Publikationer från Linköpings universitet
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Erfarenheter och goda råd kring : Organisationsdoktorander vid Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, Linköpings Universitet
No full textExploring Novel Treatments for Wounds
No full textWound healing is a complex and dynamic process involving the interplay of various cellular and molecular mechanisms aimed at restoring skin integrity and function. Burns, a common type of acute wound, represent a significant challenge due to their high morbidity. Effective burn wound management requires advanced therapeutic strategies that create a favorable environment for healing through wound care, the use of advanced wound dressings, and surgical interventions including skin transplantation. There has been growing interest in novel approaches, such as biomaterials and cell-based therapies, which offer promising solutions for improving wound healing outcomes. This thesis explores innovative treatments designed to enhance wound healing, focusing on creating an optimal wound environment through assisted debridement and the use of biomaterials for dressings, dermal substitutes, and scaffolds for autologous cells. In paper I, the potential of porous gelatin microcarriers (PGM) as a scaffold for delivering autologous keratinocytes and fibroblasts to wounds was investigated. In vitro experiments demonstrated that PGM supports cell attachment and proliferation, with an optimal transplantation time identified within 24 to 96 hours. Using a porcine model, wounds treated with cell-seeded PGM exhibited improved re-epithelialization compared to single-cell suspensions and untreated controls. Histological analysis revealed that the PGM were degraded within four weeks and supported the formation of a mature neo-epidermis, demonstrating its potential as an efficient and time-saving alternative to traditional cultured epidermal autografts. The study presented in paper II assessed the efficacy of amino acid-buffered hypochlorite (AABH) as a debridement agent in an infected porcine burn model. AABH, in combination with mechanical debridement, was compared to mechanical debridement alone and untreated controls. AABH significantly improved the removal of necrotic tissue, reduced bacterial load, and promoted wound healing. These findings suggest that AABH could serve as an effective and accessible tool for wound debridement, particularly in settings where specialized surgical expertise is limited. In paper III, a randomized clinical trial compared a bacterial cellulose (BC) dressing to a porcine xenograft (PX) dressing for treating partial-thickness burns. Wounds treated with the BC dressing demonstrated healing times comparable to those of the PX dressing. Additionally, there were no significant differences in infection rates, pain, impact on everyday life, length of hospital stay, dressing costs, need for surgical interventions, or scar assessment when comparing the two dressings. In conclusion, BC demonstrated equivalent effectiveness to PX, making it an alternative for burn wound management. Furthermore, a significant advantage of BC is that it is not animal-derived, addressing ethical and cultural concerns. The study presented in paper IV explored the use of recombinant spider silk modified with bioactive fibronectin motifs (FN-silk) as a dermal substitute. Using a porcine full-thickness wound model, FN-silk was compared to the collagen-based matrix MatriDerm®. FN-silk demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, and the material was gradually degraded in vivo. Wounds treated with FN-silk displayed significantly enhanced re-epithelialization and higher elasticity compared to those treated with MatriDerm® or untreated controls. These results highlight FN-silk's potential as a next-generation biomaterial for promoting epidermal healing and dermal regeneration
Valuing Waste or Wasting Value : Tensions in Justifications of Worth in Circular Innovation Ecosystem Around Waste Valorization
No full textThis article explores how diverse actors establish and justify the value of waste in the early stages of circular innovation ecosystems around waste valorization. Using the ?economies of worth? framework and through a longitudinal study of a French circular ecosystem around valorizing human excreta, we identify three phases of ecosystem emergence: ideation, experimentation, and reconfiguration. In these phases, the tensions stemming from mobilizing multiple orders of worth initially fostered collaboration but later led to conflicts that fragmented the ecosystem and led to new alignments. Our findings contribute to the understanding and management of tensions in circular innovation ecosystems and the social and moral dimensions of waste valorization. We also extend the economies of worth literature by highlighting the dynamics of conflicting orders of worth in ecosystem emergence
Fröken, får jag använda...? : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om förskollärares resonemang kring barns möjligheter att använda material i ateljén utifrån ålder
No full textSyftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om hur förskollärare resonerar kring synen påateljén i förskolan och de pedagogiska överväganden som görs i utformningen av ateljén.Datan har samlats in genom kvalitativa intervjuer med fem verksamma förskollärare ochsedan analyserats genom en tematisk analysmetod. Resultatet har tolkats utifrån densociokulturella teorin och den barndomssociologiska teorin, samt utifrån centrala begrepp ochtidigare forskning. Studiens resultat visar att resonemangen kring ateljén och tillgänglighetenav material skiljer sig på förskolorna där våra förskollärare arbetar. Enligt förskollärarnabegränsas vissa typer av material för barnen utifrån förskollärares syn på material somstökiga material, farliga material, och begränsade material. Utifrån förskollärarnasresonemang ser vi att barngruppens ålder påverkar vilka material som finns tillgängliga, menatt det skiljer sig beroende på förskollärarens bekvämlighet i ateljén.
Flexible RML-Based Mapping of Property Graphs to RDF
No full textRDF graphs and (Labeled) Property Graphs (PGs) have emerged as data models for representing graph databases. Given the differences between the two models, ensuring interoperability between them has become essential, to leverage the strengths of both models. Various approaches have been proposed to map PGs to RDF graphs. However, these approaches differ in terms of structure, representation, size of the generated RDF graph, and degree of configuration provided to the user, making direct comparisons challenging. While declarative methods prevailed to construct RDF graphs from other data formats, the mapping languages proposed for such transformations have not been considered so far for mapping PGs to RDF graphs. In this work, we provide a representation of PG-to-RDF approaches through templates described using RML, a mapping language to construct RDF graphs from heterogeneous data. We show that all considered PG-to-RDF approaches can be represented in RML and, by having a uniform representation of them, we can compare them showcasing their differences. Finally, we show that not only can RML be used to capture PG-to-RDF mappings, but it actually offers more expressive power than the considered PG-to-RDF approaches
Letter from the Guest Editors
No full textThis special issue consists of four articles and one position paper. Each contribution highlights, in various ways, aspects central to the theme of this special issue: Perspectives on Children and Childhood in School-age Educare/Perspektiv på barn och barndom i fritidshem. Utilizing qualitative methods aimed at understanding and exploring children’s perspectives and everyday lives, the contributions delve into topics such as fostering, teaching, and care in Swedish School-age Educare centers (fritidshem). The issue also includes a broader Nordic perspective through a study on freedom in Danish SFO (skolefritidsordning)
Monitoring the Dynamic Networks of Stock Returns with an Application to the Swedish Stock Market
No full textIn this paper, two approaches for measuring the distance between stock returns and the network connectedness are presented that are based on the Pearson correlation coefficient dissimilarity and the generalized variance decomposition dissimilarity. Using these two procedures, the center of the network is determined. Also, hierarchical clustering methods are used to divide the dense networks into sparse trees, which provide us with information about how the companies of a financial market are related to each other. We implement the derived theoretical results to study the dynamic connectedness between the companies in the Swedish capital market by considering 28 companies included in the determination of the market index OMX30. The network structure of the market is constructed using different methods to determine the distance between the companies. We use hierarchical clustering methods to find the relation among the companies in each window. Next, we obtain a one-dimensional time series of the distances between the clustering trees that reflect the changes in the relationship between the companies in the market over time. The method from statistical process control, namely the Shewhart control chart, is applied to those time series to detect abnormal changes in the financial market.Funding Agencies|Örebro University</p
Alfentanil for Pain Relief in a Swedish Emergency Medical Service - An Eleven-Year Follow-up on Safety and Effect
No full textObjectivesPain is a common symptom in prehospital emergency care and pain treatment in this context can be challenging. While previous research has assessed the use of morphine and other synthetic opioids for pain management in this setting, the evaluation of alfentanil is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and effect of intravenous alfentanil when administered by ambulance nurses in prehospital emergency care.MethodsThis retrospective observational study consecutively included patients suffering from pain, treated with alfentanil in a Swedish EMS service from September 2011 to 31 September 2022. Data regarding occurrence of adverse events (AE), serious adverse events (SAE) - were used for safety evaluation and pain scores with a visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after treatment were used for evaluation of pain treatment. These data were extracted from the electronic patients' medical records database for analysis. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors of AE following injection of alfentanil by nurses in prehospital emergency care.ResultsDuring the evaluation period 17,796 patients received pain relief with alfentanil. Adverse events affected 2.5% of the patients, while serious adverse events were identified in 25 cases (0.01%). Out of the 5970 patients with a complete VAS score for pain, the median VAS score was 8 (IQR 3) before treatment and 4 (IQR 3) after treatment. The mean reduction in pain measured by VAS was -4.1 +/- 2.6 from the time before, to the evaluation after alfentanil administration. The administration frequency increased during the first year up to a steady level during the later part of the evaluation period.ConclusionsThis study proposes that alfentanil represents a safe and efficacious alternative for addressing urgent pain relief within the prehospital emergency context. Alfentanil demonstrates efficacy in alleviating pain across various conditions, with a relatively low risk of adverse events or serious adverse events when administered cautiously.Funding Agencies|Jonkoping University, School of Health</p
Report Fee and Additional Tax : An Analysis of the Report Fee in Relation to the OECD Model Rules and the Minimum Tax Directive, and its Delimitation from Tax Offenses
No full textThis thesis examines Sweden’s implementation of sanction provisions in cases of violations of the Supplementary Tax Act, with a particular focus on the reporting fee. Supplementary tax aims to ensure that multinational companies pay a minimum level of taxation regardless of where they operate. Sweden has implemented the supplementary tax provisions in accordance with the OECD model rules and the EU Minimum Tax Directive. To ensure accurate reporting and payment of the tax, various sanctions have been introduced, including the reporting fee, late submission penalties, and tax surcharges. A particular focus is placed on the reporting fee and its function as an administrative sanction. The thesis discusses whether the reporting fee is proportionally and effectively designed in accordance with the directive’s requirements and whether its placement within the Swedish Tax Procedures Act (SFL) is the most appropriate solution. One of the central questions examined is whether the reporting fee should have been regulated in the Supplementary Tax Act (TSL) instead of the Swedish Tax Procedures Act, to create a more tailored and legally secure regulation. Furthermore, the relationship between the reporting fee and tax offenses is analyzed, as well as how its design may affect the distinction between administrative sanctions and criminal penalties. The thesis also highlights the risk of double punishment and how the ne bis in idem principle could be impacted if the reporting fee were classified as a criminal sanction. In conclusion, the reporting fee plays a crucial role in the Swedish tax system by ensuring compliance with supplementary tax regulations. However, there remain challenges in its application, particularly regarding how the subjective assessment of the fee’s amount will function in practice. Additionally, questions arise concerning the extent to which the objectives of the Minimum Tax Directive’s sanction provisions will be fulfilled in legal practice, given that the legislator has chosen to incorporate the reporting fee into an existing regulatory framework, thereby limiting the possibility for a more tailored regulation of the supplementary tax's specific characteristics. Nevertheless, clearer guidance from legal practice could contribute to a more legally secure, predictable, and effective regulation of the reporting fee in the future
Using a Heavy Inert Diffusion Additive for Superconformal Atomic Layer Deposition
No full textThe shrinking of device nodes increases the demand for deposition processes to seamlessly fill nanometer-scale features. Despite the precision of atomic layer deposition (ALD), it cannot deposit in a V-shaped fashion, which is characteristic of superconformal thin-film deposition. We propose a strategy for superconformal ALD by adding a heavy inert gas as a diffusion additive. We show that the step coverage in an 18:1 aspect ratio feature increased from 1 to 1.6 with the addition of Kr in an ALD process for AlN from Al(CH3)3 and NH3. We speculate that the heavier Kr (84 amu) promotes diffusion of the lighter NH3 (17 amu) down the trenches. Consequently, NH3 molecules are pushed to the trench bottom, resulting in a lower growth per cycle at the trench openings. Further studies are needed to understand the effect of Kr, but we foresee that this approach to superconformal ALD is applicable to many ALD processes.Funding Agencies|Linkpings Universitet [2018-05499]; Swedish Research Council (VR) [2009-00971]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at Linkoping University</p