81690 research outputs found
Sort by
The practice of Soto Zen's Antaiji seen through pollution
No full text本稿は，既存の修行論や仏道修行に収まらない曹洞宗安泰寺における修行の機能を関根康正のケガレ論をもとに論じる。当寺の動物解体や腐敗利用は現代社会や仏教でもケガレとして避けられるものであり，当寺の修行の特異な部分である。そこで当寺の鹿の解体と腐敗を現代社会の屠畜場，仏教の九相図とともに物質文化論や物質宗教論の立場から比較検討する。そして，ケガレを積極的に受容する当寺の修行は，既存の社会や仏教の浄・不浄の超越的視点から降りる梯子として機能することを示したい。本稿は，既存の修行論の課題である実践における物質的要素への検討という問題に取り組んだものとしても位置づけられる
Reexamination of Japanese Verb Classification from the Viewpoint of Transitivity
No full text本論は，主体が動作・行為を実施することで目的語にどのような影響を与えるのかについて，従来の動詞分類を概観したうえで，日本語の自他動詞の分類法を採用し，動作性という概念を用いて意味論的に分類を行ったものである。他動詞を「消滅動詞」と「作成動詞」，「所有関係変化動詞」，「対象変化動詞」，「単なる動作動詞」，「その他の動詞」に分けた。一方で，自動詞を「出現・消滅動詞」と，「動作動詞」，「移動動詞」，「その他の動詞」に分類した。また，周知の通り，時間や場所を表すものが動詞に限界性を与えることができる。実は，「太郎はリンゴを3個食べている。」のように，動詞の前に数量詞を付与して使うことによって，動作の限界性の解釈も生じることがある。そこで，本論はアスペクトのコントロールに数量詞が関わっていると考え，限界性からの動詞分類を提案することも試みた。結果として，本来開始限界を持たないものが開始限界を持つようになり，一方で，終了限界を持たないものが終了限界を持つようになる。さらに，非限界動詞が限界動詞に転じることができるという現象が見られる。合わせて見ると，数量詞の付加によって，6通りの限界性解釈ができると推測される
Effect of Single Oral Coingestion of GABA and Malic Acid on Postprandial GLP-1, Glucose, and Insulin Responses in Healthy Volunteers : A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study
No full textScopeThis study examines whether coingestion of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and malic acid (MA) before meals enhances glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, and which affects subsequent insulin and glycemic responses in humans.Methods and resultsInitially, a murine enteroendocrine STC-1 cell line is used to verify coadministration of GABA and MA synergistically induces GLP-1 secretion. Next, 22 healthy adults are given water (50 mL) containing 400 mg GABA and 400 mg MA (Test), or only 400 mg citric acid (CA) (Placebo) 20 min before meal tolerance test (MTT). Interval blood samples are taken postprandially over 180 min to determine GLP-1, insulin, and glucose responses. By comparison to preload of Placebo, preload of Test significantly increases plasma GLP-1 (total/active) levels (incremental area under the curve by 1.2- and 1.6-fold), respectively. However, there are no significant differences in postprandial blood glucose and insulin.ConclusionCoingestion of GABA and MA before meals enhances postprandial GLP-1 secretion. Future studies should explore optimal dosage regimens to find the efficacy of the mixture on insulin and glycemic response. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and malic acid (MA) are identified in an aqueous corn protein extract, which synergistically stimulate GLP-1 releasing activity in vitro. Moreover, coingestion of GABA and MA before meals enhances postprandial GLP-1 secretion in healthy adults. However, the present dosage regimens do not effectively affect postprandial insulin and blood glucose levels. imag
Impact of pulmonary vein-first ligation during lobectomy on the postoperative survival and recurrence rates in patients with non-small cell lung cancer : a multicenter propensity score-matched study
No full textPurpose Surgical manipulation of the lungs increases the number of circulating tumor cells and the subsequent risk of metastasis in patients with lung cancer. This study investigated whether or not ligating the tumor-draining pulmonary vein first during lobectomy could improve the prognosis of these patients. Methods We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent curative lobectomy for solitary nonsmall-cell lung carcinoma between January 2012 and December 2016. We divided the patients into the vein-first group, in which all associated pulmonary veins were dissected and severed before cutting the pulmonary artery, bronchus, or pulmonary fissure, and the other procedure group. Results Overall, we included 177 and 413 patients in the vein-first and other procedure groups, respectively. Propensity score matching yielded 67 pairs of patients. The 5-year overall survival (85.6% [95% confidence interval, 77.3–94.8%] vs. 69.4% [58.7–81.9%], P = 0.03%) and recurrence-free survival (73.4% [63.3–85.1%] vs. 53.5% [42.5–67.3%], P = 0.02) were significantly better in the vein-first group than in the other procedure group. The cumulative recurrence rate at 5 years post-surgery was significantly lower in the vein-first group than in the other procedure group (21.7% vs. 38.3%, P = 0.04). Conclusion Our study suggests that ligating the pulmonary vein first during lobectomy for lung cancer can improve the overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and cumulative recurrence rate
Zn/F carbenoids : preparation, structures, stability, and application to nucleophilic monofluoroalkylation
No full textCarbenoids have been important reactive intermediates in organic synthesis. Thus, numerous investigations have focused on carbenoids with diverse M/X (M = metal, X = leaving group) combinations. However, there have been limited studies on Zn/F carbenoids, despite their potential as nucleophilic monofluoroalkylating reagents. Here, we present the results of comprehensive studies on Zn/F carbenoids. These carbenoids can be generated at ambient temperature through the oxidative addition of 1-fluoro-1-haloalkanes. At 23 degrees C, they exhibit a half-life of several hours, which is a more than a 106-fold increase compared to that of Li/F carbenoids. This increased stability facilitated various NMR analyses, which revealed for the first time their solution-state structure and their decomposition mechanism. In the presence of CuCN2LiCl, Zn/F carbenoids efficiently couple with various electrophiles, demonstrating broad functional group compatibility at ambient temperature and enabling facile access to diverse functionalized monofluoroalkanes. We described here comprehensive studies on Zn/F carbenoids. Zn/F carbenoids were found to be stable and useful nucleophilic monofluoroalkylating reagents, providing a new synthetic route to functionalized monofluroalkanes
Near-infrared light-boosted antimicrobial activity of minocycline/hyaluronan/carbon nanohorn composite toward peri-implantitis treatments
No full textDental implant therapy is a reliable treatment for replacing missing teeth. However, as dental implants become more widely used, peri-implantitis increasingly has become a severe complication, making successful treatment more difficult. As a result, the development of effective drug delivery systems (DDSs) and treatments for peri-implantitis are urgently needed. Carbon nanohorns (CNHs) are carbon nanomaterials that have shown promise for use in DDSs and have photothermal effects. The present study exploited the unique properties of CNHs to develop a phototherapy employing a near-infrared (NIR) photoresponsive composite of minocycline, hyaluronan, and CNH (MC/HA/CNH) for peri-implantitis treatments. MC/HA/CNH demonstrated antibacterial effects that were potentiated by NIR-light irradiation, a property that was mediated by photothermal-mediated drug release from HA/CNH. These antibacterial effects persisted even following 48 h of dialysis, a promising indication for the clinical use of this material. We propose that the treatment of peri-implantitis using NIR and MC/HA/CNH, in combination with surgical procedures, might be employed to target relatively deep affected areas in a timely and efficacious manner. We envision that this innovative approach will pave the way for future developments in implant therapy. A near-infrared responsive composite material (MC/HA/CNH) was developed for the treatment of peri-implantitis. The MC/HA/CNH showed enhanced antimicrobial effect by near-infrared light irradiation, which lasted for 48 hours
Time-resolved imaging of GHz acoustic vibrations at arbitrary frequencies using asynchronous periodic probe laser pulses
No full textWe present a technique for imaging gigahertz surface acoustic waves in the time domain at arbitrary frequencies, in which acoustic waves are excited asynchronously to the optical probe pulse train used to detect them. We apply this approach to the two-dimensional imaging of electrically excited single-frequency surface acoustic waves on a GaAs substrate with a deposited interdigital transducer. This technique significantly increases the possible fields of application for gigahertz acoustic wave device imaging
Accessing a Diverse Set of Functional Red-Light Photoswitches by Selective Copper-Catalyzed Indigo N-Arylation
No full textThe ability to correlate the structure of a molecule with its properties is the key to the rational and accelerated design of new functional compounds and materials. Taking photoswitches as an example, the thermal stability of the metastable state is a crucial property that dictates their application in molecular systems. Indigos have recently emerged as an attractive motif for designing photoswitchable molecules due to their red-light addressability, which can be advantageous in biomedical and material applications. The lack of synthetic techniques to derivatize the abundant parent dye and a thorough understanding of the impact of structural factors on the photochemical and thermal properties hinder broad applications of this emerging photoswitch class. Herein, we report an efficient copper-catalyzed indigo N-arylation that enables the installation of a wide variety of aryl moieties carrying useful functional groups. The exclusive selectivity for monoarylation likely originates from a bimetallic cooperative mechanism through a binuclear copper-indigo intermediate. Functional N-aryl-N '-alkylindigos were prepared and shown to photoisomerize efficiently under red light. Moreover, this design allows for the modulation of thermal half-lives through N-aryl substituents, while the N '-alkyl groups enable the independent attachment of functional moieties without affecting the photochromic properties. A strong correlation between the structure of the N-aryl moiety and the thermal stability of the photogenerated Z-isomers was achieved by multivariate linear regression models obtained through a data-science workflow. This work thus builds an avenue leading to versatile red-light photoswitches and a general method for structure-property correlation that is expected to be broadly applicable to the design of photoresponsive molecules