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Channel flow that reduces pressure drop, minimizes friction, improves heat transfer, and facilitates cleaning
No full textThe two main themes presented in this thesis are the effects of temperature-dependent viscosity in fluid flows and the influence of complex fluids usage for cleaning purposes. Viscosity gradients occur in many industrial and manufacturing processes such as 3D printing, heat exchange cooling systems, injection molding, etc. A proper understanding of how these viscosity gradients affect the flow can lead to appropriate allocation for pumping power and improved energy management. Moreover, complex fluids can have constituents such as fibers, colloids, or polymers that cause their rheological and thermal properties to change. Therefore, if we can predict how these changes occur, we can optimize these changes to our advantage.
Here, by coupling analyses of the momentum and energy equations, we derive a low-Reynolds number analytical expression for the pressure drop across a heated narrow pipe and then extend the results to a converging channel with an arbitrary cross-section. We highlight how changing the temperature boundary conditions at the wall impacts the pressure drop correction. Then we assess how changing the shape of a converging channel and contraction ratio affects the pressure drop. Additionally, we will outline the trade-off between improved heat transfer effectiveness and pressure drop reduction due to viscosity changes as these are important design considerations. Subsequently, we consider how increasing a fluid viscosity's sensitivity to temperature changes affects the wall slip velocity on a flat plate enhancing the reduction in friction and improving heat transfer effectiveness.
Finally, we discuss a purely experimental work focused on the cleaning efficacy of a micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) suspension. We highlight the spatial variations in cleaning effectiveness in small channels and how the fibrillar network formed by the cellulose material causes an increase in the viscosity leading to higher shear stress at the wall which is favorable for effective cleaning. Additionally, we consider varying the concentration of fibers in the fluid and the flow rate. Finally, we examine how the corresponding changes in the rheology are linked to the cleaning efficiency of the respective suspensions
Reaching “Peach Blossom Spring”: Poetry and Painting in Fifteenth-Century Korea and Japan
No full textThis dissertation explores the fifteenth-century Korean and Japanese phenomenon of envisioning an ideal place, representing it in poetry and painting, and combining the two into one unified work. Korean and Japanese intellectuals admired idyllic landscapes imagined in Chinese literature, such as the Peach Blossom Spring, a utopian landscape described in a fifth-century Chinese tale by the renowned Tao Yuanming. Their representations of such landscapes in poem-painting scrolls illuminate the East Asian reception of Chinese classics and how such scrolls became sites in which they displayed knowledge of Chinese culture and versatility in poetry and painting. At the same time, the differences highlight these actors’ agency in adapting Chinese artistic forms in response to contemporary Korean and Japanese sociocultural contexts.Chapter One examines the origins of these scrolls, focusing on Chinese ideals of poetry-painting unity and reclusion, which embodied scholarly identity and political sentiments. Chapter Two investigates poem-painting projects by the royal patron, Prince Anp’yŏng, especially Dream Journey to the Peach Blossom Spring (1447–50), through which the prince and his associates developed a collaborative poem-painting culture that signaled Anp’yŏng’s cultural and political aspirations. Chapter Three explores how the prince’s favored painter, An Kyŏn, reimagined the Peach Blossom Spring in his Dream Journey painting, employing Korean sources rather than only Chinese models. Chapter Four discusses two Japanese works, Hidden Cottage by a Mountain Stream (1413) and Mountain Villa (before 1415), showing how Japanese Zen monks and secular elites addressed Chinese ideals in light of Zen principles and Japanese political realities. The epilogue considers the decline of these poem-painting scrolls in post-fifteenth-century Korea and Japan, while recognizing the lasting influence of the ideals of poetry-painting unity and reclusion, which resurged in eighteenth-century literati painting. Through a comparative, interdisciplinary, and transcultural perspective, this dissertation eschews art-historical and literary analyses that treat paintings and texts separately rather than as a single, unified expression. Instead, I study these works as sites of collective agency, where patrons, poets, and painters responded to, and inspired, one another, demonstrating the dynamic and distinctive qualities of this paradigmatic cultural practice of fifteenth-century Korea and Japan
Worldmaking in Music, Sound Art, and Instrument Design
No full textThe audio arts, and music in particular, have often been understood according to a narrative concept based on a dramatic arc of conflict and resolution. I propose that a body of work exists that is better understood as an act of worldmaking in which artworks exist as assemblages of continuous process. This thesis explores ways in which the idea of worldmaking has shaped artistic practices in the audio arts. It begins by proposing a theoretical framework based primarily on the work of Ursula K. Le Guin and Anna Tsing, then examines how these ideas have been applied in the work of several composers, sound artists, and instrument designers.
In music, Pauline Oliveros, Brian Eno, and Hildegard Westerkamp have each created bodies of work that have been influential on the practice of worldmaking in music. I examine the concepts underpinning their individual practices as well as the larger cultural movements that they have each contributed to before moving on to the distinct but related musical ideas of John Luther Adams and Anna Þorvaldsdóttir, focusing on their immersive instrumental works Inuksuit and METAXIS.
In addition to his work as a composer, Adams has also created sound installations that sonify natural systems. I explore how the indefinite nature of sound installations affects their ability to create a sense of place by comparing Adams’ The Place Where You Go To Listen with Andrea Polli’s Atmospherics/Weather Works and with other sound installations based on nature data.
Finally, I discuss the application of worldmaking concepts to instrument design. I begin with a broad discussion of the modular synthesizer as an assemblage instrument, then examine two instruments that demonstrate distinct approaches to worldmaking: Peter Blasser’s Plumbutter, and Tyler Etters’ Arcologies.
The portfolio section of this dissertation includes my composition a body in a place, my sound installation Sound Fisher, my electro-acoustic instrument Resin, and my software instrument Flyway. Together, these provide an illustrative overview of my creative work at Princeton
A NEW FOUNDATION OF MUSIC: SAMPLING AND ITS IMPACT ON THE CREATIVE PROCESS
No full textThe term “sampling”, when talking about music, has taken on a number of differentmeanings to reflect its many usages in recorded and electronic music. These meanings and
definitions are as varied as the individual sampling practices, but all of them are born of the
capabilities, limitations and product design of specific pieces of hardware. Drum machines and
samplers have become so ubiquitous across all genres of music that we often take for granted the
seismic shifts in the conceptualization of primary musical materials that are a result of these
developments in music technology. These shifts don’t only manifest in recorded music or live
electronics music, they are also plainly evident in notated concert music.
While the rise of the microchip and the resulting technology of the 1980s made electronicmusic more accessible to musicians outside of academia and high-end recording studios, the
groundwork for the musical developments of that era was laid over the course of almost forty
years, from musique concrète all the way through DIY DJ-ing. This dissertation isn’t a historical
recounting of these developments, but instead analyzes the manner in which specific design
choices encouraged musicians of all backgrounds to think outside the electronic box
On the interplay between schemas and stories: How story schemas scaffold memory and constrain predictions
No full textHuman beings demonstrate a universal impulse to share and consume stories. Over generations of transmission, within and across cultures, stories have evolved to develop certain regularities in their structures. Through the cumulative exposure to these shared, recurring structural features, people may develop internal counterparts: cognitive structures, or schemas, that capture stories’ structural regularities—in other words, story schemas in the mind. In this dissertation, I explore two ways these story schemas make themselves known: through their influence on memory, and through their influence on prediction. In Chapter Two, I explore the effects of story schema on people’s memory, using the highly popular Cinderella story form. I developed new natural language processing (NLP) techniques to track the evolution of novel stories as they were told and retold. I find evidence that stories that follow a culturally familiar structure, i.e., the Cinderella structure, are both more stable in a single reteller’s memory, and remembered more similarly across independent storytellers. This suggests that recall for such stories may be scaffolded by existing story schemas in the mind. And, given the similarity of people’s narrative experience with highly popular story forms, these story schemas may be shared—at least by people in similar cultural contexts. In Chapter Three, I adopt a developmental approach to track the emergence of story schemas’ influence on prediction. I generated novel stories modeled off of popular fables, for which we might expect corresponding story schemas in people’s minds. I find that, between the ages of 3 and 5, children increasingly predict the typical, i.e., schema-consistent, outcomes of these novel stories. This provides initial evidence for the progressive acquisition of story-relevant schemas, increasingly constraining people’s predictions across development. Together, these two chapters point to the existence of story schemas in the mind—scaffolding memory and guiding prediction as people engage with stories
Location Effects or Sorting? Evidence from Firm Relocation
No full textWhy are wages in cities like New York or Paris higher than in others? This paper uses firm mobility to separate the role of “location effects” (e.g., local geography, infrastructure, and agglomeration) from the spatial sorting of workers and firms. Using French administrative records and U.S. commercial data, we first document that firm mobility is widespread: 4% of establishments relocate annually. Establishments retain their main activity and structure as they move, but adjust their workforce and wages. Combining firm and worker mobility, we then decompose wage disparities across French commuting zones. We find that spatial wage differences are largely driven by the sorting and co-location of workers and firms: location effects account for only 2–5% of disparities, while differences in the composition of workers and establishments account for around 30% and 15%, respectively. The remaining half is accounted for by the co-location of high-wage workers and firms, especially in cities with high location effects. Revisiting the elasticity of local wages to population density, we find a significant coefficient of 0.007—two to three
times lower than estimates not controlling for firm composition