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Preparations and Electrochemical Properties of BC/CoNi2S4@PPy Flexible Composites for Supercapacitors
Full text link本文采用溶剂热、原位聚合和真空抽滤相结合的方法制备了用于超级电容器的细菌纤维素/镍钴硫化物/聚吡咯(BC/CoNi2S4@PPy)柔性电极材料,通过X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜、红外光谱、氮气吸脱附、拉伸强度和接触角表征了材料的形貌结构、组成、机械性能和亲水性,并采用循环伏安法和恒电流充放电测试了复合材料的电化学性能。结果表明,表面含氧官能团丰富的BC纤维网络结构对氧化还原活性物质CoNi2S4的生长和导电聚合物PPy的分布具有引导作用,CoNi2S4均匀分布在BC网络中,且PPy均匀包覆在BC纤维和CoNi2S4纳米球表面构成具有丰富孔隙结构的三维导电网络,使得该复合材料具有较好的机械性(抗拉强度达28.0±0.1 MPa)、亲水性(对6 mol·L-1 KOH的瞬间接触角为43.6°)及良好的导电性。该电极材料在1 A·g-1下比电容高达2670 F·g-1,充放电循环10000次后比电容的保持率为82.73%,且经1000次反复弯曲后电化学性能保持不变。此外,将其与活性炭组成的非对称超级电容器,在1 A·g-1下比电容为1428 F·g-1,最高能量密度和功率密度分别达49.8 Wh·kg-1和741.8 W·kg-1。Flexible supercapacitor is one of the most promising energy storage devices for portable and wearable electronic products due to its advantages of high power density, fast charging and long cycle life. Therefore, self-supporting flexible electrode materials with high performance have attained more and more attention both in academia and in industry recently. In this work, using bacterial cellulose (BC) as a flexible substrate, the bacterial cellulose/nickel-cobalt sulfide@polypyrrole (BC/CoNi2S4@PPy) flexible composites with three-dimensional porous network and good conductivity were prepared by a combined solvothermal-in-situ polymerization-vacuum filtration method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, N2 physisorption, tensile strength and contact angle measurements. Their electrochemical performances were tested by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge testing and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the three-dimensional porous network of BC fibers with rich oxygen-containing surface groups play a guiding role in the growth of the redox active material CoNi2S4 and the distribution of conductive polymer PPy, resulting in uniformly distributed CoNi2S4 nanospheres in the network of BC fibers, both coated evenly with a layer of conductive PPy. The resulting BC/CoNi2S4@PPy composites, a three-dimensional conductive network with high porosity, displayed good mechanical property (tensile strength up to 28.0±0.1 MPa), hydrophilicity (the instantaneous contact angle in 6 mol·L-1 KOH is 43.6°), as well as excellent electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance of the flexible BC/CoNi2S4@PPy was 2670 F·g-1 at 1 A·g-1 in a three-electrode system, and retained 82.7% after 10000 charge and discharge cycles. In addition, the electrochemical performance remained unchanged after 1000 times of repeated bending. In an asymmetric supercapacitor composed of BC/CoNi2S4@PPy and activated carbon, the area specific capacitance was 1428 F·g-1 at 1 A·g-1. The asymmetric supercapacitor achieved the maximum energy density of 49.8 Wh·kg-1 and power density of 741.8 W·kg-1.国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2014CB239702);国家自然科学基金项目(21676082)通讯作者:周静红E-mail:[email protected]:Jing-HongZhouE-mail:[email protected]华东理工大学化工学院,上海 200237School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, Chin
Probing the Practice Path to University Governance Innovation
No full text周海涛，北京师范大学教育学部教授、博士生导师；刘永林，北京信息科技大学公共管理与传媒学院副教授。【中文摘要】新时代,“建成中国特色、世界一流的高等教育体系”业已成为战略共识，需坚决破除制约高校治理创新的外部和内部瓶颈,深度聚焦拓宽和优化高校治理创新路径。政府、高校和社会各方应加快推进以优化治理体系为目标的高校组织方式创新，实现顶层设计与基层创新互动结合;全系统动员与子系统创新应对彼此补充，实现高校组织决策与执行之间相互融通;稳步推进以 提质增效为基点的高校内部服务创新，实现从“供给导向”转为“需求导向”从“服务覆盖”转为“服务体验”从“被动提供”转为“主动提供”持续推进以赋能增能为取向的高校支撑手段创新， 实现技术升级与价值赋能相融合,数据开放与数据安全相兼顾,资源共享与协同共治相促进，充分激发高校内涵式发展的生机活力，全面提升高校治理体系与治理能力现代化水平。
【Abstract】In the new era，“building a world-class higher-education system with Chinese characteristics” has become a strategic consensus. It is necessary to resolutely remove the external and internal obstacles that restrict university governance innovation，and focus on broadening and deepening the path to university governance innovation. The government，universities and all other segments of society should accelerate the innovation of university organization in order to optimize the governance system and realize the interactive combination of top-level design and grassroots innovation.System-wide mobilization and subsystem innovation should complement each other to achieve a fusion between organizational decisionmaking and decision-making in universities. We should steadily promote the internal service innovation of universities by improving quality and efficiency，and realize the transition from being “ supply-oriented” to being “demand-oriented”，from “service coverage” to “service experience” and from “passive provision” to “active provision”. We should also continue to promote the innovation of supporting methods for universities with a focus on empowerment and energization，integrate technological upgrading and value empowerment，take data openness and data security into account，and promote resource sharing and collaborative co- governance. The purpose is to fully stimulate the vitality of the connotative development of universities，and comprehensively improve the modernization of universities’ governance systems and governance capabilities.教育部教育“十四五”规划研究课题“‘十四五’时期教育服务创新驱动发展战略研究” (SSW202016
Construction of the “Belt and Road ”Discourse System from the Perspective of a Community of Shared Future for Mankind
No full text冯霞，厦门大学马克思主义学院/中国特色社会主义研究中心教授、博士生导师，法学博士；胡荣涛，厦门大学马克思主义学院博士研究生。【中文摘要】作为应对全球治理困境的中国方案，人类命运共同体蕴涵着人类社会价值重塑和实践重构的双重使命。“一带一路”是构建人类命运共同体的重要路径，构建“一带一路”话语体系是表达人类命运共同体内在诉求的话语实践，始终围绕着彰显人类命运共同体价值旨义、建设“五个世界”实践目标和构建立体化的传播路径而展开。“一带一路”话语体系构建是推动全球治理话语体系变革的中国探索，对有效促进中国在全球治理变革中的国际话语权提升和“一带一路”实践进程具有重要现实意义。
【Absrract】As the Chinese solution to the dilemma of global governance，the community with a shared future for mankind embodies the dual mission of reshaping human values and restructuring practices. The “Belt and Road” is an important path to building a community with a shared future for mankind. The construction of the “Belt and Road” discourse system is a discourse practice to convey the inherent demand for building a community with a shared future for mankind. It consistently focuses on the manifestation of the value of human destiny， the construction of the “ five - world ” practical goals and the construction of a three - dimensional path of publicity. The construction of the “ Belt and Road ” discourse system is the Chinese exploration of the global governance discourse system. It is of great practical significance for the promotion of Chinas international discourse power in the reform of global governance and for the implementation of the “Belt and Road”.国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国特色社会主义道路自信的内在逻辑研究” (16AKS005);福建省社科研究基地重大项目“新发展理念对人类社会发展规律认识的新贡献研究”（FJ2019JDZ005
Cultural Review of Resilience Theory and Construction of Chinese Social Work Theory
No full text童敏，厦门大学社会工作系教授、博士生导师，哲学博士；许嘉祥，厦门大学社会工作系博士研究生；高爽，厦门大学社会工作系实务研究助理。【中文摘要】随着抗逆力研究的深入，这一理论与特定场景中的文化因素关联变得越来越突出,目前抗逆力理论的文化内涵挖掘已成为国内外学者的普遍共识，尤其对于深受抗逆力理论影响并且经历了十多年快速发展的中国本土社会工作而言，亟需探究抗逆力理论的文化内涵。通过梳理西方抗逆力概念内涵的历史演变可以发现,西方抗逆力概念在人本主义的影响下越来越关注人与环 境交互影响的过程，把抗逆力视为人们对逆境的抗争。然而，这种把人与环境对立起来的抗逆力观点,在中国文化看来，恰恰是因为过度强调抗争而忽视了逆境中舍弃的价值，从而导致人与环境的无休止对抗。因此，对舍弃力的强调势在必行，通过舍弃人与环境二元对立的掌控视角，人们才能如实感知环境的变化，从人与环境双向交流视角出发，学会在接纳现实不足中找到可以改变之处的舍得应对策略，使人的成长改变真正成为现实生活改变的一部分，并由此推动本土社会工作的实践和理论深深扎根于中国文化土壤中，建构好“中国故事”。
【Abstract】With the in-depth study of resilience，the association between this theory and cultural factors in specific contexts has become more pronounced.At present，exploring cultural connotation of resilience theory has become a general consensus among scholars around the world. In particular，it is crucial to explore the cultural connotation of resilience theory as China's social work has been deeply influenced by resilience theory over the past decade of rapid development. An analysis of the historical evolution of the connotation for the Western concept of resilience indicates that the concept places a stronger emphasis on the process of interaction between people and the environment under the influence of humanism，with resilience regarded as people's struggle against adversity. However，in view of Chinese culture，the opinion that there is an antithesis between people and the environment is the result of overemphasizing resistance and ignoring the value of letting-go in adversity，thereby leading to endless resistance between people and the environment. Therefore，it is imperative to stress the ability of letting-go. For one thing，it can absorb letting-go into the process of coping with adversity， so that people can treat adversity objectively； for another，it helps establish a perspective of two-way effects between people and the environment，and enables people's growth and change to return to life rationality， so that the practice and theory of China's social work can remain deeply rooted in the soil of Chinese culture to create good “Chinese stories”.国家社会科学基金项目“新时代的场景实践与中国社会工作本土化理论体系建设” (18BSH151
Poleward Propagation of Typhoon-Induced Near-Inertial Waves in the Northern South China Sea
No full textOne of the main responses of the ocean to typhoons is the generation of near-inertial waves (NIWs), whose intrinsic frequency is close to the local inertial frequency. Based on mooring observations, we carefully investigated the spatial–temporal variations in NIWs in the northern South China Sea (SCS) after Typhoon “Haima”, which passed through the northern SCS from October 20 to 21, 2016, with its track parallel to the mooring array on its northeast side. Moorings in different locations responded differently to this typhoon, with stronger NIWs found on the continental slope to the shelf break and relatively weak NIWs found on the shallow continental shelf. Strong NIWs appeared twice within a short period and showed different characteristics and frequencies. The first NIWs were generated locally with blue-shifted (super-inertial) frequencies. These initial NIWs were dominated by the first three baroclinic modes and rapidly weakened due to their propagation away and local dissipation. However, the second NIWs mainly consisted of higher baroclinic modes with red-shifted (sub-inertial) frequencies. The analysis of the mean background flow revealed that these red-shifted NIWs were excited at low latitudes, and subsequently advected by the poleward background flow to moorings whose latitudes were higher than their critical latitudes. Higher-mode (n > 3) NIWs were more easily carried away by mean background flow, and, at the same time, high-mode NIWs propagated downward to the subsurface layer, leading to the significant elevation of velocity shear therein. Given these findings, the mean background flow may provide an important route to redistributing the energy of the upper ocean imported from typhoons.
This study was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91958203 and 41776027). XX was also supported by the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography, the MNR (HYGG2003), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang (LR20D060001), the NSFC (41876016), and the MEL Visiting Fellowship (MELRS1913). And RH was also supported by The PhD Fellowship of the State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science at Xiamen University
Gender associates with both susceptibility to infection and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamster
No full text新冠病毒的暴发流行给全球公共卫生带来严重威胁，迄今已导致超过1.5亿人感染和300万人死亡。大量的临床数据已显示，性别是影响新冠肺炎预后的重要因素之一，男性感染新冠病毒后的重症率和死亡率显著高于女性。因此，探索性别因素对新冠病毒感染和重症化的影响以及不同性别宿主的免疫应答模式，对于指导新冠病毒的临床治疗、开发特异性抗病毒药物和抗炎症药物具有重要意义。
厦门大学夏宁邵教授团队联合香港大学管轶教授团队系统分析了新冠病毒SARS-CoV-2对叙利亚金黄地鼠的易感性与致病性，发现病毒对地鼠的致病性具有较明显的性别差异，雄性地鼠相比雌性地鼠在感染后可表现出更为严重的疾病生理学特征和肺部病理学改变，可为进一步开展新冠致病机制与性别因素相关研究提供模型支持。
厦门大学博士后袁伦志、博士生马建、硕士生周明和香港大学朱华晨教授、陈日荣工程师为共同第一作者，厦门大学夏宁邵教授、程通教授和香港大学管轶教授为共同通讯作者。【Abstract】Epidemiological studies of the COVID-19 patients have suggested the male bias in outcomes of lung illness. To experimentally demonstrate the epidemiological results, we performed animal studies to infect male and female Syrian hamsters with SARS-CoV2. Remarkably, high viral titer in nasal washings was detectable in male hamsters who presented symptoms of weight loss,weakness, piloerection, hunched back and abdominal respiration, as well as severe pneumonia, pulmonary edema, consolidation,and fibrosis. In contrast with the males, the female hamsters showed much lower shedding viral titers, moderate symptoms, and relatively mild lung pathogenesis. The obvious differences in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and severity of lung pathogenesis between male and female hamsters provided experimental evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection and the severity of COVID-19 are associated with gender.This work was supported by grants from the National Science and Technology Major Project of Infectious Diseases (No. 2017ZX10304402-002-003), the National Science and Technology Major Projects for Major New Drugs Innovation and Development (No. 2018ZX09711003-005-003), the Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province (2020YZ014001), the Science and Technology Project of Xiamen City (3502Z2020YJ01), and the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU022). 该研究同时得到香港大学陈鸿霖教授、美国霍华德大学唐七义教授的指导，获得传染病防治国家科技重大专项、新药创制国家科技重大专项、福建省应急科技攻关项目和厦门应急科技攻关等项目的资助
The “New Methord of Midwifery”in Chinese Literature in the 1950s:Recording the Development of Bio-politics in new China
No full text王宇，厦门大学中文系教授、博士生导师，文学博士；何秀雯，厦门大学中文系博士研究生。【中文摘要】20世纪50年代文学中的“新法接生”既是对现实生活中的一场生育技术改革运动的记录，又蕴含着丰富的政治意义与文化内涵。它将批判的矛头直接指向落后的接生方法及其背后所运行的传统生命观念，记录了新中国生命治理的发展历程，呈现出民族国家对生命权力、生育习俗、妇女身体、家庭伦理关系的改造，以及与此密切相关的日常生活的再造。作家们围绕“新法接生”还提供了一个非常特殊的职业女性——产婆/接生员形象序列，在中国职业女性形象史上留下特别的印记。
【Abstract】The literary description of the “New Method of Midwifery” in the 1950s was not only a historical record of the reformation of reproductive technology in real life，but also a demonstration of abundant political significance and cultural connotation. These works directly criticized the unenlightened method of midwifery and the traditional notion of life that people observed. They documented the development of bio-politics in New China and presented the transformation of bio-power，fertility practices，the female body，family ethical relations and the alteration of daily life brought about by the nation-state. The writers also provided a series of special career women images of midwives，which had left a specific imprint on the history of the imagery of professional Chinese women.国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“百年中国文学女性形象谱系与现代中华文化建构整体研究” (19ZDA276
Lu Xun's “Li Ren”and the “For Life”Creative Approach in Modern Chinese Literature
No full text黄健，浙江大学中文系教授、博士生导师，文学博士；卢姗,浙江大学中文系博士研究生。【中文摘要】鲁迅提出的“立人”，是他认真审视中国历史和文化传统,审视中国人的生存境况和现代遭遇，以及在认识和把握中国与世界关系当中所形成的一整套有关“人”和人的发展的思想主张。无论是对于中国历史、文化和社会的现代转型，还是对于中国文学的时代发展来说,“立人”思想主张的核心是强调人的解放,特别是个性解放和精神解放，强调维护人的尊严、权利和地位，强调对现代文明的价值认同。鲁迅这种极具现代性精神特征的思想、意识和观念，与中国新文学确立“为人生”的创作理路，有着密切的内在逻辑关联，为中国新文学提供了新的思想观念、新的创作理论和价值意义的支持。
【Abstract】The idea of “Li Ren”，proposed by Lu Xun is a set of ideas on human development formed by his careful examination of Chinese history and cultural traditions，the living conditions and modern encounters of the Chinese people，and his understanding and grasp of the relationship between China and the world. Whether for the modern transformation of Chinese history，culture and society，or for the development of Chinese literature，the core of the idea of “Li Ren”，is to em¬phasize the liberation of human，especially the liberation of individual character and spirit，to emphasize the maintenance of human dignity，rights and status，and to emphasize the value identification of modern civilization. Lu Xun's thoughts，consciousness and concept，which are characterized by modern spirit，are closely related to the creation of “For Life” in modern Chinese literature，and provide new ideas，new theory of creation and support of value significance for modern Chinese literature.国家社会科学基金重大课题“鲁迅的文化选择对百年中国新文学的影响研究”（19ZDA267
