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Neurodevelopmentally rooted epicenters in schizophrenia: Sensorimotor-association spatial axis of cortical thickness alterations
Get PDFPathological disturbances in schizophrenia have been suggested to propagate via the functional and structural connectome across the lifespan. However, how the connectome guides early cortical reorganization of developing schizophrenia remains unknown. Here, we used early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) as a neurodevelopmental disease model to investigate putative early pathologic origins propagating through the functional and structural connectome. We compared 95 patients with antipsychotic-naïve first-episode EOS and 99 typically developing controls (total n = 194; 120 females; 7-17 years of age). While patients showed widespread cortical thickness reductions, thickness increases were observed in primary cortical areas. Using normative connectomics models, we found that epicenters of thickness reductions were located in association regions linked to language, affective, and cognitive functions, while epicenters of thickness increases in EOS were located in sensorimotor regions subserving visual, somatosensory, and motor functions. Using post-mortem transcriptomic data of six donors, we observed that the epicenter map differentiated oligodendrocyte-related transcriptional changes at its sensory apex, whereas the association end was related to the expression of excitatory/inhibitory neurons. More generally, the epicenter map was associated with dysregulation of neurodevelopmental disorder genes and human accelerated region genes, suggesting potential common genetic determinants across diverse neurodevelopmental conditions. Taken together, our results highlight the developmentally rooted pathological origins of schizophrenia and its transcriptomic overlap with other neurodevelopmental disorders
Mapping of the viral shunt across widespread coccolithophore blooms using metabolic biomarkers
Get PDFIncreasing engagement with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) using generative AI: A randomized controlled trial (RCT)
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Picard groups of quasi-Frobenius algebras and a question on Frobenius strongly graded algebras
Get PDFOur initial aim was to answer the question: does the Frobenius (symmetric) property transfers from a strongly graded algebra to its homogeneous component of trivial degree? Related to it, we investigate invertible bimodules and the Picard group of a finite dimensional quasi-Frobenius algebra R. We compute the Picard group, the automorphism group and the group of outer automorphisms of a 9-dimensional quasi-Frobenius algebra which is not Frobenius, constructed by Nakayama. Using these results and a semitrivial extension construction, we give an example of a symmetric strongly graded algebra whose trivial homogeneous component is not even Frobenius. We investigate associativity of isomorphisms R^*\ot_RR^*\simeq R for quasi-Frobenius algebras R, and we determine the order of the class of the invertible bimodule H∗ in the Picard group of a finite dimensional Hopf algebra H. As an application, we construct new examples of symmetric algebras
Mims Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR) with chirp microwave pulses
No full textWe present a modification of the Mims Electron-Nuclear DOuble Resonance (ENDOR) experiment that uses microwave (MW) chirp pulses to enable broadband excitation in W-band () Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform (FT) of the resulting stimulated echoes. The method is demonstrated on a nitroxide-19F model system and yields two-dimensional spectra that correlate hyperfine couplings with the EPR spectrum. In contrast to standard, time consuming and costly orientation-selective ENDOR measurements, this approach requires just one experiment at a single EPR resonance field position. At the same time, the resolution in the EPR dimension is increased. This provides additional information on the orientation of the hyperfine coupling tensor and enables the direct observation of chemical shielding anisotropy at W-band frequency. We analyze the effect of chirp pulses on the Mims blind spot function using CHirp Echo Epr SpectroscopY (CHEESY). Additionally, we illustrate that FT of spin echoes can be beneficial even without the availability of chirp pulses, using high-power rectangular MW pulses at Q-band (34 GHz). Overall, our results suggest that the combination of Mims ENDOR spectroscopy with FT of MW echoes can be a valuable method to obtain detailed information on electron-nuclear spin interaction tensors and will be potentially useful to disentangle complex, multi-component ENDOR spectra