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Defect Engineering of Mo2-x CT z MXenes through Precursor Alloying and Effects on Electrochemical Properties
No full textDefect engineering in the form of the intentional creation of defects has been shown to enhance the properties of two-dimensional materials in various applications. Herein, we systematically explore a simple and reproducible method for introducing random vacancies and pores in Mo-based MXenes by combining first-principles calculations and experiments. The process is based on alloying Mo2Ga2C with Cr, which is an element that, together with Ga, is selectively etched in hydrofluoric acid, resulting in vacancies and vacancy clusters in the MXene sheets. The limit of Cr incorporation on the metal site was found to be approximately 60 atom % in the precursor powder Mo2-x Cr x C. Lower concentrations, up to 25 atom %, were used in the subsequent synthesis of Mo2-x Cr x Ga2C, since an increasing Cr content promoted the formation of another MAX phase (Mo2-x Cr x GaC). A Mo1.87CT z MXene derived from Mo1.87Cr0.13Ga2C (6.5 atom % Cr) exhibited excellent electrochemical behavior, reaching a volumetric capacitance of 1117 Fcm-3 at 2 mVs-1 scan rate, and suggested that defect concentration can be used to tune the rate capability. Overall, we have demonstrated that using Cr as a sacrificial element in the MAX phase is a simple and effective strategy for the defect engineering of MXenes. Moreover, this method can likely be extended to include other sacrificial elements and MAX phases, making MXene defect engineering a viable pathway for property enhancement across various applications, including energy storage and catalysis.Funding Agencies|H2020 European Research Council [KAW 2020.0033]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg (KAW) Foundation for Project [101087713]; European Union (ERC) [2009-00971]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at Linkoping University; KAW Foundation [2022-06725]; Swedish Research Council</p
Surveillance of avian influenza through bird guano in remote regions of the global south to uncover transmission dynamics
No full textAvian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose a growing global health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where limited surveillance capacity and under-resourced healthcare systems hinder timely detection and response. Migratory birds play a significant role in the transboundary spread of AIVs, yet data from key regions along migratory flyways remain sparse. To address these surveillance gaps, we conducted a study between December 2021 and February 2023 using fresh bird guano collected across 10 countries in the Global South. Here, we show that remote, uninhabited regions in previously unsampled areas harbor a high diversity of AIV strains, with H5N1 emerging as the most prevalent. Some of these H5N1 samples also carry mutations that may make them less responsive to the antiviral drug oseltamivir. Our findings documented the presence of AIVs in several underrepresented regions and highlighted critical transmission hotspots where viral evolution may be accelerating. These results underscore the urgent need for geographically targeted surveillance to detect emerging variants, inform public health interventions, and reduce the risk of zoonotic spillover.Funding Agencies|Balvi Filantropic Fund; Barry Satz and Ronald Satz Memorial Fund (BK24); Addison Tallman Memorial Fund for LGBTQIA+ Health Research (AT20); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI) [JP24KF0177]; Centre of Excellence in Mathematics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Medical Biotechnology (CEMB); Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics (ThEP); [B116]</p
The French crisis: Rethinking the phenomenology of quantum mechanics
No full textIn his book, A Phenomenological Approach to Quantum Mechanics: Cutting the Chain of Correlations, Steven French argues that quantum mechanics, understood through the phenomenological lens of London and Bauer, turns physics into a “genuine science”, and thus completes the project Edmund Husserl had started in his last major publication, The Crisis of European Sciences. What makes quantum mechanics a genuine science, according to French, is that it is fully grounded in the “lifeworld and transcendental subjectivity”, just as Husserl dreamt. While we agree with French that London and Bauer’s reading of quantum mechanics is inspired by and thus makes a step towards Husserl’s phenomenology, we argue that a more encompassing phenomenological investigation is still needed if we are to avoid another crisis. More specifically, our claim is that French underestimates the “constitutional history” of the kinds of mathematical idealities that underlie quantum mechanics.Previous article in issueFunding Agencies|Marcus Early Career Research Award; John Templeton Foundation, United States [62424]</p
Stairway to heaven via the highway to hell: a qualitative study on patients' experience of knee joint replacement surgery
No full textBackgroundKnee replacement (KR) is the most common osteoarthritis (OA) related surgery. Studies suggest that there are major international and national disparities in pre-operative information, support and access to rehabilitation which have a substantial impact on patients' perceived outcomes of the KR. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore experiences and perceptions of the care pathway in patients who have undergone KR and subsequent rehabilitation in Sweden.MethodsFour focus group discussions were performed including in total 25 patients (16 women), median age 67.5 (range) (46-81 years), 1 to 15 months after KR. The discussion recordings were transcribed verbatim and were analysed qualitatively using content analysis with an inductive approach.ResultsThe analysis resulted in four categories: (1) The crooked road towards surgery, (2) Needing support throughout the whole journey, (3) Feelings of psychological distress and (4) A balancing act towards a new life. A lack of pre-operative information regarding expected pain, need of support and mental well-being were described. Although the journey was sometimes tough, patients' expectations were, however, often fulfilled and they were in general satisfied with the decision to undergo surgery.ConclusionsSome of the challenges identified in this study may be alleviated by sufficient pre-operative information covering realistic expectations on surgery outcomes and mental aspects as well as emphatic and holistic support by healthcare providers. The result of this study will aid in the development and implementation of a national clinical practice guideline to ensure patient-centered care throughout the KR care pathway.Funding Agencies|Lund University</p
Edge-cloud cooperation driven surface roughness classification method for selective laser melting
No full textAdditive manufacturing (AM) technology is extensively utilized in aerospace and industrial manufacturing. However, parts built using AM are susceptible to spheroidization, porosity, cracks, and poor surface quality, making it difficult to establish an actionable product quality degree. Hence, developing a reasonable method to equate product quality with a new degree and further analyzing the product quality based on these standards has proven effective for enhancing part quality in AM. To achieve this goal, this paper proposes a surface roughness classification method that utilizes surface roughness analysis and sample enhancement. This method leverages edge cloud cooperation to efficiently analyze and integrate data from different sensors, enabling real-time monitoring and adjustment of the manufacturing process. Subsequently, the quality degree analysis system was developed utilizing matter-element extension cloud model. Furthermore, a bidirectional-gated recurrent unit (Bi-GRU) based model for quality classification and recognition has been established, with Wasserstein generative adversarial network (WGAN) employed for sample enhancement to address the issue of imbalanced column classification and to enhance the accuracy of both classification and recognition. Finally, the results obtained from this case study demonstrate through comparative experiments that the proposed method for classifying surface roughness can accurately identify 98% of prepared samples.Funding Agencies|National Natural Science Foundation of China [52305508]; National Bureau Statistics of China [2023LD001]; Technology Innovation Guidance Special Fund of Shaanxi Province [2024QY-SZX-17]</p
Comorbid psoriasis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cohort study from a tertiary referral centre and the National Patient Register in Sweden
No full textObjectives To investigate the prevalence of psoriasis in SLE using a Swedish regional cohort and a nationwide cohort from the National Patient Register (NPR). Furthermore, we compared clinical features between patients with and without comorbid psoriasis. Methods In total, 351 patients diagnosed with SLE based on the 1982 American College of Rheumatology and/or the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics criteria from Link & ouml;ping University Hospital were evaluated. We obtained patient-reported and relevant clinical data extracted in 2024. Individuals with coexisting psoriasis were identified via the International Classification of Diseases code L40 and subsequent confirmation through chart review in the regional cohort. In the NPR, 7490 subjects with SLE living in Sweden in 2022 were identified, as well as therapies obtained from the Prescribed Drug Register. Results We identified 12 subjects with SLE and coexisting psoriasis (3.4%) in the regional cohort and 367 patients (4.9%) in the nationwide cohort. Men were proportionally more common in the group with comorbid psoriasis in both cohorts. Patients with psoriasis reported more pain on a visual analogue scale (median 45.5/100 mm, IQR 23.3-58.3) compared with those without coexisting psoriasis (median 27.0/100 mm, IQR 7.0-50.5, p&lt;0.04). We observed no differences in damage accrual or clinical phenotypes between the two groups. Subjects with psoriasis were more frequently prescribed methotrexate in the nationwide cohort. Conclusion The prevalence of coexisting psoriasis in patients with SLE in Sweden was estimated to be 3.4-4.9%. Individuals with comorbid psoriasis reported more pain and were more likely to be prescribed methotrexate than those without psoriasis.Funding Agencies|Swedish Rheumatism Association [R- 995882, R- 993724]; King Gustaf V's 80- year Foundation [FAI-2020-0741, FAI- 2022- 0877]; Swedish Society of Medicine [SLS- 974449]; Nyckelfonden [OLL- 1000881]; Professor Nanna Svartz Foundation [2021-00436]; Ulla and Roland Gustafsson Foundation [2021- 26, 2023-36]; Region Stockholm [FoUI- 955483, FoUI- 977096]; Karolinska Institutet [FoUI- 964139]; Swedish Research Council for Medicine and Health [2023-02256]; Region Ostergotl and ALF [ROE-981263]; King Gustaf V and Queen Victoria's Freemasons Foundation</p
Device-measured physical activity and adiposity in schoolchildren: a 30-week follow-up study
No full textIntroduction Physical inactivity is a key risk factor for childhood obesity, but there is a lack of evidence based on long-term assessments examining daily step patterns and their association with adiposity parameters. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to examine the device-measured physical activity patterns during the complete week, weekdays, and weekends over 30 weeks in schoolchildren, and to assess the association of physical activity patterns and adherence to daily steps recommendations with adiposity parameters (body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), and waist circumference). Methods We conducted a follow-up study involving 338 children (55% girls, mean age 11.0 years) from six public primary schools in Cuenca, Spain. Daily steps were measured using the Xiaomi Mi Band 3 Smartwatch over 30 weeks. BMI, BF%, and waist circumference were assessed in the final week of follow-up. Analysis of covariance models and restricted cubic splines examined the dose-response relationship between daily steps (complete week, weekdays, and weekends) and adiposity parameters. Multivariate mixed-effect linear analyses examined the associations of 1000 steps/day increment and adiposity parameters. Results Children averaged 861 more steps/day on weekdays compared to weekends. We observed an inverse association between daily steps and adiposity parameters, particularly in those who achieved more than 12,000 steps/day and met the daily step recommendations &gt; 40% of the days (p &lt; 0.05), although this was only found in boys. An increase of 1000 steps/day on weekdays was associated with reductions in BMI, BF%, and waist circumference (unstandardised beta coefficients were - 0.17, - 0.36, and - 0.59, respectively; p &lt; 0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed that longer monitoring periods provided stronger associations between physical activity and adiposity parameters. Conclusions Higher levels of daily steps, especially on weekdays, were associated with lower adiposity in childhood.Funding Agencies|Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha</p
Rab7 inhibitor enhances stem cell differentiation into keratinocyte-like cells with anti-inflammatory properties
No full textManagement of difficult-to-heal skin wounds presents a significant clinical challenge, particularly when associated with inflammatory skin disorders. The differentiation of stem cells into keratinocyte-like cells has been explored as a potential regenerative therapy. Ras-related protein (Rab) 7, a key regulator of membrane trafficking, influences the activity of several growth factors. In this study, the competitive Rab7 inhibitor, CID-1067700, was investigated for the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cell into keratinocyte-like cells. This treatment upregulated several epidermal markers, including P63, cytokeratin 5 and 14 and filaggrin, while downregulated the stem cell marker, vimentin. Microarray data showed upregulation of the anti-inflammatory gene HMOX-1, coupled with the downregulation of various inflammation-related pathways, such as TNF, chemokine, AGE-RAGE and IL-17 signalling cascades, as well as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways. Gene set enrichment analysis predicted Ehmt2, an epigenetic regulator, to be the top activated upstream regulator, enhancing the transcriptional activity. Protein array analysis showed reduced secretion of several inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1 alpha, IL-8, IL-17A, and IL-32, while enhancing the secretion of the epidermal growth factor. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that CID-1067700, as an additive to the differentiation media, not only enhances stem cell differentiation into keratinocyte-like cells, but also improves their anti-inflammatory properties. These combined regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties may offer significant therapeutic potential for patients with chronic skin wounds, particularly those with underlying inflammatory conditions.Funding Agencies|Hand and Plastic Surgery Department, Linkoping University Hospital, Region Ostergotland, Sweden; Centre for Advanced Medical Product, Sweden</p
Head and neck and skin (HNS) GEC-ESTRO and BRAPHYQS working groups joint critical review of the use of Rhenium-188 in dermato-oncology
No full textNon-melanoma skin cancers are increasing globally, prompting the need for innovative, non-invasive treatment approaches. Radioactive rhenium (188Re) paste has emerged as an open-source radiation-based modality in dermato-oncology, offering a novel alternative to conventional radiotherapy and brachytherapy. In this review, a systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published over the past 20 years. Data were extracted from case series, pilot studies, and clinical trials, with particular emphasis on response rates, dosimetric parameters, and treatment-associated toxicity. Findings from approximately 240 patients demonstrated complete response rates ranging from 86 % to 100 % after one or two treatment applications, while dosimetric analyses revealed a rapid dose fall-off that effectively confines the therapeutic effect to a tissue depth of 2-3 mm, with most adverse effects being mild and transient. Notably, 188Re differs from conventional brachytherapy (specifically high-dose-rate modality) due to its open-source application and unique dosimetric profile. The use of 188Re in clinical practice mandates a highly specialized, multidisciplinary team, including radiation oncologists, nuclear medicine specialists, and experienced medical physicists, and strict quality assurance protocols, thereby limiting its application to carefully selected cases. Although 188Re therapy offers a promising alternative for the treatment of superficial skin cancers, its distinct clinical and dosimetric characteristics warrant further randomized studies with extended follow-up to validate its efficacy and refine patient selection criteria under rigorous multidisciplinary oversight.Funding Agencies|Conselleria de Educacion, Universidades y Empleo [CIPROM/2021/64]; MCIN/AEI [PID2021-125096NB-I00]; The "ERDF A way of making Europe" by the "European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR"</p
Longitudinal analysis of genetic and environmental interplay in human metabolic profiles and the implication for metabolic health
No full textBackgroundUnderstanding how genetics and environmental factors shape human metabolic profiles is crucial for advancing metabolic health. Variability in metabolic profiles, influenced by genetic makeup, lifestyle, and environmental exposures, plays a critical role in disease susceptibility and progression.MethodsWe conducted a two-year longitudinal study involving 101 clinically healthy individuals aged 50 to 65, integrating genomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, proteomics, clinical measurements, and lifestyle questionnaire data from repeat sampling. We evaluated the influence of both external and internal factors, including genetic predispositions, lifestyle factors, and physiological conditions, on individual metabolic profiles. Additionally, we developed an integrative metabolite-protein network to analyze protein-metabolite associations under both genetic and environmental regulations.ResultsOur findings highlighted the significant role of genetics in determining metabolic variability, identifying 22 plasma metabolites as genetically predetermined. Environmental factors such as seasonal variation, weight management, smoking, and stress also significantly influenced metabolite levels. The integrative metabolite-protein network comprised 5,649 significant protein-metabolite pairs and identified 87 causal metabolite-protein associations under genetic regulation, validated by showing a high replication rate in an independent cohort. This network revealed stable and unique protein-metabolite profiles for each individual, emphasizing metabolic individuality. Notably, our results demonstrated the importance of plasma proteins in capturing individualized metabolic variabilities. Key proteins related to individual metabolic profiles were identified and validated in the UK Biobank, showing great potential for metabolic risk assessment.ConclusionsOur study provides longitudinal insights into how genetic and environmental factors shape human metabolic profiles, revealing unique and stable individual metabolic profiles. Plasma proteins emerged as key indicators for capturing the variability in human metabolism and assessing metabolic risks. These findings offer valuable tools for personalized medicine and the development of diagnostics for metabolic diseases.Funding Agencies|Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse [sens2018115]; SNIC through the Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science (UPPMAX) [sens2023031, NAISS 2024/5-37, Berzelius-2024-200, 99914]</p