Publikationer från Linköpings universitet
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Stimulating ambulance specialist nurse students' ethical reflections by high-fidelity simulation
No full textIntroduction: Ethical competence in professional practice can be considered essential among nurses and nurses in ambulance care encounter ethical dilemmas frequently. To enhance ethical competence among students in the ambulance specialist nursing program, high-fidelity simulation scenarios including ethical dilemmas were introduced as a learning activity. Research aim: The research aim was to investigate the usefulness of high-fidelity simulation in ambulance specialist nurse education to teach ethical reasoning when caring for children. Research design: This study was conducted as a qualitative interview study, complemented with observations and using field notes and qualitative interviews for data collection. Data was analysed using deductive qualitative content analysis based on a care ethical model. Participants and research context: Participants (n = 35) were recruited from an ambulance nurse educational program at a Swedish university. Data was collected after the students took part in two high-fidelity simulations involving children in an ambulance care setting. Ethical considerations: The study has been vetted and approved by the ethical council at the University of Bor & aring;s, Sweden. The study follows the Helsinki Declaration's advice on ethical principles. Results: The results showed that most of the students expressed some form of ethical reasoning during the simulation sessions, which were elaborated and reflected upon during the debriefing part of the sessions. The simulation design seemed to have a great impact on the outcome of the student's ethical reasoning, where increased immersion led to deeper emotional engagement among the students which increased awareness of their personal preconceptions. Conclusions: This study aimed to investigate whether high-fidelity simulations could be useful to stimulate ethical reflections and contribute to increased ethical competence among students. In conclusion, a well-designed high-fidelity simulation can be useful as an educational tool to learn and enhance ethical competence among specialist ambulance nursing students
Correction: Na-mediated carbon nitride realizing CO2 photoreduction with selectivity modulation (vol 670, pg 348, 2024)
No full textRe-assembling infrastructures from below. The agency of households in the sustainable energy transition
No full textHigh shares of renewable energy generation, digitalisation, and increased electrification are putting energy systems in flux. In this article we examine the ways households actively re-configure energy system relations at the local level and become agents in the ongoing energy transition. Drawing on assemblage theory, we foreground processes of emergence, the multiplicity of current configurations and the assemblage work required to create new infrastructure constellations. Through semi-structured interviews with households in Sweden and on-site visits we explore different situations where ambitions and desires of households, energy system actors and data service providers intersect and create particular logics of change. While assemblage work may result in households temporarily gaining greater agency by pursuing ideas of self-sufficiency, controlling their bills or the convenience of controlling devices, utilities and app providers also try to tap into this assemblage and integrate it towards a different logic of electricity grid governance or the data economy
Calibrating hands-on experience and manual know-how in anatomical dissection
No full textResearch on instruction in manual skills training has traditionally focused on the practices for displaying understandings that are conveyed via talk or embodied demonstration. Know-how, or the understanding needed for performing a manual skill, however, is necessarily grounded in the practitioner's sensorial experience of their movements, the tools they use, and the materials they manipulate. As such, sensorial touch is essential to the learning of manual skills, and participants require means for making their sensory experience accessible to one another for coordinating instruction. Building on previous work in practical skills training, this study investigates instructional interactions in cadaveric workshops. Focusing on interactions where a) instructors demonstrate manual actions and articulate tactile experiences, b) trainees attempt to explore anatomical structures, and c) instructors evaluate those attempts, we analyse the embodied and material resources that participants use for making tactile experience accessible, assessable, and thereby instructable in interaction, and how the instruction are consequently organized in pursuing that end. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Funding Agencies|project Teaching, training and assessment of surgical skills - Swedish Research Council [2020-04885]; Wenner-Gren Foundation [UPD2018-0240]</p
Structural and electronic properties of Sc1-xWxNy thin films on MgO(001)
No full textThe influence of heavy atom incorporation (in this case, tungsten, W) into scandium nitride is examined to assess its impact on the electronic structure and associated thermoelectric properties. Incorporating W, with its 5d valence electrons, is expected to shift the Fermi level into the conduction band. A solid solution of Sc1−xWxNy system is also expected to form as ScN exhibits the largest unit cell among the early 3d transition metal nitrides. However, phase separation is initiated at x = 0.10 and results in Sc- and W-rich regions occurring through conventional nucleation and growth. High-temperature nitrogen substoichiometry (at ∼800 °C) and formation of secondary phase is governed by inducing N vacancies in the crystal system. The N/W ratio alters the occupancy of the nonbonding t2g states in the valence band and results in phase instability. The Sc1−xWxNy system is found to be less covalent than a ScN reference sample indicating the presence of ionic and metallic bonds as observed through spectroscopic studies. A unique combination of a metal-like Seebeck coefficient with increased electrical resistivity is found for the Sc1−xWxNy system compared to the ScN reference. This study aims to elucidate the structural, microstructural, and electronic properties of the Sc1-xWxNy system and establishing a correlation with thermoelectric properties, through a combined experimental and theoretical approach.Funding Agencies|Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University; Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation through the Wallenberg Academy Fellows program; Swedish Research Council (VR); Swedish Energy Agency; Carl Tryggers Foundation [CTS16:303, CTS14:310]; Aforsk Foundation; Olle Enqvist foundation; Swedish Research council [2022-06725]; Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems [2018-04969]; Swedish National Infrastructure in Advanced Electron Microscopy [2019-02496]; Formas; Primetzhofer from Uppsala University; Swedish Research Council VR-RFI [019-00191]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [RIF14-0053]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF); [2009 00971]; [KAW-2020.0196]; [2021-03826]; [43606-1]; [51201-1]; [CTS23:2746]; [CTS20:272]; [22-4]; [222-0053]; [2018-07152]; [2021-00171]; [RIF21-0026]</p
Efficient sparsity-promoting MAP estimation for Bayesian linear inverse problems
No full textBayesian hierarchical models can provide efficient algorithms for finding sparse solutions to ill-posed linear inverse problems. The models typically comprise a conditionally Gaussian prior model for the unknown augmented by a generalized gamma hyper-prior model for the variance hyper-parameters. This investigation generalizes such models and their efficient maximum a posterior estimation using the iterative alternating sequential algorithm in two ways: (1) general sparsifying transforms: diverging from conventional methods, our approach permits use of sparsifying transformations with nontrivial kernels; (2) unknown noise variances: the noise variance is treated as a random variable to be estimated during the inference procedure. This is important in applications where the noise estimate cannot be accurately estimated a priori. Remarkably, these augmentations neither significantly burden the computational expense of the algorithm nor compromise its efficacy. We include convexity and convergence analysis and demonstrate our method's efficacy in several numerical experiments.Funding Agencies|Multidisciplinary University Research Initiativehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014036 [F9550-22-1-0411]; AFOSR [N00014-20-1-2595]; US DOD (ONR MURI) [1912685]; NSF [DE-ACO5-000R22725]; DOE ASCR</p
Dual-ligand fluorescence microscopy enables chronological and spatial histological assignment of distinct amyloid-b deposits
No full textDifferent types of deposits comprised of amyloid-(3 (A(3) peptides are one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and novel methods that enable identification of a diversity of A(3 deposits during the AD continuum are essential for understanding the role of these aggregates during the pathogenesis. Herein, different combinations of five fluorescent thiophene-based ligands were used for detection of A(3 deposits in brain tissue sections from transgenic mouse models with aggregated A(3 pathology, as well as brain tissue sections from patients affected by sporadic or dominantly inherited AD. When analyzing the sections with fluorescence microscopy, distinct ligand staining patterns related to the transgenic mouse model or to the age of the mice were observed. Likewise, specific staining patterns of different A(3 deposits were revealed for sporadic versus dominantly inherited AD, as well as for distinct brain regions in sporadic AD. Thus, by using dualstaining protocols with multiple combinations of fluorescent ligands, a chronological and spatial histological designation of different A(3 deposits could be achieved. This study demonstrates the potential of our approach for resolving the role and presence of distinct A(3 aggregates during the AD continuum and pinpoints the necessity of using multiple ligands to obtain an accurate assignment of different A(3 deposits in the neuropathological evaluation of AD, as well as when evaluating therapeutic strategies targeting A(3 aggregates.Funding Agencies|US National Institutes of Health [2RF1NS110437-06]; Swedish Research Council [2016-00748, 2021-01083, 2021-03524, 2023-03275, 2023-03931]; Swedish Brain Foundation [FO2022-0072, FO2020-0207, ALZ2019-0004, ALZ2022-0004]; Gustav V and Drottning Viktorias Foundation</p
TaS2 nanosheets embedded in a polymer ionomer catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction
No full textWith the goal to make sustainable hydrogen production, we studied the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at a platinum group metal-free system based on nanosheets of transition metal dichalcogenide TaS2 embedded in a polymer ionomer. The polymer ionomer binder has a decisive role in the functionality of the catalytic layer. Different catalytic layers were prepared by varying the ratio between Nafion ionomer and the TaS2 nanosheet. Morphology studies showed that there is a homogenous distribution of the nanosheet catalyst when the weight ratio of the catalyst versus the Nafion content, of the composite, is around 40%. Electrochemical characterizations elucidate that the optimum ratio is 40% as this electrode composite provides the highest current levels at low voltages of all examined samples.Funding Agencies|Vinnova [2020-04874]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [KAW 2021.0195]; Karl Erik Onnesjos Foundation; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at Link-oping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009-00971]</p
Endocannabinoid contributions to the perception of socially relevant, affective touch in humans
No full textSocial relationships are central to well-being. A subgroup of afferent nerve fibers, C-tactile (CT) afferents, are primed to respond to affective, socially relevant touch and may mitigate the effects of stress. The endocannabinoid ligand anandamide (AEA) modulates both social reward and stress. We thus hypothesized that AEA levels would be associated with the perceived pleasantness of affective touch in humans. Across two studies, we explored perceptions of affective, socially relevant touch and general affective stimuli. In study 1, adult participants (N = 101) were recruited based on presence (CM+) or absence (CM-) of documented childhood maltreatment (N = 52 CM+; N = 49 CM-). In study 2, healthy individuals were randomized to receive an inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH; PF-04457845) to increase AEA levels (n = 16) or placebo (n = 29). Outcomes included self-report ratings of touch pleasantness and intensity, valence and arousal ratings of affective images, and plasma levels of endocannabinoids AEA and 2-AG, cortisol, and oxytocin. In study 1, higher AEA levels were associated with a reduced preference for affective, CT-optimal touch. In study 2, pharmacological elevation of AEA resulted in reduced preference for affective touch. These effects were specific to social processing, as AEA levels were not related to ratings of affective images. In contrast to our hypothesis, elevated AEA was associated with reduced pleasantness ratings of CT-optimal, affective touch. This provides novel, in-human data linking AEA to social processing, adding nuance to the rationale for its use as a potential novel therapeutic target in disordered in social processing.Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council [2013-07434]; Brain & Behavior Research Foundation NARSAD Young Investigator [27094]; Linkoping University</p
Enhancing cognitive accessibility in assessments for children with neurodisability : development and implementation of an adaptation tracking questionnaire.
No full textPURPOSE: The range of impairments in children with neurodisability (ND) complicates data collection, yet individualising materials and procedures could enable more children to self-report. This study introduces the Cognitive Accessibility Tracking Questionnaire (CATQ), designed to monitor changes enhancing accessibility ("adaptations") in interview-administered patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). The CATQ is used in a longitudinal study of mental health and participation in children with ND investigating adaptation use and its utility in assessing the risk of bias introduced by these adaptations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 13-item CATQ was developed with experts in ND and augmentative and alternative communication. Predictors of PROM adaptations were analysed using linear regression; the overall change was tested with a t-test and item-specific agreement with Cohen's weighted kappa and proportion of agreement. RESULTS: Six interviewers conducted 69 interviews, interviewing 43 children once or twice. Common adaptations included explaining/replacing concepts (56.5% of interviews), exemplifying (60.9%), or repeating questions/instructions (50.7%). Child age, seizure history, verbal communication abilities, adaptive behaviour, and interviewer identity predicted adaptation use. Adaptation use did not differ between the two data collection points, 13 months apart. CONCLUSION: The CATQ enhances methodological rigor by tracking adaptations and facilitating risk-of-bias-assessment by analysing adaptation changes and factors affecting their use.Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council [2018-05824_VR]</p