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animal2vec and MeerKAT: A self-supervised transformer for rare-event raw audio input and a large-scale reference dataset for bioacoustics
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Caught somewhere in time: the radiocarbon sequence of the Iron Age occupation in Largo de Santa Cruz do Castelo (Lisbon, Portugal) (advance online)
No full textThe study provides a radiocarbon sequence for the Iron Age occupation in the elevated areas of the Phoenician settlement of Lisbon, located in the Tagus estuary (Portugal). The dataset is based in ten animal and human samples recovered during archaeological excavations at Largo de Santa Cruz do Castelo. These samples are associated with distinct phases of the Iron Age, dated by the ceramic findings between the 7th and 5th century BCE, as well as a latter sample from the Roman Republican Period (2nd half of the 2nd century BCE). Despite the challenges posed by the 1st millennium BCE radiocarbon calibration, this dataset proves valuable for establishing a more detailed chronological framework. It represents a significant contribution to refining the timeline of Lisbon’s Iron Age settlement and provides a stronger basis for interpreting local developments within the broader regional context
Die Preisfrage - KI-basierte Preissetzungsmethoden im europäischen Wettbewerbs- und Verbraucherrecht der Digitalwirtschaft
No full textAI-based pricing methods can be used in the online sale of goods and services vis-à-vis consumers. Prices are determined algorithmically on the basis of objective and subjective (i. e. personalized) criteria. This submission analyses this phenomenon from the perspective of EU competition and consumer law in a coherent manner. It focuses on the B2B and B2C levels, taking into account public interests as well as the (fundamental) rights and legitimate interests of all parties concerned.KI-basierte Preissetzungsmethoden können im Online-Vertrieb von Waren und Dienstleistungen gegenüber Verbrauchern zum Einsatz kommen. Preise werden dabei algorithmisch anhand objektiver sowie subjektiv-personalisierender Kriterien bestimmt. Dieser Beitrag analysiert dieses Phänomen kohärent aus Sicht des unionalen Wettbewerbs- und Verbraucherrechts. Dabei nimmt er die B2B- und die B2C-Ebene in den Blick und berücksichtigt neben übergeordneten Gemeininteressen die (Grund-)Rechte und berechtigten Interessen aller betroffenen Akteure
Die Erbschaftsteuer zwischen Symbolpolitik und Fiskalbedarf
No full textDie Debatte über die Erbschaftsteuer ist seit mehr als einem Jahrhundert hochgradig aufgeladen. Grund hierfür ist, dass die Steuer diskursiv mit maßgebenden Konfliktlinien liberaler Gesellschaften verbunden wird: Familie und Staat, wirtschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit, normative Legitimität von Vermögen und politische Machtverteilung. Historisch lassen sich drei Phasen der Erbschaftsbesteuerung in Deutschland unterscheiden; gegenwärtig deutet sich möglicherweise eine vierte an, ausgelöst durch hohe öffentliche Investitionserfordernisse, wachsende Ungleichheit und die Suche nach fiskalischem Handlungsspielraum. Eine moderat reformierte Erbschaftsteuer könnte politischen Bewegungsspielraum eröffnen, bleibt jedoch aufgrund starker Interessenlagen und symbolischer Überfrachtung schwer durchsetzbar
Evolutionary transcriptomics unveils rapid changes of gene expression patterns in flowering plants
No full textThe evolutionary history of angiosperms (flowering plants) is characterized by a highly accelerated rate of diversification. Although a number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the ecological success and rapid rise of angiosperms, the molecular mechanisms underlying their speciation are only partially understood. In this study, we analyzed the developmental transcriptomes of seven angiosperm species spanning 160 million years of evolution. We demonstrate that angiosperm protein-coding gene expression patterns diverged rapidly. Particularly high rates of expression changes were found for genes that are involved in the response to endogenous and environmental stimuli, promoting broad ecological tolerances, adaptive evolution, and speciation. This study highlights how ecological and evolutionary dynamics are highly interrelated, shows that the rates of expression divergence differ from those previously described for mammals, and provides a comprehensive resource to perform cross-kingdom comparative studies of transcriptome evolution
Coherent nonlinear X-ray four-photon interaction with core-shell electrons
No full textCoherent nonlinear light–matter interaction with X-rays gives access to a regime in ultrafast spectroscopy in which atomic resolution meets femtosecond and attosecond timescales. Particularly, X-ray four-wave mixing, involving several resonant transitions in a single coherent nonlinear process, has the potential to provide information on the electronic states coupling, coherent electron motion, correlation and dynamics, with state and site selectivity. Here we demonstrate coherent, background-free four-photon interactions with core-shell electrons using single broadband X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser. The all-X-ray four-wave mixing signals, measured in gaseous neon, arise from doubly resonant nonlinear processes involving Raman transitions, including X-ray coherent anti-Stokes electronic Raman scattering. The 2D spectral maps (photon-in/photon-out) represent a step towards multidimensional correlation spectroscopy at the atomic scale. Using a multicolour time-delayed X-ray pulse scheme, we further demonstrate the feasibility of extending the proposed methodology to the ultrafast time domain. These results reveal potential for studying localized electron dynamics in multiple systems, from biomolecules to correlated quantum materials, with applications in areas such as energy conversion, biomedical imaging and quantum information technologies
