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Weather Radar Manual (WBAN)
No full text"The manual was designed to provide standard observing and reporting instructions to radar stations assigned to the National Synoptic Weather Radar Network and, also, to serve as a convenient reference on the fundamentals and applications of weather radar for both network and local use service" (Preface). This version includes all changes and updates as of July 1970
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Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena
No full textMonthly report containing a chronological listing, by state, of hurricanes, tornadoes, thunderstorms, hail, floods, drought conditions, lightning, high winds, snow, temperature extremes and other weather phenomena. It also provides information on storm paths, deaths, injuries, and property damage
Instructions to the Marine Meteorological Observers of the U. S. Weather Bureau, 6th edition
No full textThe ocean meteorological program of the Weather Bureau has two separate and distinct parts. First, there is the daily service by radio. Owing to the need for brevity, the radio reports contain a limited amount of essential information. The daily weather reports from ships and islands reveal the conditions over the ocean; when assembled on a map, including continental reports, they give a picture of weather conditions existing momentarily over a large region. A collection of observations is immediately returned to the mariner by radio broadcast so that he may draw his own weather map on shipboard. By this process, the weather at the earth's surface is mapped and much can be inferred as to conditions above the surface. Formation and movement of storms are revealed: advices and warnings of storms and forecasts of wind and weather are included in the broadcasts for the benefit of the mariner. For this first part of the Weather Bureau's program, observations are secured by radio from certain areas of the Pacific and Atlantic (including the Gulf of Mexico and the Carribean Sea). This service is of great value to agriculture and commerce as well as navigation; the daily weather forecasts for land areas depend to a considerable extent upon the ocean weather observations. To a very large degree ships' weather reports form the basis of warnings of the destructive storms that sometimes move from the ocean into coastal areas.
As the second part of the program. the Weather Bureau uses more complete reports, forwarded by mail at the end of the voyage, in order that the weather of the oceans may he studied in greater detail. Results of these studies are the wind roses and weather data in other forms, as they appear on the pilot charts, also weather summaries for all parts of the oceans published for the information of the navigator. The life histories of important storms at sea are determined and recorded from ships' weather observations. Information regarding weather conditions at sea is furnished for use in admiralty cases. Observations are used in connection with land data for the construction of weather maps of world areas. Since the oceans influence the weather of the continents, the study of ocean temperatures is one of the important lines of work of the Bureau.Digitization of this publication was provided by NOAA's Climate Database Modernization Program (CDMP) at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC).PublishedMarine, ocean, meteorological, observing, instructions, CDM
2005-06 winter severe weather awareness
No full textTitle from cover of PDF document (viewed Feb. 22, 2006); at head of title: 2005-06.; Harvested from the web on 2/22/0
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Inventory of Unpublished Climatological Tabulations: Section 4. Summaries of General Weather Conditions, Ceiling Heights, and Visibilities, Monthly and Annual.
No full textThis report outlines weather conditions in 300 hundred stations in the United States, Canada, and Pacific Islands in four figures: (1) Monthly General Weather Conditions, (2) Monthly Ceiling Heights, (3) Monthly Visibility, and (4) Annual Summaries of General Weather, Ceiling Heights, and Visibility; a list at the end also documents additional available information by station location
Weather summary for the state of Alabama 1992
No full textTitle from cover. "March 1993." Compiled by U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA National Weather Service, Southeast Agricultural Weather Service Center, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station
National weather and crop bulletin.
No full textIn 1919, no. 37, the Snow and ice bulletin was combined with this and during winter months the title reads: National weather and crop and snow and ice bulletin.Monthly numbers for 1887 have title: Special bulletin for April, May, June, October, November, December, and are unnumbered.1891, no. 4-1914, no. 15, 61 x 47 cm.1887, no. 18, has Supplement.Mode of access: Internet.1887 [no. 1]-1891, no. 20 issued by Signal office, War dept
Instructions to the Marine Meteorological Observers of the U. S. Weather Bureau, 5th edition.
No full textThe ocean meteorological program of the Weather Bureau calls in general for the making of but one regular observation a day, this, as well known, being made at noon· Greenwich mean time, (civil). However, in certain designated areas from which observations are transmitted by radiotelegraphy an additional regular observation is provided for at Greenwich midnight. Supplementing these regular observations are extra ones made under conditions of threatening or severe weather, gale and storm reports, and descriptive notes of weather experienced between observations, the lastnamed taking the form of a Daily Journal. The total requirements are such, however, as to make the smallest possible demands on observers consistent with the needs of the bureau in meeting its responsibilities for the ·issuance of forecasts and warnings, the procuring of data for publication on charts, and otherwise effectively carrying out its marine meteorological program. The provision that observations over the entire ocean should be made at the same moment of time is to make possible the construction of synoptic weather maps of large areas. While this object has been attained in part, nevertheless, owing to the varying observational requirements of different countries, the hope of a world synoptic weather map has never been completely realized. Generally speaking, in the Western Hemisphere where land observations are customarily made at 12 and 13 hours, Greenwich mean time, land and sea observations are in close agreement as to time; whereas in the Eastern Hemisphere agreement is at the present time almost wholly lacking.
The value of simultaneous observations has received fresh recognition with the development of radio communication. The exchange of weather advices at sea and the growing practice among ships officers of constructing weather maps has had the effect of renewing interest in the entire subject.
Concerted international action is now being taken to effectively organize the making of reports from ships at sea by radio to designated coastal centers of collection. It will be seen that by the daily receipt of ships' reports by radio an opportunity is afforded for the great national meteorological services to broadcast important advices to ships concerning daily weather conditions in their vicinity and along their course. There thus arises a reciprocal opportunity, as well as obligation, for ships to cooperate in this scheme of making observations of ocean conditions and reporting them by radio. Such cooperation will be coupled with the broadcasting and disseminating of useful advices and information by the national forecasters, made possible by observations from a large number of ships.
Instructions for the transmission of observations by radio are contained in a separate publication, Radio Weather Code for Vessel Weather Observers. The material contained in these instructions has been restricted for the most part to information considered essential or helpful in observational work. For information on the general subject of meteorology observers are referred to the publications named in the bibliography on pages 63 to 66.Digitization of this publication was provided by NOAA's Climate Database Modernization Program (CDMP) at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC).PublishedMarine, ocean, meteorological, observing, instructions, CDM
Weather record for Honolulu and the Hawaiian Islands.
No full textVols. for 1894/1895-1903 include compilations of monthly data with separate t.p.: Record of meteorological observations at Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands with notes from other stations occupied by the Weather Bureau.Vols. for 1892-1893 consist of monthly reports, with caption title : Meteorological summary & record, Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands.Vol. covering 1893 lacks year designation.Vols. for 1894/1895 and 1896/1897 issued in combined form.Mode of access: Internet.Vols. for 1892-1898 issued by Hawaiian Weather Bureau; 1899-1903, by Hawaii Territory Survey
Weather Forecasting for Weather Derivatives
Get PDFWe take a simple time-series approach to modeling and forecasting daily average temperature in U.S. cities, and we inquire systematically as to whether it may prove useful from the vantage point of participants in the weather derivatives market. The answer is, perhaps surprisingly, yes. Time-series modeling reveals conditional mean dynamics, and crucially, strong conditional variance dynamics, in daily average temperature, and it reveals sharp differences between the distribution of temperature and the distribution of temperature surprises. As we argue, it also holds promise for producing the long-horizon predictive densities crucial for pricing weather derivatives, so that additional inquiry into time-series weather forecasting methods will likely prove useful in weather derivatives contexts.Risk management; hedging; insurance; seasonality; temperature; financial derivatives
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