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Synergistic Effect of Bio-Inspired Microenvironment Modulation and Catalytic Site Design Enhances the Oxygen Evolution Performance of Copper-Phenanthroline Catalysts
No full textCopper complexes inspired by O2-activating enzymes have been widely investigated as molecular water oxidation catalysts, capable of facile and reversible O & horbar;O bond formation and cleavage under mild conditions. In this study, two copper phenanthroline complexes, namely, Cu(phen) and Cu(dophen), exhibit high turnover frequencies (TOFs) of 74 +/- 13 and (5.66 +/- 0.29) x 103 s-1 for water oxidation, respectively. Moreover, amino acid-functionalized carbon dots (CDs) were used to support the adhesion of the [Cu] complexes onto the electrode, significantly enhancing the TOFs of (2.80 +/- 0.12) x 103 and (4.11 +/- 0.24) x 104 s-1, respectively, exceeding the activity of photosystem II in nature. Remarkably, the amino acid-functionalized CDs provide a secondary sphere that mimics the catalytic microenvironment of the copper centre, which promotes proton-coupled electron transfer and O & horbar;O bond formation. Finally, the photovoltaic-electrolysis (PVE) system was established using CDs-supported Cu catalysts and commercial silicon solar panels, achieving a high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 11.59% under the illumination of AM 1.5 G. This represents the most efficient solar-driven water splitting system based on copper-based catalysts to date, introducing the biomimetic secondary sphere to a "proton-rocking" process for water oxidation catalysis and application of the PVE system.Funding Agencies|This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52273187), National Key RD Program of China (2021YFA1500800), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2022A1515110372, 2023A1515011306, 2023A1515240077), and [52273187]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [2021YFA1500800]; National Key R&D Program of China [2022A1515110372, 2023A1515011306, 2023A1515240077]; Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation [2023B1212120011]; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province</p
Barriers and solutions for the European prescribing exam: a qualitative world café study
No full textPurposeTo harmonize and modernize clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education across Europe, we developed the European Prescribing Exam. Before its introduction into medical degree programs, it is crucial to understand the potential barriers to its implementation and ways to overcome them. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify barriers and potential solutions to the implementation of the European Prescribing Exam.MethodsThis qualitative World Caf & eacute; (WC) study involved CPT teachers who participated in a 2-day event focused on the European Prescribing Exam. There were five tables in the WC, each dedicated to a different topic of implementation: (1) organization, (2) technical aspects, (3) content, (4) rollout logistics, and (5) politics. Participants rotated randomly between the tables every 20 min. During each round, they were encouraged to identify barriers and solutions, which were then discussed. The rounds continued until data saturation was reached. Findings were summarized at the end of the WC. We used inductive thematic analysis using a semantic approach to analyze the data.ResultsIn total, 26 CPT teachers (female: n = 14) from 19 medical schools in 15 European countries participated. After four rounds, 86 potential barriers and 86 solutions were identified. Most barriers were related to the topics "Content" (n = 22), "Organization" (n = 20), and "Technical aspects" (n = 18). Thematic analysis identified 11 themes, three of which were overarching, meaning they applied to multiple topics. The most significant themes included barriers related to curricula, motivation, information technology, and relevance.ConclusionThis study shows that organizing and implementing the European Prescribing Exam will be challenging. However, participants proposed potential solutions for nearly all barriers, which suggest that the implementation of the European Prescribing Exam is feasible.Funding Agencies|Erasmus + [2019-1-NL01-KA203-060492]</p
Microstructural Evolution Dominates the Changes in the Thermal Conductivity of Conjugated Polymers Upon Doping
No full textIn this study, the correlation between the changes in microstructure of conjugated polymers upon doping and their concomitant thermal transport properties is elucidated. Eight conjugated polymers across distinct doping systems are examined: molecular dopants, Lewis acid type dopants, and ion-exchange systems. These findings indicate that, upon doping, there is a decrease in out-of-plane thermal conductivity for five polymers characterized by high structural order, such as those based on thiophene, diketopyrrolopyrrole, and terthiophene-naphthalimide copolymers. Conversely, for polymers with less ordered structures, including regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and thiophene-based polymers with oligoether side chains, an increase in out-of-plane thermal conductivity is observed. To elucidate these trends, several hypotheses are examined: i) enhanced intrinsic thermal anisotropy originating from backbone orientation, ii) variations in the crystalline to amorphous fraction, and (iii) alloying effects resulting from dopant incorporation. Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering reveals that in-plane alignment exerts a direct influence on both in-plane and out-of-plane thermal conductivities. Photooxidation experiments provide further insights into the role of alloy scattering. Ultimately, the in-plane thermoelectric figure of merit is ascertained for two diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers, underscoring the critical importance of measuring thermal and electrical properties in the same orientation to ensure precise thermoelectric evaluation.Funding Agencies|European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme through the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant [955837]; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades; Catalan agency AGAUR; CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI); [PID2021-128924OB-I00]; [PID2020-119777GB-I00]; [PID2022-138908NB-C33]; [PDC2021-121814-I00]; [2021-SGR-00444]</p
Trait-mediated phenological shifts in moths under climate change: evidence for alternative response strategies
No full textIntroductionClimate warming has shifted the timing of many insect life-history events; yet, the links between these shifts, ambient temperature exposure, and species' traits remain unclear.Aims and methodsWe quantified seasonal and trait-mediated changes in moth phenology and temperature exposure by comparing nightly light trap data for 15,451 individuals representing 96 univoltine species collected in central Sweden in 1975 and 2019. Across the community, 35 species advanced their activity periods, while 23 delayed them. Spring species advanced consistently (median = - 5.2 days), while summer species showed heterogeneous responses. Autumn species either delayed activity into cooler intervals or advanced into warmer ones. Phenological advancement was greater in species overwintering as pupae than in those overwintering as eggs or larvae (Delta = 4.7 days) and in adult-feeding species relative to non-feeding species (Delta = 3.9 days). Advancement was also correlated with larger body size and lower intraspecific variation in colour patterns. Shifts in timing were closely mirrored by corresponding changes in median temperature exposure, indicating that phenological responses rather than plastic adjustments in activity temperature underpin most observed thermal shifts.DiscussionThe heterogeneous, trait-linked responses observed here counter the notion of uniform phenological advancement across taxa. The overwintering stage, adult feeding, body size, and colour pattern variability appear to mediate the capacity of species to track or avoid warming temperatures through phenological change.Implications for insect conservationIncorporating life-history traits into phenological assessments can identify species most at risk of climate-driven mismatches, thereby improving prioritisation in conservation planning.Funding Agencies|Swedish National Research Programme on Climate and Formas [2018-02846, 2021-02142]; Linkoping University</p
'Rescuing Europe' and 'balancing powers': : A postcolonial critique of European digital sovereignty
No full textIn the last decades, the term digital sovereignty, together with technological sovereignty and strategic autonomy, has become common vocabulary within the EU. While originating in discussions about global computation and the erosion of national sovereignty, the discourses underpinning the use of digital sovereignty resonate with earlier colonial notions of 'rescuing Europe' and the 'balance of powers' recurring throughout the history of European integration. The discussions about EU digital sovereignty and its infrastructuring remind us of the EU's colonial past by re-inserting so-called European values into the expansion of digital infrastructures in Europe and beyond. While the literature studying the emergence of European digital sovereignty showcases how the use of the term underlines and confirms a geopolitical turn within the EU, it has not yet discussed its historical colonial connections. This article demonstrates, first, that the sociotechnical imaginaries attached to the infrastructuring of the EU's digital sovereignty re-actualise an earlier nexus between the European integration project and colonial extractive infrastructures predating the creation of the EU. Second, with the case of the Global Gateway, this article shows how this nexus gains new life through the infrastructuring of digital sovereignty, again unfolding in the Global South.Funding Agencies|Forskningsradet om Halsa, Arbetsliv och Valfard [2021-01636]; Forte [2021-01636] Funding Source: Forte</p
Adaptation and validation of the Multidimensional Measure of Parasocial Relationships (MMPR) in Poland
No full textParasocial relationships, one-sided bonds with media figures, have grown with Internet/social media use and are linked to various well-being outcomes. For example, parasocial relationships on social media may foster connection and healthy behaviors while also prompting negative self-comparisons. The Multidimensional Measure of Parasocial Relationships (MMPR), developed by Garcia and colleagues (2022), assess parasocial engagement across affective, behavioral, cognitive, and decisional dimensions. While the MMPR has demonstrated robust psychometric properties in its original Swedish version, its cross-cultural applicability remains unexplored. To addresses this gap, we adapted and validated the MMPR in a Polish sample. A total of 371 Polish young adults (255 women, 116 men; age range 18-48 years) completed the survey. The adaptation process involved translation, back-translation, and review by expert judges. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the four-factor model. We also calculated Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega), four-week test-retest reliability, and examined convergent validity via correlations with theoretically related measures (i.e., early maladaptive schemas and emotional well-being). CFA supported the four-dimensional structure: chi 2/df = 2.74; RMSEA = .069 (90% CI = .060-.077); SRMR = .069; CFI = .855. Cronbach's alpha ranged between .59 (Behavioral dimension) and .75 (Decisional dimension) (.83 for the whole scale). Test-retest correlations were moderate to strong (r = .47-.81). Convergent validity revealed expected, but weak, associations (e.g., higher parasocial engagement was linked to lower abandonment schemas and lower negative emotions). Our findings support the MMPR as a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing parasocial relationships in a digital Polish context. Despite limitations such as the sample's demographic composition and modest internal consistency for the Behavioral subscale, the study contributes meaningful evidence for the scale's applicability beyond its original cultural setting. The results underscore the importance of culturally adapted tools to capture the complex interplay between media engagement and psychosocial functioning, particularly in an era of increasing online interaction. Future research should further refine the measure and explore its use across diverse populations and platforms.Funding Agencies|University of Gothenburg</p
Tagging Emissions from Indoor Biomass Combustion with a Cost-Effective Sensor Array: From Design to Field Deployment in Rural Indian Households
No full textIn this study, we introduce an innovative method for monitoring emissions from indoor biomass combustion, a prevalent practice in rural households in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Our approach utilizes a portable and cost-efficient sensor array with advanced data handling, employing commercially available sensors to measure CO2, CO, NO2, SO2, PMs, VOC, NOx, cookstove and ambient temperature, relative humidity, and pressure. We developed hardware and software to gather and process sensor data and control the temperature cycle using the BME688 sensors. The field deployments reveal that CO2 emission from a cooking event is similar to 2.3 +/- 1.5 kg CO2 per family. Extrapolating this data, the total emissions from biomass (e.g., fuelwood, crop residues, animal dung, and charcoal) for household cooking in rural areas of India are estimated to be around 0.6 +/- 0.4 teragrams (Tg) of CO2 per day. The integration of dual BME688 sensors, leveraging the standard Bosch Software Environmental Cluster library and temperature cycling, achieves an impressive 95% accuracy in fingerprinting emissions from different fuel types. This capability enables the creation of a comprehensive database, where each CO2 emission data point is meticulously linked to the original biomass source. This level of real-time detail, previously unattainable, greatly enhances our ability for emission quantification and offers broad applicability for mitigation efforts.Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council [2022-02991]; Swedish Research Council [2022-02991] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council</p
Addressing patients’ preoperative anxiety and worry and the non-pharmacological interventions the nurse anesthetist can use : – A systematic literature review with mixed methods: A synthesis of qualitative and quantitative research
No full textAbstrakt Bakgrund: Det förekommer ofta att patienter upplever oro eller ångest preoperativt och operationsmiljön kan upplevas skrämmande. Upplevelserna av oro eller ångest kan ge konsekvenser för patienten både pre-, peri- samt postoperativt. Anestesisjuksköterskan kan i sin yrkesroll hantera detta och på så sätt både förebygga och lindra detta. Denna studie vill ha fokus på vad som kan göras utan att blanda in den farmakologiska delen i behandlingen av detta. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva icke-farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder som anestesisjuksköterskan kan använda för att minska patienters upplevda preoperativa oro eller ångest. Metod: Studien är en systematisk litteraturöversikt med mixad metod och induktiv ansats. Artikelsökningar genomfördes i tre databaser. Inklusionskriterier var originalartiklar från 2015–2025, på engelska, vuxna patienter och etiskt granskade studier. Efter urvalet gjordes kvalitetsgranskning med JBI och datan analyserades enligt Braun och Clarkes modell. Etiska principer följdes genomgående. Resultat: Resultatet baseras på 21 vetenskapliga artiklar som resulterade i två teman: Orsaker och faktorer av preoperativ oro eller ångest samt Icke-farmakologiska interventioner. Slutsats: Patienterna behöver en förbättrad trygghet preoperativt, medan tidspress hos anestesisjuksköterskor försvårar personcentrerad vård med icke-farmakologiska interventioner. Nyckelord Patient, anestesisjuksköterska, preoperativ omvårdnad, oro, ångestAbstract Background: Patients frequently experience worry or anxiety preoperatively and the surgical environment can be frightening. Experiences of worry and anxiety can bring consequences for the patient both pre-, peri- and postoperatively. The nurse anesthetist can manage and prevent this. This study is focused on what can be done, without involving the pharmacology, in the treatment of the patient’s preoperative worry or anxiety. Aim: The purpose is to describe non-pharmacological nursing interventions that the nurse anesthetist can use to reduce patients perceived preoperative worry or anxiety. Method: This is a systematic literature review with mixed methods and an inductive approach. The searches for articles were conducted in three databases. Inclusion criterias was original articles published between 2015-2025, in English, involving adult patients and ethically approved studies. Quality appraisal using JBI tools. Data analyzed to Braun and Clarke’s model. Ethical principles consistently adhered throughout the study. Results: The result is based on 21 original articles and this resulted in two themes: Causes and factors of preoperative worry or anxiety and Non-pharmacological interventions. Conclusion: Patients need a sense of improved safety preoperatively, while the time pressure among nurse anesthetists makes person-centered care with non-pharmacological interventions difficult. Keywords Patient, nurse anesthetist, preoperative care, anxiety, worr
In-Situ Self-Encapsulated Tin-Halide Perovskites for Air-Functional Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes
No full textTin-halide perovskites are emerging as exceptional materials for near-infrared light-emitting diodes (NIR-LEDs). However, their extreme oxygen sensitivity remains a significant obstacle to practical applications. This work presents a facile yet effective strategy to overcome this limitation by designing self-encapsulated tin-halide perovskite films. Incorporating a rational molecule, 4,4 '-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, into precursors, it forms isolated tin-iodide perovskite particles that are encapsulated in situ, achieving outstanding air stability. The resulting films show high crystallinity, reduced trap density, and mitigated p-doping density, boosting radiative charge recombination to reach an impressive photoluminescence quantum yield approaching 50%. Leveraging these advancements, the resulting NIR-LEDs demonstrate a record-breaking peak external quantum efficiency of 12.4%, accompanied by a substantial improvement in operational lifetime. Notably, for the first time, we demonstrated a functional tin-iodide perovskite-based device in ambient air. This work provides a robust pathway for realizing high-performance and stable tin-halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices, addressing critical challenges for their widespread application.Funding Agencies|H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions [956270, 101105123]; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program MSCA-ITN [101082176]; HORIZON Grant VALHALLA [CSEAA_00011]; Italian Ministry of Environment and Energy Security</p
The plasma proteome reveals distinct signaling pathways associated with PR3-ANCA positive and MPO-ANCA positive vasculitis
No full textObjective Despite recent advances, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) remain incompletely understood, and comparative proteomic analyses of AAV subtypes are lacking. This study aimed to identify key molecular signaling pathways activated in AAV and to elucidate molecular distinctions between AAV with proteinase 3 ANCA (PR3-AAV) and AAV with myeloperoxidase ANCA (MPO-AAV).Methods Plasma samples from 41 cases with active PR3-AAV, 24 with active MPO-AAV and 138 population controls were analyzed for 185 proteins using proximity extension assay and Luminex. Differential expression was assessed between PR3-AAV, MPO-AAV and controls using univariate and partial least squares discriminant analyses. Protein-protein interactions and pathway enrichment were explored using STRING and Cytoscape databases.Results Compared with controls, 31 proteins were significantly upregulated in PR3-AAV and 29 in MPO-AAV; 18 were shared, whereas 13 and 11 were specific to PR3-AAV and MPO-AAV, respectively. Shared proteins were enriched in general immune pathways, including IL-6 signaling. AAV subgroup-specific proteins were combined with proteins differentiating between PR3-AAV and MPO-AAV in a direct comparison. MMP-1, MMP-9, HGF, and OSM were uniquely upregulated in PR3-AAV, while TNF, TNF-R1/R2, TNFRSF14, and TNFRSF9 were prominent in MPO-AAV. Functional enrichment analyses underscored STAT3 signaling in PR3-AAV and TNF signaling in MPO-AAV.Conclusions This study identifies distinct and shared signaling pathways in PR3-AAV and MPO-AAV, highlighting STAT3 and TNF pathways as potential subtype-specific mechanisms. These findings offer insight into AAV pathogenesis and may guide the development of more targeted, less toxic treatments tailored to AAV subtypes.Funding Agencies|Swedish Society for Medical Research; Swedish Society of Medicine; Swedish Rheumatism Association, King Gustav V's 80-year Foundation; Mac Rudberg Foundation; Swedish Kidney Foundation; Uppsala University Hospital</p