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Fall prevention interventions in community-dwelling older people with cognitive impairment: A systematic review
No full textIntroduction: Falls are a major health concern for older adults, particularly those with cognitive impairment. Many factors contribute to the risk of falls, making it a complex issue to manage. Aim: This systematic review aimed to identify and describe the implementation strategies used for fall prevention in community-dwelling older people with cognitive impairment. Eligibility criteria: The review included studies on fall prevention interventions for community-dwelling adults aged \u3e 50 years with cognitive impairment. Eligible studies were primary research, including experimental, quasi-experimental, qualitative, and mixed methods designs, with detailed implementation strategies. Systematic reviews, protocols, editorials, opinions, commentaries, and conference papers were excluded. Methods: This review followed the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness and was reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Five databases were searched for studies published in English after 2000: MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), CINAHL Ultimate (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. Data on implementation strategies and outcomes were extracted and synthesized using the ERIC framework and Proctor’s implementation taxonomy. Results: Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-four implementation strategies were identified, with 15 directly fitting the ERIC list and 9 additional strategies emerging. The most common strategies were engaging consumers (i.e., patients and family members or caregivers) (n ¼ 13), adapting and tailoring to context (n ¼ 9), and training and educating stakeholders (n ¼ 8). Implementation outcomes were reported inconsistently across studies. Several implementation strategies were often used, but their combined effects on fall prevention outcomes were not clearly reported. Conclusions: This review indicates that engaging consumers, particularly family members, was the most common implementation strategy to prevent falls. The review also highlights new strategies, such as providing culturally appropriate interventions and using dementia-trained instructors. Lastly, the review identifies the need for clearer reporting of implementation strategies and outcomes in future studies
Indigenous wisdom for regeneration: Reducing the knowledge gap
No full textThe author of this paper uses Indigenous-informed literature and explores the use of a Multispecies Collaboratory to hear place-based voices and practice ways of knowing often denied value by the mainstream. In the Indigenous nation of Australia, the author sets out to learn ways to practice environmental education that build upon aeons of experience at caring for and responding to Country. The starting point is a 2024 paper with three claims, which are: a culture of epistemic violence and denial support the mainstream paradigm which silences Indigenous voices; an Indigenous-informed way of being with living-places can inform the core of environmental education; and an Indigenous-informed Multispecies Collaboratory can enhance the sense of multispecies engagement that underpins environmental education. Using mostly Indigenous-informed references, the author addresses the perennial question of how to reduce the gap between mainstream knowledge and that which is Indigenous-informed. To heal the distance between these ways of knowing–and have real impact on society–requires the Indigenous values and practices of care, respect and humility, recognition of the vitality of places and praxes of refusal of colonialism. This strengthens the framework for regenerative socio-ecological practice
Modulation techniques for underwater acoustic communication: A comprehensive survey
No full textThe underwater acoustic channel poses a significant challenge among communication mediums due to its time-varying dynamics, long multipath propagation, and severe Doppler shifts. Ensuring reliable data transmission under these conditions demands advanced modulation techniques, sophisticated signal processing algorithms, and high energy consumption. Moreover, underwater communication nodes typically have limited battery reserves, making them difficult and costly to replace or recharge. Additionally, as underwater communication networks expand, the risk of security threats that could compromise the system has increased, necessitating robust security measures that add further computational overhead. This comprehensive survey reviews the state-of-the-art modulation techniques for underwater acoustic communication, concentrating on energy efficiency and security measures while also exploring how Artificial Intelligence enhances these modulation techniques. We first cover the background of various modulation methods, including single-carrier modulation, multicarrier modulation, spread spectrum, spatial modulation, and hybrid-carrier modulation, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Then, we discuss strategies for minimizing power consumption and extending the operational life of battery-powered underwater nodes. Next, the paper addresses potential security risks and examines solutions to counteract security threats and attacks in underwater environments. Furthermore, this survey explores the benefits of incorporating AI to enhance underwater acoustic communication by optimizing synchronization, channel estimation, equalization, and detection, as well as adapting transmission parameters to changing conditions. Finally, we conclude the survey by suggesting future research directions and emphasizing the potential impact of integrating AI-based secure and energy-efficient receivers
My mum sometimes helps me with my writing: Parents\u27 and children\u27s perspectives of home-led writing
No full textThis qualitative study aimed to explore parents\u27 and children\u27s perspectives of parental involvement in children\u27s writing. Theoretical models argue for the benefits of parental involvement to supporting children\u27s learning. Research has placed little attention in examining parental involvement in children\u27s writing. Participants included 27 Australian Year 2 parent-child dyads, who were interviewed about their home-led writing. Results suggested parents and children valued parental involvement. Despite this, parents reported little communication from teachers about supporting their child\u27s writing. Implications include encouraging stronger partnerships and more frequent communication between parents and schools to help support children\u27s writing across home and school fronts
National consensus on the capabilities that inform the role of advanced practice paramedics: A Delphi study
No full textAdvanced Practice Paramedics (APPs) are highly skilled paramedics who operate in diverse clinical settings both within and outside traditional ambulance services. International evidence demonstrates that APPs enhance patient outcomes in areas such as critical and primary care. In Australia, the expansion of APP roles and responsibilities has gained momentum; however, no nationally recognised framework exists to define their expected capabilities. This gap leads to inconsistencies in education, practice and role clarity. A standardised capability framework is therefore vital to guide the development, implementation and integration of APP roles within the Australian healthcare system. The primary aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive list of APP capabilities tailored to the Australian context through expert consensus. A modified Delphi approach was used across four iterative phases to establish consensus. An expert panel of clinical, academic, organisational and regulatory/governance leaders was identified via the Knowledge Resource Nomination Worksheet. Participants reviewed, rated and refined proposed APP capabilities derived from international frameworks and relevant literature. Consensus was defined as a minimum of 70% agreement among participants. Of the experts invited, 43 consented to participate in the Delphi process. A final set of 33 capabilities, achieving 96% overall consensus, was developed. These capabilities spanned four key domains: Clinical Practice (14), Leadership and Management (10), Education (7) and Research (2). Iterative feedback ensured each capability was clear, relevant and aligned with the Australian healthcare context. The resulting capability framework provides a robust foundation for standardising APP roles within Australia, promoting consistency in education, practice and professional expectations. This framework not only supports the national advancement of APPs but may also serve as a model for international adaptation, contributing to the global development and recognition of advanced practice roles in paramedicine
Supply chain resilience: A critical review of risk mitigation, robust optimisation, and technological solutions and future research directions
No full textThis study systematically evaluates the literature of supply chain resilience by integrating bibliometric and network analysis techniques. This analysis is conducted following the dynamic capability, as a theoretical lens, to understand and analyse supply chain resilience. We extracted and curated 294 peer‐reviewed articles from leading academic databases, Web of Science and Scopus, covering the period from January 2000 to 2024. We applied two complementary network analysis methods, a keyword co‐occurrence network (KCON) to analyse the frequency and interrelationships among key terms, and a research focus parallelship network (RFPN) to map the connectivity among research streams. These analytical approaches revealed three distinct research clusters, optimisation for supply chain resilience, technology adoption for supply chain resilience, and resilience strategies against disruptions and risk management. By linking emerging trends in digital transformation with traditional risk management practices, this study offers a new perspective for both academic inquiry and managerial practice. Practically, integrating digital technologies, especially digital twin and machine learning, into risk management processes offers a strategic roadmap for real-time monitoring and decision-making in supply chain resilience. Furthermore, this study identifies significant research gaps, including an exploration of micro‐level dynamics within organisations, and the development of advanced simulation techniques and robust approaches to manage uncertainties
Triage tools to inform the prioritisation of physical health services following a diagnosis of cancer: A scoping review
No full textPurpose: Many people face multiple cancer- and treatment-related sequalae. Triage and referral to physical health services can manage such consequences, but a comprehensive understanding of available triage tools is lacking. This review (i) identifies tools used to triage to physical health services, (ii) maps tool characteristics and application outcomes and (iii) summarises existing gaps. Methods: A systematic search was conducted (three databases, April 2024). Articles were included if they used a tool to triage to physical health services. Tools were classified by triaged disciplines (i.e., diet, exercise, physical rehabilitation, multidisciplinary) and screened physical impairments (e.g., malnutrition). Tool characteristics (e.g., triage method) and application outcomes (i.e., reach, triage rates) were extracted. Results: Of 23,369 records retrieved, 67 studies were included. Studies comprised 78 instances of tool use (64 unique tools), where n = 33 triaged to dietetics (42%), n = 6 exercise (8%), n = 11 physical rehabilitation (14%), and n = 28 a combination of health disciplines (36%). Mean age was 65 years. Most tools were used during-treatment (45%), in hospital settings (62%), measured malnutrition/physical function (60%) and used single cut-off scores (68%). Reach and triage rates varied, with exercise (reach = 89%) and diet (triage = 63%) rates highest. Conclusion: Many physical health triage tools exist, most solely for dietetics, with heterogeneous characteristics and application outcomes. Updated tools are needed for triage to exercise/physical rehabilitation, multiple age cohorts across the cancer continuum, and that potentially use multiple cut-off scores. Cancer care professionals can use this compendium to identify which tool characteristics best suit their healthcare setting, for optimal outcomes
Understanding the factors affecting social acceptance of solar energy technologies
No full textThis study investigates the key factors influencing the social acceptance of solar energy technologies, aiming to develop a policy and practice framework from a socio-political perspective. While previous research has identified various factors, it has often overlooked the role of policy interventions. By employing Transition Management theory, this study maps these factors and emphasizes the importance of learning and policy adaptation in the energy transition process. Solar energy, known for its cost-effectiveness and potential to stabilize electricity costs, remains relatively unfamiliar to many at the local level despite its global technological maturity. This research consolidates fragmented findings from 46 articles published between 2013 and 2023, highlighting the primary determinants of social acceptance of solar technology. The key findings underscore the importance of environmental and economic concerns, as well as the roles of knowledge, information, awareness, and socio-demographic factors. This study contrasts with previous research that has predominantly focused on other renewable energy sources like biogas, wind, and hydropower
Green mining with artificial intelligence: A path to sustainability
No full textMining is a vital industry for supplying essential minerals crucial for technological advancement in engineering, medicine, and various other fields. Efforts to improve productivity, especially for strategic minerals, have accelerated with automation and artificial intelligence (AI). However, the rapid growth of this industry has raised concerns among researchers regarding sustainable development. This chapter examines the impact of AI in mines on sustainable development, considering social, economic, and environmental factors. Studies show that AI can positively affect environmental sustainability by reducing negative impacts and monitoring pollution. Yet, the significant initial capital required for infrastructure may challenge economic sustainability, though justifying this cost can enhance long-term economic viability. AI may increase knowledge and create new jobs while simultaneously reducing employment opportunities for manual laborers. Further comprehensive studies are necessary to establish frameworks ensuring that the use of AI aligns with sustainable development goals across all indicators
Australia’s rare earths lie between economic security and liberal markets
No full textChina’s dominance over the global supply of processed critical minerals and rare earth elements is well documented, as is its willingness to use such dominance for geopolitical leverage. Beijing has applied export controls to restrict supply on numerous occasions. Recent examples include new restrictions applied to gallium and germanium in 2023, antimony in 2024, and seven rare earths in 2025. This has constrained global supply and elevated spot prices of these metals that serve as critical inputs to advanced industry. The frequency of restrictions is growing, as geoeconomic competition heats up and Beijing turns its mineral dominance into a key tool for responding to strategic pressure from Washington. In effect, critical minerals have become a geostrategic weapon in Beijing’s economic statecraft arsenal, built on a formidable mix of economic scale advantages and industrial policy foresight. In response, governments have developed a splurge of security-of-supply policies, ranging from self-sufficiency, bilateral friend-shoring and mini-lateral efforts to build alternative global supply. Nonetheless, the hurdles to break Beijing’s critical minerals monopoly remain high. But as the geopolitical need grows, opportunity beckons. Australia is laying the grounds to becoming an indispensable supplier of critical minerals to global markets. Key to its success will be the effective transition from a global mining powerhouse to a mining-to-refining powerhouse. Moving downstream into value-add processing is a major challenge in breaking China’s critical minerals dominance. Nonetheless, Canberra has been eyeing a critical minerals processing opportunity since the federal government’s 2019 ‘Australia’s Critical Minerals Strategy’. Canberra’s critical minerals strategy is a departure from Australia’s traditional market-based policy preferences, toward a geoeconomic industrial strategy. In strategic sectors where market advantages are insufficient to compete with state-backed supply, Canberra recognizes the state has a new role to play in market formation. China remains the largest producer of both raw and processed rare earth elements (REEs), has dominant REE pricing power, and remains the largest importer and end user of non-China processed REEs. This paper addresses Canberra’s strategy for positioning Australia as an alternative to China for critical minerals, focusing on rare earth elements, the group of metals indispensable to high-tech manufacturing where Beijing’s dominance is greatest