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Effects of age on behavioural and eye gaze on Theory of Mind using Movie for Social Cognition
Get PDFYesEvidence has shown that older adults have lower accuracy in Theory-of-Mind (ToM) tasks compared to young adults, but we are still unclear whether the difficulty in decoding mental states in older adults stems from not looking at the critical areas, and more so from the ageing Asian population. Most ToM studies use static images or short vignettes to measure ToM but these stimuli are dissimilar to everyday social interactions. We investigated this question using a dynamic task that measured both accuracy and error types, and examined the links between accuracy and error types to eye gaze fixation at critical areas (e.g. eyes, mouth, body). A total of 82 participants (38 older, 44 young adults) completed the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition task on the eye tracker. Results showed that older adults had a lower overall accuracy with more errors in the ipo-ToM (under-mentalising) and no-ToM (lack of mentalisation) conditions compared to young adults. We analysed the eye gaze data using principal components analysis and found that increasing age and looking less at the face were related to lower MASC accuracy in our participants. Our findings suggest that ageing deficits in ToM are linked to a visual attention deficit specific to the perception of socially relevant nonverbal cues.Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (FRGS/1/2016/SS05/SYUC/03/2) awarded to M.H.Y
Innovation and Leadership in Australian Public Sector Organizations
No full textNoInnovation is growing in significance for business leaders, communities, governments, and nations due to its essential role in ensuring survival, competitiveness, growth, and marketplace dominance. Despite its growing prominence, innovation often falls short of delivering better efficiency and improved services. Therefore, this article aims to identify innovation in the public sector, and highlights the barriers to organizational innovation, leadership qualities, and organizational climates that foster innovation cultures. While interpretations of innovation vary, a recurring theme in the literature is that innovation primarily hinges on creativity (Houtgraaf, Kruyen & Van Thiel, 2023) and leadership, including competence rather than solely the effort and experimentation that creativity or invention demands (Chapman 2006). Given the ambiguity surrounding public sector innovation and the lack of managerial tools to navigate it, this article provides insights to understanding the dynamics of innovation in governmental settings
Emotional labor in dementia research
Get PDFYesThe concept of emotional labor refers to the regulation and management of emotions within the workplace. This labor may involve a dissonance between the emotions that are internally felt and the emotions that can be externally expressed. The concept of emotional labor can be applied to the emotional management that occurs during research often when directly interacting with research participants. These emotions can have a positive role in building rapport and enabling the researcher to understand the participant’s world. But equally, it can lead to emotional strain and potentially have a negative impact on researcher well-being. In this paper, we apply the concept of emotional labor to dementia research. While there has been attention paid to ethical issues in dementia research, this has often focused on the impact on the participant and not the researcher. Within this paper, we first draw on the literature to provide an overview of the role of emotional labor in the research context. Within the literature, we identify nine research scenarios where emotional labor might occur within dementia research. We then present three case studies illuminating our experiences of emotional labor within dementia research. These case studies provide illustrative examples of some of the research scenarios identified in the literature. To synthesize the learning from the literature and our case studies, we propose peer-critiqued recommendations for managing emotional labor in dementia research. We conclude by considering the implications for other health researchers
"To make the unseen seen": Organic residue analysis of Late Roman grave deposits
No full textNoThe concept that invisible molecular traces may remain in grave deposits, the often discarded ‘dirt’ from substantial mortuary containers, is not widely appreciated. Organic residue analysis of samples from Late Roman (2nd–4th c. AD) burials in Britain has revealed their potential to retain diagnostic biomarkers. Alongside the analysis of visible residues from similar continental burials, these results confirm that resinous substances were employed in the treatment of the dead throughout the Roman Empire. Deposited in close proximity to the body, they masked the reality of decay, signified the status of the deceased and promoted memorialisation. These findings, in conjunction with the sampling approach and methodology detailed here, have important implications for future mortuary research in the late antique period and beyond.R. C. B. was supported by a Ph.D. studentship from the Art and Humanities Research Council (43019R00209)
Negotiating entry to the professional labour market among Vietnamese skilled migrants in Australia: The impact of cultural distance
Get PDFYesThis study investigates the employment transition among Vietnamese skilled migrants in Australia and examines the cultural factors that influence this transition. Employing a qualitative approach, we conducted fifty semi-structured interviews with Vietnamese skilled migrants who migrated to Australia within the last five years and twelve interviews with Australian recruiters to gain further insights into the barriers skilled migrants face. The findings highlighted the cultural challenges encountered by Vietnamese skilled migrants as they moved from Vietnam to Australia, two countries of great cultural distance. Without cultural adaptation support, most skilled migrants had to experience career setbacks before recognising and devising strategies to overcome these hurdles. This study emphasises the need for specialised human resource management (HRM) interventions and strategies that account for the cultural dimensions influencing employment outcomes for this international mobile workforce. Additionally, it calls for future research to expand beyond the examination of skilled migrants’ human and social capital and incorporate various contextual factors in investigating the employment journey of skilled migrants
A study of ritual residues found on coffins and cartonnage cases in Liverpool World Museum
No full textYe
A Method for Estimation of Plasma Protein Binding Using Diffusion Ordered NMR Spectroscopy (DOSY)
No full textYesThe plasma protein binding (PPB) of a drug plays a key role in both its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. During lead optimisation, medium and high throughput methods for the early determination of PPB can provide important information about potential PKPD profile within a chemotype or between different chemotype series. Diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) is an NMR spectroscopic technique that measures the diffusion of a molecule via applying varying magnetic field gradients, where the diffusion is primarily affected by its molecular size/weight and solution viscosity. Here, we describe the use of DOSY for a rapid and straight forward method to evaluate the PPB of drug molecules, using their binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model.The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 11 Jun 2025
The Role of War-related Marketing Activism Actions in Community Resilience: from the Ground in Ukraine
Get PDFYesExtant literature considers marketing activities as instrumental for post-war recovery and peace-building. However, war is an ongoing lived experience for numerous societies across the world. Focusing on the role of marketing during war, this paper presents a study examining how and why people living in war adversity deploy, perceive, and respond to war-related marketing activism actions (MAA). War-related MAA are acts through which brands/organizations and consumers create or draw upon marketing meanings to convey and to enact stances and experiences related to war. This study adopts a multimodal qualitative methodology integrating photo-elicitation and in-depth interviews with consumers and with marketing and management professionals in Ukraine, the country enduring invasion and war by Russia at the time of this paper publication. Analyses through a community resilience theoretical lens, generate a conceptualization that demonstrates how war-related MAA are harnessed and serve as a medium in community dialogues concerning envisaged resilience trajectories (survival, creativity and growth, and recovery). The paper advances understanding of marketing activism during war by illuminating its potential and boundary conditions for serving as a community resilience resource. It also offers public policy development directions for marketing practice, organizations, and governments
Embodied leisure experiences of nature-based activities for people living with dementia
Get PDFYesPurpose
This article adopts an embodiment lens to explore the individual leisure experiences of people living with dementia when engaging in nature-based pursuits. It focuses on how people living with dementia frame their everyday experiences of nature and how these are shaped by any cognitive challenges and/or other comorbidities affecting physical health.
Design/methodology/approach
Taking a phenomenological research approach, we interviewed 15 people living with dementia and 15 family carers of people with dementia to explore how people with dementia engage with nature as a subjective leisure experience. We analysed their accounts using reflexive thematic analysis.
Findings
The findings reveal how people living with dementia frame their experiences of nature-based pursuits through three interlinked themes of ‘bodily feelings and emotions’, ‘sense of self and identity’ and ‘connectivity to others’.
Originality/value
The paper contributes to knowledge by examining through the lens of embodiment a neglected and overlooked dimension of everyday leisure: how nature is encountered, negotiated and enjoyed. The paper illustrates how nature and the outdoors may help people living with dementia to continue to enjoy prior leisure pursuits and thus achieve a degree of continuity in their everyday lives
Certifiability analysis of machine learning systems for low-risk automotive applications
Get PDFYesMachine learning (ML) is increasingly employed for automating complex tasks, specifically in autonomous driving. While ML applications bring us closer to fully autonomous systems, they simultaneously introduce security and safety risks specific to safety-critical systems. Existing methods of software development and systems based on ML are fundamentally different. Moreover, the existing certification methods for automotive systems cannot fully certify the safe operation of ML-based components and subsystems. This is because existing safety certification criteria were formulated before the advent of ML. Therefore, new or adapted methods are needed to certify ML-based systems. This article analyses the existing safety standard, ISO26262, for
automotive applications, to determine the certifiability of ML approaches used in low-risk automotive applications. This will contribute towards addressing the task of assuring the security and safety of ML-based autonomous driving systems, particularly for low-risk automotive applications, to gain the trust of regulators, certification agencies, and stakeholders