Publikationer från Linköpings universitet
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Minority Stress, General Stress, and Family Support: Associations With Mental Health and Quality of Life in LGBTQ plus Young Adults During the Covid-19 Pandemic
No full textBy simultaneously examining minority-related stressors and general stressors experienced by the whole population, the study's aim was to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the health and well-being of LGBTQ+ young adults in Sweden during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study explored differences in mental health and quality of life between subgroups of young LGBTQ+ adults. Further, it explored how distal and proximal minority stressors, as well as stress related to the Covid-19 pandemic, and family support were associated with mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, and quality of life) using linear regression analyses in a sample of 245 young LGBTQ+ Swedish individuals. The results showed increased mental distress in transgender and nonbinary (TNB) young adults and that minority stress influences health in LGBTQ+ young adults above and beyond the general stress of living through a pandemic. Nevertheless, different predictors were significant for different outcomes. For all outcomes, family support was highlighted as an important protective factor for LGBTQ+ young adults. Findings support the minority stress model and highlight the need for interventions aimed at reducing minority stress as well as tailored support and resources for TNB individuals during times of general high stressor load. This may include support aimed at their close families.Funding Agencies|Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences [AM2023-009]; Torsten Amundsons Foundation</p
Structure-metabolism relationships of 4-pentenyl synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists using in vitro human hepatocyte incubations and high-resolution mass spectrometry
No full textThe rapid structural evolution and extensive metabolism of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) following consumption makes their detection in biological samples challenging, especially in urine. In vitro metabolite identification studies are an essential tool for identifying analytical targets to confirm SCRA consumption in clinical and forensic toxicology casework. Systematic studies on structurally related SCRAs allow structure-metabolism relationships (SMRs) to be determined, helping to predict the metabolites of emerging and future compounds. In this study, a series of amino acid-derived 4-pentenyl SCRAs and the OXIZID 4-pentenyl SCRA BZO-4en-POXIZID were incubated at 5 mu M with pooled human hepatocytes for up to 3 h. Metabolites were identified using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) and SMRs investigated using the proportion that each type of biotransformation contributed to the total abundance of metabolites for each parent compound. Metabolites were mainly produced via terminal amide/ester hydrolysis, dihydrodiol formation on the tail, hydroxylation and N-dealkylation, but also by ketone formation, dehydrogenation, glucuronidation and combinations thereof. Methyl valinate (MMB) and ethyl valinate (EMB) SCRAs underwent extensive ester hydrolysis (90.9-96.0%), which was less dominant for methyl tert-leucinate (MDMB) SCRAs (47.6-60.7%), with dihydrodiol formation (24.3-27.7%) and hydroxylation (6.2-17.3%) becoming more prominent. For AB-4en-PICA and tert-leucinamide (ADB) SCRAs, hydroxylation was the major metabolic pathway (47.9-58.4%), while tail dihydrodiol formation was most prominent for BZO-4en-POXIZID (61.5%). Clear SMRs were identified for 4-pentenyl SCRAs and can be used to recommend biomarkers of consumption and aid prediction of metabolites of emerging and future SCRAs.Funding Agencies|Eurostars-2 joint programme [E! 113377]; Eurostars-3 [E! 2297]; European Union [2019-03566]; Strategic Research Area in Forensic Sciences [Styrkeomradet forensiska vetenskaper] at Linkoeping University; Leverhulme Trust [RC-2015-01]</p
Unravelling typology of family life when a parent has heart disease: A qualitative study of families with adolescents
No full textBackground: When a parent is living with heart disease, it impacts the entire family. To fully understand the effect, the perspectives of all family members need be analysed together as a unit. Objective: To identify what characterises family life and relationships in families with adolescents, with a parent living with heart disease. Design: Qualitative study with an inductive approach. Setting: In three Scandinavian countries between 2019 and 2022. Participants: A total of 28 families with 83 family members, from three university hospitals were included. Inclusion criteria were families with a parent living with any type of heart disease, within six months and up to five years since diagnosis and having one or more adolescents living at home. Methods: Data was collected through semi-structured individual interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify patterns within families. This was followed by an ideal-type analysis, which resulted in a typology defining aspects of family experiences and responses of living with heart disease. Results: A typology was developed describing four different family responses to heart disease: resilient, fragile, overwhelmed, and resigned. A family with a resilient response exhibits a collective approach, fostering solidarity and adaptability as they manage heart disease. A family with a fragile response shares a sense of belonging among family members, but struggles with concurrent stressors, navigating challenges individually without external support. A family withan overwhelmed response experience breakdowns in communication and helplessness in managing heart disease alongside various demands. A family with a resigned response relies on individual strategies leading to challenges for them to interact and understand each other. Conclusions: Families affected by heart disease handle their new life circumstances in various ways. Strong family cohesion and supporting networks emerged as crucial elements in helping families cope with the multifaceted challenges associated with living with heart disease.Funding Agencies|Novo Nordisk Foundation [NNF180C0034016]; Kamprad Family Foundation [20210130]</p
Prevalence of microspirometry-detected chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in two European cohorts of patients hospitalised for acute myocardial infarction: a cross-sectional study
No full textObjectives To establish the prevalence of clinically significant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and relevant characteristics in individuals with a significant smoking history who are hospitalised for acute myocardial infarction (MI). Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Hospital inpatients at 8 European centres (7 in Sweden, 1 in the UK). Participants 518 men or women (302 in Sweden, 216 in the UK) hospitalised for acute MI, aged 40 years or older, with a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years. Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was prevalence of detected significant COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stages 2-4), defined as a ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 and 6 s (FEV1/FEV6) &lt;0.7 and FEV1 &lt;80% of the predicted value, measured using microspirometry. Secondary outcome measures were prior diagnosis of COPD, prescription of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), symptom burden (COPD Assessment Test (CAT)) and blood eosinophil count. Results The prevalence of significant COPD was 91/518 (18% (95% CI 14 to 21)) with no difference between the countries. Of those with detected significant COPD, 69 (76%) had no previous COPD diagnosis. A CAT score &gt;10 was found in 65%, and a blood eosinophil count of &gt;= 100/mm(3) and &gt;= 300/mm(3) was found in 76% and 20%, respectively. Inhaled corticosteroids were used by 15% of the patients. Conclusions In a cohort of patients hospitalised for acute MI in Sweden and the UK, one in five patients with a history of smoking was found to have significant COPD based on microspirometry. Symptom burden was high and treatment rates with ICS low. Among those diagnosed with COPD, three out of four had not been previously diagnosed with COPD.Funding Agencies|AstraZeneca</p
Correction: Raising concerns on questionable ethics approvals - a case study of 456 trials from the Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Mediterranee Infection (vol 8, 9, 2023)
No full text"But now it’s different here, you and I don't live in the same world" : A Thematic Content Analysis of how Crime Is Portrayed in Swedish Gangster Rap Published between 2022 and 2024
No full textStudien syftar till att analysera hur kriminalitet i relation till maktstrukturer och socioekonomiska faktorer skildras i svensk gangsterrap publicerad mellan 2022 och 2024. För att uppnå studiens syfte berör studiens två frågeställningar hur kriminalitet skildras i relation till socioekonomiska faktorer samt hur kriminalitet skildras i relation till interna maktstrukturer i svensk gangsterrap. Denna studie är en kvalitativ dokumentstudie där det empiriska materialet bestående av 20 låttexter analyseras via en tematisk innehållsanalys för att besvara frågeställningarna. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkter, bestående av socialkonstruktionismen samt det teoretiska begreppet socialisation, har möjliggjort att vi har kunnat tolka och analysera skildringarna i gangsterrapen som en kulturell uttrycksform. Studien visar att en låg socioekonomisk status och bristande socioekonomiska förutsättningar skildras i stor utsträckning som de bakomliggande orsakerna till utvecklandet av det kriminella beteendet. Låg socioekonomisk status och bristande socioekonomiska förutsättningar skildras även legitimera det kriminella beteendet. Med koppling till socioekonomiska faktorer skildras även en medveten statlig och politisk passivitet vara en bidragande faktor till kriminaliteten i socioekonomiskt utsatta områden. Dessutom beskrivs etnicitet som något mer än bara nationalitet och medborgarskap där etnicitet i låttexterna även associeras med klädstil, utseende och bostadsort. Dessa sociokulturella uttryck skildras förknippa viss etnisk tillhörighet med förväntningar, normer, fördomar och värderingar som kopplas till ett kriminellt beteende. Av resultatet har det även framkommit att gangsterrapen skildrar en tydlig bild av en intern maktstruktur där social kontroll har en övergripande central roll där lojalitet och kontroll framställs som eftersträvansvärda beteenden. Likaså visar resultatet att kriminalitet i form av vapen, våld och droger framställs som ett alternativt tillvägagångsätt för att uppnå status och bekräfta sin maskulinitet på när individer är begränsade att på legitima sätt uppnå det hegemoniska maskulinitetsidealet. Studiens resultat, som stannar vid att endast analysera skildringarna i gangsterrapen, i kombination med tidigare forskning och aktuella samhällsdebatter om populärkulturens inverkan på mottagare har möjliggjort en avslutande diskussion om hur gangsterrap kan tänkas påverka mottagare. På grund av att det saknas empirisk grund för att dra fasta slutsatser har en diskussion kring inverkan på mottagare utifrån skildringarna förts där det råder spridda tankar om hur musiken och dess skildringar påverkar mottagare
Learning with Screen is the Dream : A Qualitative Study on the Strategic Use of E-Learning in Competence Development
No full textProblemområde och syfte: HR-funktioner i Sverige har inte digitaliserat processer i samma utsträckning som andra branscher. Eftersom HR ansvarar för kompetensutveckling faller e-lärande inom deras område. Samtidigt är forskning om e-lärande främst inriktad på skolmiljö, trots att användningen ökar i arbetslivet. Studien syftar till att analysera hur HR-funktioner strategiskt arbetar med e-lärande i formella internutbildningar, där tekniska och pedagogiska aspekter anses centrala för att skapa ett mer anpassat och engagerande lärande. Metod: En kvalitativ fallstudie har genomförts med semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma inom HR. Resultat: Intervjuerna visar att HR arbetar strategiskt med e-lärande utifrån innehåll, struktur, tekniska funktioner och upplevda effekter. Slutsatser: HR-funktioner använder digitala lösningar strategiskt för att stärka kompetensutvecklingen, där lärplattformar nyttjas medvetet utifrån både tekniska fördelar och pedagogiska behov. Det strategiska arbetet präglas av en högre grad av avsiktlighet på övergripande nivå, medan implementeringen på operativ nivå i större utsträckning formas genom successiv framväxt. Genom struktur, anpassat innehåll och varierade lärplattformar möjliggörs ett dynamiskt lärande i samspel mellan teknik, pedagogik och praktik. Rekommendationer: Studien bidrar teoretiskt med insikter om hur HR-funktioner strategiskt arbetar med e-lärande i organisatoriska kontexter, och praktiskt med vägledning för hur organisationer kan utveckla eller påbörja sitt arbete med digital kompetensutveckling
Female and male teachers : Teacher gender and bias effect on students
No full textThis study aims to analyze how students’ potential biases and preferences are expressed in relation to the teacher's gender, as well as to analyze the impact that gender and gender matching between teacher and student may have on students’ academic performance. By doing a literature review, we’ve been able to recognize patterns between different studies and different time periods and see that a perception of teacher gender may be wildly more complex than first anticipated. Research shows a slight bias in favor of male teachers, though gender bias is often influenced by factors such as subject or teacher characteristics. Women tend to face higher expectations, and subject-specific gender norms affect how female teachers are perceived. New studies show that raising awareness about bias influences student feedback. Students report better relationships with female teachers who are perceived as more supportive, while male teachers are seen as more authoritative. Gender matching between teachers and students exists in some cases. Overall, our research suggests that teaching style and classroom leadership have a bigger impact on students than gender itself
The efficacy of elevating anandamide via inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) combined with internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
No full textPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe mental health disorder with limited treatment options. Gold standard treatment includes cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) that incorporate exposure to traumatic memories to facilitate extinction. CBT can be effective in PTSD, but effects are incomplete and symptoms are prone to spontaneous return. Pharmacologically facilitating fear extinction could potentiate the effects of exposure-based therapy. Here, we explored whether targeting the endocannabinoid (eCB) system, a neuromodulatory system critically involved in fear extinction, would promote the efficacy of exposure-based CBT. Specifically, we tested the effects of elevating the eCB ligand anandamide (AEA) via inhibition of its main degradative enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients with PTSD (N = 100; 85 women) were randomized to the FAAH inhibitor (FAAHi) JNJ-42165279 (25 mg b.i.d.) or placebo for 12 weeks. In weeks 5-12, all participants completed an internet-delivered CBT that included exposure-based modules. The primary outcome was clinician-assessed PTSD symptom severity (CAPS-5). Secondary outcomes included self-reported symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. Blood samples were taken to measure levels of drug and eCBs. Overall, PTSD symptoms improved over time. While FAAHi increased AEA levels, there was no effect of FAAHi on PTSD symptoms or any secondary measure. FAAHi combined with internet-delivered CBT did not improve PTSD symptoms to a greater extent than internet-delivered CBT alone. Thus, FAAH inhibition does not appear to be a suitable adjunct treatment for enhancing CBT in PTSD. This study was registered as Eudra-CT 2020-001965-36.Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council [2019-01887, 2013-07434]; Swedish Medical Association [SLS-939751]; Mental Health Initiative in Stress and Trauma Chair at the University of Calgary; Linkoping University</p
Exploring user experience: A qualitative analysis of the use of a physical activity support app for people with heart failure
No full textIntroduction Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent and debilitating global health issue, affecting approximately 65 million people worldwide. Physical activity is recommended for HF management, yet many people with HF remain sedentary. This study explored user experiences with an mHealth tool called the Activity Coach (the app), designed to support physical activity among people with HF. Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe users’ experiences with an app designed for supporting physical activity in people with HF. Methods Using a qualitative design, semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with ten people with HF who used the app for 12 weeks. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, data items identified and coded and themes were generated based on these codes. The themes were subsequently defined and described. Results The analysis yielded two themes: “Cultivating awareness of physical activity engagement” and “Motivation through enjoyment in the monitoring process and through physical and emotional changes”. We found that while the app was found easy to use, users faced challenges in defining and tracking physical activity. The app increased users’ awareness and motivation for physical activity and helped establish new routines. Users also experienced improved physical health and emotional well-being. Conclusions The app created physical activity awareness and motivation, and the study shows that mHealth may be used to increase physical activity motivation and engagement in people with heart failure