Publikationer från Linköpings universitet
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Vulnerable older people’s views on proactive care planning: a qualitative interview study in primary care
No full textBackground: Patients in old age often have complex care needs owing to multimorbidity and polypharmacy. This qualitative study is part of a larger ongoing Swedish intervention trial Secure And Focused primary care for older pEople (SAFE), including shorter care agreements based on person- centred patient goals. Aim: To explore, in a primary care setting, the views of older and vulnerable patients on a more systematic, proactive approach to care planning, including establishing and documenting care agreements based on person- centred goals. Design & setting: Individual semi- structured interviews with patients (n = 25) aged >75 years from 12 intervention primary healthcare centres in two counties in Sweden. Method: Interviews were conducted between June and October 2023. They were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Latent qualitative content analysis was used. Results: The following three categories, with 10 sub- categories, were found: I would like to live in the present, so why plan ahead? Let me decide versus they know best; and Care agreements usually went unnoticed. The latent theme — The ambivalence of care planning in the fourth age — was created to give a deeper meaning to the content of the categories. Conclusion: This study emphasises that older, vulnerable persons have varying attitudes towards participation in proactive care planning. This ambivalence may originate from the individual’s desire to have their autonomy respected and express future care preferences on the one hand, and to avoid or postpone end- of- life conversations and care planning on the other hand. Patients also expressed a desire to be more actively involved in care planning. Although care agreements have the potential to increase patient involvement in proactive care planning, they often went unnoticed. The conversation itself was essential
Using Heterogeneous Computing for Astronomical Image Subtraction : Improving on X-BACH
No full textThis thesis investigates how heterogeneous computing techniques can be used to accelerate astronomical image subtraction. Earlier work such as BACH or it's follow-up project X-BACH only utilize the GPU which leads to performance limitations in some parts of the algorithm. A new version, EMX-BACH, combines OpenMP and OpenCL to utilize both the CPU and the GPU in parallel, addressing previous performance limitations in X-BACH. Benchmarks show that EMX-BACH achieves a relative speedup of 2 over X-BACH and 2 to 6 over the original HOTPANTS implementation, without compromising output accuracy. Some part of the algorithm show speedups of over 25 compared to X-BACH
Gut microbiota development across the lifespan: Disease links and health-promoting interventions
No full textThe gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in human life and undergoes dynamic changes throughout the human lifespan, from infancy to old age. During our life, the gut microbiota influences health and disease across life stages. This review summarizes the discussions and presentations from the symposium "Gut microbiota development from infancy to old age" held in collaboration with the Journal of Internal Medicine. In early infancy, microbial colonization is shaped by factors such as mode of delivery, antibiotic exposure, and milk-feeding practices, laying the foundation for subsequent increased microbial diversity and maturation. Throughout childhood and adolescence, microbial maturation continues, influencing immune development and metabolic health. In adulthood, the gut microbiota reaches a relatively stable state, influenced by genetics, diet, and lifestyle. Notably, disruptions in gut microbiota composition have been implicated in various inflammatory diseases-including inflammatory bowel disease, Type 1 diabetes, and allergies. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests a connection between gut dysbiosis and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the role of the gut microbiota in disease pathogenesis across life stages provides insights into potential therapeutic interventions. Probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary modifications, as well as fecal microbiota transplantation, are being explored as promising strategies to promote a healthy gut microbiota and mitigate disease risks. This review focuses on the gut microbiota's role in infancy, adulthood, and aging, addressing its development, stability, and alterations linked to health and disease across these critical life stages. It outlines future research directions aimed at optimizing the gut microbiota composition to improve health
A community-based participatory research approach to co-designing youth mental health service improvements: A case study from Southern England
No full textObjectives: Existing youth mental health services are unable to meet a rising demand for care. Changes are required to align care with young people's needs and priorities. In this paper, we present a case study examining the developmental stages of a community-based participatory research project in which young people and professional stakeholders co-designed a youth mental health service blueprint in Southern England.Methods: We took a reflexive approach to critique, appraise and evaluate how our subjectivity - as embedded researchers - influenced the research process.Findings: In this paper, we reflect on (1) the impact of an immersive approach on the development of trust with stakeholders and participants; (2) our methodology for developing and implementing community-based research and (3) the ways in which the complexity and the fragmentation of youth mental health services affected the research process.Conclusion: A participatory approach can be complex and challenging; however, we argue that by engaging with communities and building relationships and trust, researchers can develop a deeper and more nuanced understanding of how to create and shape services that better reflect local needs and priorities.Funding Agencies|National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration Kent, Surrey, Sussex</p
Dealing With Tensions in Increasingly Digitalized and Intelligent Complex Systems
No full textIn this article, we explore how organizations deal with the many entangled tensions involved in the engineering and management of increasingly digitalized and intelligent complex systems. By applying a quantum perspective on tensions, and an understanding of tensions based on their salience, a framework is developed for observing, acting, and reacting on a large set of entangled tensions, as a continuum of tensions. The well-documented case of Boeing 737 MAX is used to explore the extensive set of entangled tensions involved in the development of complex systems and the possibilities to act on these tensions. The analysis shows that an actionability perspective on the dialectic tensions potentially offers a deep insight into the challenges that organizations are facing when engineering complex systems. Two major aspects emerge as crucial for addressing complex systems: First, actionable salience as the ability of an organization to identify and select important tensions in several perspectives, and second, actionable resolution as the ability to address and resolve a set of salient, often complex, and entangled tensions that have been identified. Opportunities for further research are identified in relation to the management of increasingly digitalized complex systems and the emergence of complex intelligent systems.Funding Agencies|Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation [2019-0126]</p
Make it flow from solid to liquid: Redox-active electrofluids for intrinsically stretchable batteries
No full textHigh-capacity stretchable batteries are crucial for next-generation wearables to enable long-term operation and mechanical conformability with the human user. In existing stretchable battery designs, increasing the active material to yield higher capacity often leads to thicker and stiffer solid electrodes with poor mechanical properties. Here, we present a concept that transfers the physical property of a battery electrode from a conventional solid into a fluid state. The mechanical and electrochemical properties of the electrode rely on the viscosity of fluids rather than Young's modulus of solids. Fluids conform easily into any shape with minimal force, making them intrinsically deformable. This decouples the electrochemical and mechanical property of the redox-active electrofluid, leading to higher capacities with more active material loading without stiffening the cell. The cell showed excellent capacity retention over 500 charge-discharge cycles and mechanical robustness up to 100% strain. Our work provides a technological solution for stretchable batteries that balances capacity and mechanical performance.Funding Agencies|Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Linkoping University, and industry through the Wallenberg Wood Science Centre; Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems VINNOVA [2021-01668]; European Research Executive Agency [101110135]; Swedish Energy Agency [P52023-1]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at Linkoping University Faculty Grant [2009-00971]; Zenith Career grant from Linkoping University; Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE)</p
Enhancing molecular aggregation and decreasing the optical gap by a dual-additive to reduce the energy loss of all-polymer organic solar cells
No full textAll-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) have attracted significant attention due to their unique advantages, such as intrinsic stretchability and high thermal stability. However, in the PM6:PYIT system, controlling the phase-separated aggregation size of the acceptor PYIT is particularly crucial because of the difficulties in choosing suitable solvents. High-boiling-point solvents such as chlorobenzene may lead to excessive aggregation of the acceptor due to the slow solvent evaporation, and low-boiling-point solvents like chloroform (CF) may result in small aggregation sizes of the acceptor due to its fast evaporation. To optimize the aggregation size of the acceptor PYIT, we employ a strategy of using two high-boiling-point solvent additives (diphenyl ether: DPE and chloronaphthalene: CN) to prolong the aggregation and film formation time of the acceptor PYIT. This result shows that the aggregation state of PYIT is optimized effectively after the evaporation of CF, with the slow evaporation process of DPE and CN acting synergistically. Moreover, DPE with lower surface energy tends to make PM6 aggregate more in the bottom anode region, while CN with higher surface energy drives PYIT to aggregate upwards, forming a vertical phase separation distribution structure, which is conducive to efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport. Further analysis indicates that the introduction of the dual-additive leads to a corresponding increase in the external quantum efficiency (EQE) spectrum and an effective reduction in the absorption bandgap (Eg) of the solar cells. Consequently, the PCE of the optimized device increases notably from 14.58% to 16.67% and a reduction in Eloss from 0.500 eV to 0.476 eV by adding 0.6 vol% of 1-CN and 0.4 vol% of DPE simultaneously is also observed.Funding Agencies|National Natural Science Foundation of China [2022YFB4200400]; Ministry of Science and Technology [52394274]; National Natural Science Foundation of China</p
Theoretical investigation of cycling stability in TiS2 anode for zinc-ion rechargeable batteries
No full textTo advance the development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), which are considered a promising alternative for sustainable energy storage, it is a crucial step to explore zinc-free metal anodes to prevent zinc-dendrite formation. Titanium disulfide (TiS2) has emerged as a potential anode material for ZIBs, due to its sizeable interlayer spacing and favorable electrochemical properties. However, its stability during battery cycles must be thoroughly investigated to assess its feasibility from a theoretical perspective. Herein, the first-principles calculations are performed to theoretically investigate the stability during the cycles of zinc-intercalated TiS2 (ZnxTiS2). Despite its formation energies lying above the thermodynamic convex hull, ZnxTiS2 demonstrates robust mechanical and dynamical stabilities over the entire range of zinc-ion intercalation, suggesting its ability to maintain structural integrity under cycling conditions of ZIBs. Our evaluation of structural, elastic, electrochemical, and electronic properties reveals significant changes during the zinc-ion intercalated process, such as the reduction of the open-circuit voltage and changes in the interlayer spacing. These findings indicate that while TiS2 shows promise as an anode material from a theoretical aspect, addressing the irreversible structural changes observed experimentally is essential. Our insights into the mechanism of zinc-ion intercalation in TiS2 provide valuable guidance for future design and optimization of zinc-free metal anodes.Funding Agencies|Second Century Fund (), Chulalongkorn University [C2F]; Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund Chulalongkorn University; Sci-Super X fund, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University; NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation [B39G670018]; Swedish Research Council [2019-05403, 2023-05194, 2022-06725]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoeping University (Faculty Grant SFOMatLiU) [2009-00971]</p
Refining within-subject biological variation estimation using routine laboratory data: practical applications of the refineR algorithm
No full textFunding Agencies|Haukeland University Hospital; University of Oslo; British Heart Foundation [FS/18/78/33902]; Guy's and St Thomas' Charity (London, UK) [R060701, R100404]; Western Norway Regional Health Authority [F-12821-D10484/4800007771]; County Council of Ostergotland</p
Classroom Bullying: Understanding Bystander Reactions Across Different Bullying Types
No full textSchool-based bullying is a widespread issue, but it occurs less often when bystanders defend the victims. This study examined whether type of bullying and students' trust in their teacher's ability to manage the class would be associated with reaction of the bystander (i.e. defending, passive, and pro-bullying). The participants were 202 ninth-grade students in Sweden, aged 15 years, who completed a questionnaire in their classroom. They were randomized to one of five vignettes depicting different types of bullying (direct/ostracism, indirect/ostracism, direct/devaluing, indirect/devaluation, and control condition) and imagined that the situation they read in the vignette happened to them. Students with higher trust in their teacher were more inclined to defend victims. Students reported more passive bystanding in indirect devaluing compared to direct ostracizing. Finally, type of bullying interacted with trust in the teacher on passive bystanding.Funding Agencies|Crafoordska stiftelsen [20230796]; Crafoordska stiftelsen</p