Publikationer från Linköpings universitet
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Understanding the Use of AI and Ethics Through the Lens of Embodiment : A Practice-Oriented Critique to the Existing AI Research in Healthcare Beyond Theoretical Perspectives
No full textMotivation: Healthcare is currently undergoing a great transformation as Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly integrated into diagnostic processes. Sweden, and its given AI readiness, offers a particularly suitable context for investigation. While AI is promising diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, it also challenges traditional forms of medical reasoning, raises ethical concerns, and introduces tensions between human expertise and algorithmic logic. Understanding how physicians experience and respond to AI in diagnostic contexts is crucial, both for responsible technology development and also for maintaining patient-centered, ethically grounded care in an evolving healthcare landscape. Purpose: This study aims to explore how AI influences clinical decision-making in healthcare diagnostics. A particular focus is directed towards embodied expertise and the ethics of care. It investigates how physicians rely on their intuition, sensory judgment, and relational understanding when navigating diagnostic tasks. The study also considers how these insights contribute to a broader understanding of the ongoing integration of AI into the healthcare system. Methodology: The research follows a qualitative, exploratory design using semi-structured interviews with nine practicing physicians in Sweden. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure a diversity of clinical backgrounds and experiences. A thematic coding table was used to identify recurring patterns and tensions in how physicians perceive, use, and relate to AI in diagnostic decision-making. The study is grounded in the theoretical frameworks of embodiment perspective and ethics of care. Results: The findings highlight the irreplaceable role of embodied expertise in healthcare diagnostics and emphasize physicians’ preference for human-AI collaboration over automation. While AI is valued for administrative support and specific clinical tasks, concerns remain around ethics, trust, and contextual sensitivity, particularly in complex decision-making
The Art of Persuading the Audience : Integrated Marketing Communications in the Swedish Entertainment Industry
No full textBACKGROUND: The entertainment industry is an unrepresented area of academic research. Due to its competitive field, marketing experience goods in an efficient manner is important, which is why an IMC strategy is beneficial. However, IMC can be considered vague because of its many conflicting definitions. As a result, this study will fill the research gap of using IMC in the context of the Swedish entertainment industry. PURPOSE AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS: The purpose of this study is to outline and gain knowledge about different approaches regarding integrated marketing communications (IMC) amongst companies in the Swedish entertainment industry. Questions: How does word of mouth affect companies who market experience goods in the Swedish entertainment industry? In what way and to which extent are companies in the Swedish Entertainment Industry using an IMC strategy in their marketing? And How can an IMC strategy support overall marketing results? METHOD: The study is qualitative with an abductive approach where the data has been collected through semi-structured interviews. Furthermore, the study has a constructivism ontological approach and an interpretivism epistemological approach. The data has been presented and analyzed with a thematic approach. CONCLUSION AND FINDINGS: In regard to an IMC strategy, advertising and PR were the most used tools, and the one voice dimension of IMC was the most prominent. In addition, the effect of negative word of mouth had a higher impact than positive. Several new findings have been identified, such as BrandCebo, target group integration, and testing marketing material through interactivity. Furthermore, quiet word of mouth, creating FOMO and utilizing mystery to market experience goods were new findings
Impact of Gen AI on Employees within High-Tech Organisations
No full textRelevance: Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have undergone substantial transformations driven by technological advancements, with Generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) innovation appearing as a vital tool to augment human capability. Despite the rapid adoption of these technologies, there is still limited research demonstrating their effects, particularly on employees at High-Tech organisations. Thus, connecting the gap between domain experience and theoretical frameworks is necessary to understand the Impact of Gen AI adoption. Purpose: The research aims to explore how Gen AI impacts employees within High-Tech organisations, focusing on how work processes, roles, tasks, and skills evolve. It also addresses the governance and ethical challenges associated with Gen AI adoption. The research aims to address the gap between theoretical understanding and practical adoption, extending the sociotechnical system theory and providing actionable insights. Method: The research approach is qualitative, exploratory, and abductive approach. Data was collected from 9 semi-structured interviews, 7 of which are from the case studie. Interviews were conducted through teams and Webex software, focusing on Gen AI's impact on employees' roles, tasks, and skills, and the adoption method, with their perspectives toward the adoption. The research focused on how employees should adapt Gen AI in organisations through the lens of STS theory. Result: the findings of this research indicate that employees within High-tech organisations often adopt Gen AI in an informal, bottom-up method, driven by employees voluntarily rather than formal structures. This method of adoption leads to inconsistency in knowledge disparities, while it supports creativity and innovation. Further, challenges arise within Gen AI ethical use and data privacy, underscoring the necessity of human collaboration and oversight to ensure reliability. Thereafter, organisations must promote open cultures to balance between innovation and transparent governance of Gen AI adoption
Hållbara investeringar och demografiska faktorer : En analys av omvärldshändelsers påverkan
No full textBakgrund: Nya livssituationer och förändrade konsumtionsmönstren i kombination med ökande investeringsintresse i hållbara tillgångar, skapar incitament att undersöka drivkrafterna bakom det hållbara investeringsbeteenden på nytt. Är de mest benägna hållbara investerarna fortfarande unga, högutbildade kvinnor eller beskrivs de av andra demografiska faktorer idag. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka och analysera vilka demografiska faktorer som kan förklara privatpersoners benägenhet att göra hållbara investeringar. Studien syftar även till att analysera omvärldshändelsers effekt på sambandet mellan demografiska faktorer och hållbara investeringar. Metod: Studien har tillämpat en kvantitativ metod med deduktiv ansats för att genom en enkätstudie undersöka förhållandet mellan demografiska faktorer och benägenheten att göra hållbara investeringar, samt hur detta samband påverkas av omvärldshändelser. Resultat: Studiens resultat visade att det enda genomgående signifikanta sambandet mellan demografiska faktorer och hållbara investeringar var kön. Faktorerna utbildning och bosättning förlorade sina signifikanta samband till hållbara investeringar när omvärldshändelser inkluderades i analysen. Slutsats: Studien bekräftar tidigare forskning där kvinnor fortsatt är mer benägna att göra hållbara investeringar än män. Det går även att med viss osäkerhet dra slutsatsen att faktorerna utbildning och bosättning har en viss betydelse för benägenheten att investera hållbart. Studien bidrar även med kunskap gällande att demografi lämnar utrymme för andra möjliga förklaringar till vad som påverkar sambandet till att göra hållbara investeringar, där omvärldshändelser exempelvis influerar denna benägenhet. Det är samtidigt inte uteslutet att samtliga demografiska faktorer kan förklara benägenheten att investera hållbart med hänsyn till snedvridningar i studiens urvalsgrupp.Background: New life circumstances and changes in consumption patterns, combined with increasing investment interest in sustainable assets, create incentives to re-examine the forces behind sustainable investment behavior. Are the sustainable investors still young, highly educated women or can they be defined by other demographic factors today. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate and analyze which demographic factors can explain individuals’ tendency to make sustainable investments. The study also aims to analyze the impact of global events on the relationship between demographic factors and sustainable investments. Methodology: The study applied a quantitative method with a deductive approach, using a survey to examine the relationship between demographic factors and the tendency to make sustainable investments, and how this relationship is affected by global events. Results: The study’s results showed that the only consistently significant relationship between demographic factors and sustainable investments was gender. Education and residence lost their significant relationship to sustainable investments when global events were included in the analysis. Conclusion: The study confirms previous research that women's tendency for sustainable investments is stronger than men's. There is also some evidence suggesting that education and residence have a certain influence. In addition, the study contributes with the knowledge that demographics leave room for other possible explanations for what influences the relation to sustainable investments. Factors like global events for instance affect the relationship between demographics and sustainable investments. Although it cannot be ruled out that all demographic factors may influence the tendency, considering potential biases in the study’s sample group
Poängspelet : En fallstudie om IKEA Family:s nya lojalitetsprogram.
No full textBakgrund: I en konkurrensutsatt marknad måste företag differentiera sig för att behålla sin relevans. Lojalitetsprogram har länge använts för att stärka kundrelationen, men deras framgång beror på branschens karaktär, företagets produktsortiment, samt valet av förmåner. Trots att många företag har blivit mer relationsfokuserade har konsumentbeteendet förändrats, bland annat som en följd av Covid-19-pandemin och den tekniska utvecklingen. Detta har gjort konsumenter mindre lojala och mer benägna att fatta köpbeslut baserat på pris och behov. Mot denna bakgrund är det relevant att analysera hur lojalitetsprogram kan bidra till ökad konkurrenskraft och stärka marknadspositionen. Syfte och forskningsfrågor: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka på vilka grunder IKEA har valt att integrera ett poängbaserat system i IKEA Family. Genom att analysera lojalitetsprogrammets bakomliggande motiv, utformning och överensstämmelse med verksamhetens strategi, belyser studien dess potentiella effekter på konkurrenskraft i relation till kundnöjdhet, lojalitet och lönsamhet. Studien syftar även till att generera insikter som kan användas för att vidareutveckla lojalitetsprogram inom detaljhandeln. För att besvara syftet har tre forskningsfrågor formulerats: På vilka grunder har IKEA Sverige valt att integrera ett poängsystem i lojalitetsprogrammet? Hur påverkar lojalitetsprogrammet företagets konkurrenskraft? Hur kan lojalitetsprogram utifrån identifierade insikter utveckla kundnöjdhet, lojalitet och lönsamhet? Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsansats med ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv och är utformad som en fallstudie. Datainsamlingen har skett genom 9 semistrukturerade intervjuer med personer som bidrar med olika perspektiv från sina roller inom verksamheten. Det insamlade materialet har analyserats med tematisk analys för att identifiera centrala teman och mönster. Slutsats och kunskapsbidrag: Studien visar att poängbaserade lojalitetsprogram är effektiva verktyg för att stärka kundrelationer genom att skapa incitament förBACKGROUND: Studies on the motivation of temporary employees exist, but are often limited to specific industries or theories, and the results vary to such an extent that clear patterns are difficult to identify. There is therefore a need for greater understanding of the factors that influence motivation. This study examines these factors with a focus on student employees in bank customer service. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate which work-related factors, based on Herzberg's two-factor theory and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), are perceived by temporarily employed student workers in customer service as positively or negatively influencing their work motivation. The study further aims to analyze how these factors affect the quality of motivation, in terms of autonomous versus controlled motivation according to SDT, in a context where employment is combined with ongoing university studies. Additionally, the study explores how managers can contribute to strengthening motivation within this group. METHOD: The study is based on qualitative, semi-structured interviews with nine student employees in the bank’s customer service and their supervisors. The material was analyzed within the study’s theoretical framework using deductive thematic analysis. CONCLUSION AND RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION: The study finds that temporary employees’ motivation is shaped by several factors, with varying effects across individuals. Relationships, belonging, and achievement are the most motivating. Motivation also increases when external factors are seen as meaningful and connected to psychological needs, especially when work relates to university studies. The supervisor’s role is central. Motivation can be strengthened through structural measures and initiatives that foster relationships. Respondents highlight the need for individual feedback, development opportunities, flexibility with remote work, and supportive leadership. This shows that leadership addressing psychological needs is crucial for motivating temporary employees
Theoretical Modeling of Spin Dynamics, Magnetic Phase Transitions, and Spin-Lattice Coupling
No full textAccurate simulation of magnetic materials using computational methods is essential for under-standing their fundamental behavior and enabling their use in technological applications. In this work, I use first-principles calculations to investigate systems with magnetic properties and to develop new methods for predicting the behavior of these materials. The systems studied are characterized by magnetic moments that are localized near the atomic sites. The paramagnetic state, at which these magnetic moments are disordered, and the magnetic order-disorder transition are of specific interest in this work. To better capture finite-temperature magnetic behavior, a machine learning (ML) model is developed to predict the magnitudes of the magnetic moments at finite temperatures. This enables the inclusion of longitudinal spin fluctuations in coupled spin-lattice dynamics simulations, which would otherwise be computationally prohibitive. The ML model is applied to Fe at both the magnetic transition temperature, 1043 K, and at a pressure and temperature comparable to the conditions of the Earth’s inner core. Evidently, the magnetic order-disorder transition temperature of ferromagnetic materials, known as the Curie temperature, is a fundamental property, since these materials lose their macroscopic magnetization above this point. Predicting this temperature is therefore crucial for the discovery and design of new magnetic materials. An approach is proposed which is based on the energy difference between magnetically ordered and disordered states, obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This method offers a balance between accuracy and computational efficiency, allowing its application to a wide variety of systems and making it suitable for high-throughput screening. The approach is fitted to and benchmarked against several known ferro- and ferrimagnetic materials and further evaluated on a particularly challenging class of systems: substitutionally disordered alloys. Finally, this approach enables a high-throughput exploration of Fe-, Mn-, and Co-containing systems to identify promising candidates for magnetic applications. In addition, the debated role of constraining fields in DFT calculations for constrained non-collinear magnetism is investigated. The study shows that these fields can be used to propagate the transverse dynamics of magnetic moments, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for their use in adiabatic spin dynamics simulations
Från teori till praktik : En litteraturstudie om de svårigheter som präglar genusmedveten undervisning
No full textDrag and drop, or drag and flop? : A study on how low-code-developers experience usability in ServiceNow
No full textI takt med att digitalisering ökar har även behovet av IT-kompetensen ökat. Bristen på utvecklare med spetskompetens har lett till framväxten av Low-code-plattformar. Dessa plattformar syftar till att utveckla digitala lösningar med low-code-logik som bygger på återanvändning av komponenter, grafiska gränssnitt och automatisering. Framväxten av low-code-plattformar har lett till en demokratisering inom utveckling, där användare utan avancerade tekniska kunskaper kan skapa mjukvarulösningar. Det finns tidigare forskning som belyser plattformarnas roll som affärslösning, samt vilka typer av användare som finns, men hur det faktisk upplevs i verkligheten saknas. Därför ämnar denna studie till att undersöka hur low-code-utvecklare upplever användbarheten i low-code-development-plattformar samt vad som påverkar deras upplevelser. Denna kvalitativa studie bygger på intervjuer som genomförts med åtta low-code-utvecklare, på fem olika företag, som alla arbetar i ServiceNow. Resultatet visar att användbarhet i ServiceNow upplevs som hög i flera avseenden, särskilt vad gäller systemets effektivitet, stöd för automatisering och tillgång till färdiga komponenter. Samtidigt lyfts utmaningar kopplade till systemets omfattning, behov av teknisk förståelse och begränsningar vid mer avancerade lösningar. Studien visar att upplevelsen av användbarhet påverkas av utvecklarens förväntningar och tekniska drivkrafter, snarare än enbart av systemets funktionalitet. Studien bidrar till nya insikter om hur användbarhet i ServiceNow upplevs i praktiken och visar att användbarhet är något som formas i samspel mellan plattformens möjligheter och utvecklarens roll.
An Innovative "Tooth-On-Chip" Microfluidic Device Emulating the Structure and Physiology of the Dental Pulp Tissue
No full textThe dental pulp is a highly vascularized and innervated connective tissue composed of various cell types, including fibroblasts, odontoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, neuronal, and endothelial cells. The interplay between these diverse cell populations is pivotal for dental pulp tissue homeostasis and regeneration after carious infections and traumatic tooth lesions. Despite the great clinical need, comprehensive in vitro models that accurately recapitulate the complexity of the dental pulp are still missing, hampering the development of novel, faster, and more effective therapies. In this study, an innovative "tooth-on-chip" microfluidic device is presented to emulate the composition and three-dimensional structure of the dental pulp tissue in vitro. Co-culture of human dental pulp stem cells, odontoblast-like cells, endothelial cells, and trigeminal neurones in this miniaturized system successfully reproduced the structural organization and physiology of the dental pulp. The microfluidic device integrated various compartments that allowed the generation of complex vascular and neuronal networks, the formation of stem cell perivascular niches, and the formation of an odontoblast/dentine interface. The "tooth-on-chip" device represents a conceptual leap in replicating dental pulp physiology in vitro, offering a state-of-the-art platform to study dental pulp physiology and pathology and serving as a benchmark to create more advanced tooth simulation systems.Funding Agencies|Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Frderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung</p
Distinguishing Short-Term Versus Long-Term Responses in Cover-Class Structured Community Dynamics: A Test With Grassland Drought Response
No full textClimate change is increasing the magnitude and frequency of precipitation extremes. Consequently, grassland community dynamics are destabilising and becoming harder to predict since models typically simulate long-term (asymptotic) behaviour, potentially neglecting short-term (transient) behaviour. Here, we use cover data from an experiment performed over 8 years to model short- and long-term responses of three functional groups (grasses, legumes, and non-leguminous forbs) to precipitation extremes. We use Integral Projection Models (IPMs) and pseudospectral theory to track transient grassland community dynamics driven by response lags and interannual shifts. We show that the cover-class structure and inter-cover-class interactions of functional groups make them transiently unstable but asymptotically stable, that is, disturbances are initially amplified before eventually dissipating. We also show that grasses dominate under irrigation, while legumes and forbs dominate under drought. We demonstrate that the pseudospectra of IPMs enable computationally and data-wise inexpensive assessment of whether transient dynamics drive community responses to disturbances.Funding Agencies|Natural Environment Research Council [NE/X013766/1]</p