamoya vessels along the surgical route using cerebral angiography, we performed an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) via the right anterior horn without complications. A complete resolution of her chronic headache with the shrinkage of the third ventriculomegaly was observed postoperatively. In cases of MMS associated with symptomatic aqueduct stenosis, transdural collaterals on the cranial vault and periventricular collaterals should be meticulously evaluated preoperatively using cerebral angiography to safely perform an ETV
Toughened single-lap joints by composite bondline of adhesive and double-sided tape
No full textThis study proposes the novel manufacturing method of adhesively bonded joint with double-sided tapes by following the concept of bi-adhesive bondline. The stress concentration at the ends of the bondline for a single-lap joint can be suppressed by utilizing flexibility of the double-sided tapes. The double-sided tapes also make it easy to control the bondline thickness and to hold the adherends with their stickiness until complete cure. A tensile-shear test of the aluminum/acrylic joint verified that replacing both ends of the 30 mm bondline by the 3 mm double-sided tape improved the maximum load by more than 20%. The observation on the bonded area through the transparent acrylic plate revealed the suppression of the debonding initiation. On the other hand, the aluminum/aluminum joint did not show the significant increase in the maximum load, but suppressed the unstable interfacial debonding. The strain distribution obtained by digital image correlation method proved that the double-sided tape has the same effect of compressive strain generated in the flexible adhesive in bi-adhesive bondline
Shell-Driven Localized Oxide Nanoparticles Determine the Thermal Stability of Microencapsulated Phase Change Material
No full textNot all encapsulation techniques are universally apt for every type of phase change material (PCM), highlighting the imperative for methodological precision. This study addresses the challenges of microencapsulated PCM (MEPCM) arising from the immiscible pairing of alpha-Al2O3 nanoparticles with Sn microparticles. The high-speed impact blending (HIB) dry synthesis technique is employed, facilitating large-volume production of Sn@alpha-Al2O3 MEPCMs. The resulting MEPCMs not only seamlessly endure 100 cycles of melting-solidification but also, with the strategic incorporation of a glass frit, exhibit remarkable thermal durability, withstanding up to 1000 melting-solidification cycles. Even under ultrafast thermal fluctuations, the alpha-Al2O3 shell remained resilient through 100 cycles. A marked reduction in supercooling is observed, which is attributed to the formation of SnO and SnO2 nanoparticles within the alpha-Al2O3 crystal lattice. The atomically resolved interface dynamics between SnO2 and alpha-Al2O3 play a pivotal role, lowering the energy barrier for Sn nuclei formation during solidification. This affects the accelerated Sn nucleation rate, effectively suppressing supercooling. Such insights offer a deeper understanding of the interplay between nanoscale crystal lattice imperfections and their implications for energy storage applications
The movement disorder society criteria : its clinical usefulness in multiple system atrophy
No full textObjective In 2022, Wenning et al. proposed the Movement Disorder Society Criteria (MDS criteria) for the Diagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). These criteria were expected to provide useful alternatives to the second consensus statement. We examined trends in these diagnostic criteria.Methods We used patient data registered with the Hokkaido Rare Disease Consortium for Multiple System Atrophy, which has been recruiting patients with MSA through medical facilities in Hokkaido since November 2014. Patients were evaluated according to the MDS criteria based on neurological examinations and imaging findings at three separate times: the first evaluation, the time of enrollment (diagnosis), and the most recent evaluation (final evaluation).Results The MDS criteria were examined in 68 of 244 patients enrolled between November 2014 and July 2022. At the initial evaluation, the classifications were as follows: clinically established (n=27; 39.7%); clinically probable (n=13; 19.1%); possible prodromal (n=12; 17.6%); and negative [did not meet criteria (n=16; 23.5%)]. At the time of diagnosis, the classifications were as follows: clinically established (n=45; 66.2%); clinically probable (n=12; 17.6%); possible prodromal (n=4; 5.9%); and negative (n=7; 10.3%). At the final evaluation, the classifications were as follows: clinically established (n=52; 76.5%); clinically probable (n=9; 13.2%); possible prodromal (n=2; 2.9%); and negative (n=5; 7.4%).Conclusion We were able to clarify the changes in the criteria values and transition of patients due to the clarification of imaging and supportive findings in the MDS criteria