1,721,101 research outputs found
Designing Open Spatial Information Infrastructure to Support 3D Urban Planning in Jakarta Smart City
No full textLand administration is essential for urban planning and Spatial Information Infrastructure (SII). Interoperability of land administration and spatial planning will determine the success of SII utilization. This information should be accessible to all member of SII, including businesses and the community. This article proposes spatial planning information as an extension of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), the ISO 19152:2012 in order to support spatial planning. The relevance of spatial planning information to be included into LADM is integral to Land Administration System (LAS) development. 3D Spatial planning along with 3D land administration (LA) will provide a complete scene for land tenure, land valuation, land use, and land development to support sustainable development initiatives. Further, the spatial planning extension will contribute to support the UN member countries in obtaining indicators in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by improving interoperability and by integrating right, restrictions, and responsibilities (RRR) from spatial planning and LA which are often resulted from separate processes by different parties.OLD Department of GIS TechnologyOLD Geo-information and Land Developmen
Modelling 3D underground legal spaces in 3D Land Administration Systems
No full textTwo dimensional (2D) Land Administration Systems (LASs) do not adequately represent 3D underground objects. It is not easy to identify the owners of these objects and the relations between objects below and above the surface are not explicitly provided. A 3D LAS can however facilitate a better understanding, as well as a more efficient registration and clear visualisation of the Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities (RRRs) of the 3D underground objects. To represent 3D underground objects, BIM/IFC (ISO 16739:2018) models can be used from design. The LADM (ISO 19152:2012) standard should be used to provide a formal language to register spatial and non-spatial information in LASs. In this paper a literature review is performed to develop a standardised workflow to model the legal spaces of BIM/IFC models of 3D underground objects according to the LADM in 3D LASs. With this workflow the user is provided with a general framework, where adherence to the BIM/IFC and LADM standards enhances interoperability, increases efficiency and reduces costs. More research needs to be done on validating the workflow with use cases
Initial Country Profile of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia based on LADM
No full textThis paper proposes an initial LADM country profile of Saudi Arabia. The model aims to build a better communication system between all the stockholders to secure the land registration. The initial development of the spatial and non-spatial classes are have been based on the regulation of Saudi Arabia. For the development of the LADM profile for Saudi Arabia, several steps have been completed: 1- Interviews have been conducted with the stakeholders to collect information about the regulations of the land/building ownership. 2- Analysis of the current system of the land registration and its requirement for both spatial and non-spatial data has been performed. 3- Local regulations have been utilized to develop the initial LADM country profile.GIS TechnologieUrban Data Scienc
BIM Models as Input for 3D Land Administration Systems for Apartment Registration
No full textThe growth of cities and the pressure on land worldwide leads to more complex and multilevel structures with different space interrelations. For the registration of complex spaces mostly 2D Land Administration Systems (LAS) are used, while a representation of space in 3D could provide a clearer insight. Concurrently, technological advancements rapidly improve methods to collect, create, visualise, register, store and disseminate 3D data. In this context, much research is now being carried out at the sources and data used as input in 3D LAS and the various methods for their collection. In this scene, the approach to reuse data from the design phase is gaining ground. Specifically existing Building Information Models (BIMs), usually encoded in the non-proprietary Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) format (EN ISO 16739:2018) are considered a promising source for 3D LAS. Previous research has shown promising results using BIMs as input for 3D LAS. However, the use of BIM/IFC-models from practice has not yet been tested adequately. This paper investigates the technical issues that are encountered when using real-world BIM/IFC-models as input for the registration of apartment rights in a 3D LAS and how that process can be improved. In the context of this paper, BIM/IFC-models are iteratively being validating against technical requirements. Five real-world BIM/IFC-models are collected. They are tested on the existence of IfcSpace, geometric validity, overlap and the ability to georeference the BIM/IFC-models. The results of these validation show that the collected BIM/IFC-models lack the ability to be georeferenced. Additionally most BIM/IFC-models did not contain IFCSpace, or reference to essential attributes for identifying legal units in the Dutch 3D LAS. Recommendations and guidelines are formulated to address these issues. The BIM/IFC-models are placed in a 3D LAS at conceptual level, in which the legal spaces are enriched with information of the Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities (RRR’s) to those spaces in line with the LADM
Modelling 3D legal spaces of Public Law Restrictions within the context of LADM revision
Full text linkIntense exploitation of land in the vertical direction has brought up complex legal relations between different types of spatial units with various characteristics (e.g., land, marine, air, underground parcels, and infrastructure objects). Therefore, the use of 3D models is required to clearly represent real property and associated Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities (RRRs), deriving both from Private and Public Law. The latter are either not registered to cadastral systems (i.e., in The Netherlands very few have been registered like the private natural beauty areas, as they came with tax benefits), or are recorded to individual, thematic registries. Public Law Restrictions (PLRs) impose significant impact on ownership rights and land management, thus requiring to be systematically organized and registered. This brings out issues of identifying which types of PLRs need to be registered (based on land administration policies that apply in each country/ jurisdiction), selecting and “spatializing” them (in 2D/3D/nD). Within the field of land administration, the ISO 19152:2012 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) plays predominant role in standardizing legal relations between parties (people) and spatial units (land). LADM is currently under revision with its second edition widening its scope as a multipart standard comprising 6 Parts. The revision of LADM stimulates discussion on new concepts that could be included at the Edition II, and possibilities of refining the existing ones. In this context, the paper investigates the option to model PLRs into the multipart standard and investigates how to optimally categorize them based on the LADM Edition II Parts. The paper builds on previous work by the authors and aims to propose a flexible framework to model PLRs at conceptual level in the context of LADM Edition II. To validate the modelling proposal, two case studies of PLRs are studied. The first one relates to the restrictions imposed on land parcels crossed by the Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) in Northern Greece, and they refer to the establishment of protection zones, where construction and agricultural restrictions apply. The second case study refers to land use restrictions in the vicinity of an archaeological site in the municipality of Patras, in southern Greece. Those use cases were selected because of their generic character that may apply to other countries/ jurisdictions, regardless of legal framework differences
Monitoring Indicators of International Guidance Documents and Frameworks through LADM
Full text linkEvaluating the performance of a land administration system (LAS) is a critical task as it can provide input for improving the operational system. Through such an evaluation, the strengths and weaknesses of the existing system can be identified, and actions can be taken to improve it. Efforts have been made to \ develop frameworks and best practices for the assessment and comparison of the performance of LASs. Amongst the most prominent are the ‘Land Governance Assessment Framework’ (LGAF) of the World Bank and the ‘Global Land Indicators’ proposed by the Global Land Tool Network (GLTN) and the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) in its Global Land Indicators Initiative (GLII). The GLII indicators are closely related to the UN-Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicators on land tenure security, namely SDGs 1.4.2 (%adults with secure tenure rights), 5.a.1 (%agricultural population with secure rights over agricultural land), and 5.a.2 (women's equal rights to land ownership).The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), an International Standard (ISO, 2012), can be used to monitor global indicators proposed by various international organizations and to evaluate the performance of LADM-based LASs, as LADM Edition II now provides full support for all land administration (LA) functions including marine georegulation, valuation information and spatial plan information. Interface classes to the LADM are designed to support the generation and management of products and services, such as the monitoring of global performance indicators for LASs.This paper is a follow-up on Chen et al. (2024), which was focusing on formalizing SDG land related indicator using LADM. The objective of this study is to explore the extent to whichLADM can be used to also monitor the indicators of LGAF and GLII. To this end, the indicators are categorized according to their degree of association with LADM (i.e. full computational association, partial computational association, indirect association, association with other standards and non-association), and interface classes are created based on theresults. The results show that LADM can be used to monitor a significant portion of the indicators of LGAF and GLII, although most of the indicators are related to a country's national legislation, its implementation and organizational decisions and capability
Implementation of Spatial Planning Package for Construction of an LADM Country Profile: Reducing Asymmetric Access to Information of RRRs in Indonesia
No full textSpatial plan (or urban plan) as an aggregate product of sectoral policies (i.e., environmental, disaster management, economy, forestry), will be imposed to all land parcels in the form of public law to achieve the vision of a city. This vision relies heavily on the interoperability of land-use, land tenure, land value, and land development. The inseparability between land administration and spatial planning is widely acknowledged by cadaster communities in achieving sustainable development and important for landowners and investors alike. In July 2017, the government of the Republic of Indonesia established action plans for adopting, implementing, monitoring and reporting achievement of Sustainable Development Goals in both national and local levels. Spatial (or urban) planning is the key elements in these plans, particularly in fostering integrated urban and regional plans and supporting collaborative efforts towards well-coordinated national strategies. However, many of collaborative approaches are hindered by asymmetric information from lack of interoperability of information caused by the separation of management of land administration and spatial planning processes and information systems that sourced from silos of information. This phenomenon leads us to incomplete RRRs (Rights, Restrictions, and Responsibilities) information and causing hidden information for all responsible parties. The hidden information then creates high-cost economy, stimulates unnecessary disputes and instigates moral hazards. Asymmetric information condition, parties (authorities, landowners and prospectus buyers) are often being forced to put unnecessary efforts to investigate RRRs situations of their land parcels or properties against existing or revision of public laws within narrow windows of opportunity. This article aims to promote spatial planning information package in the upcoming ISO LADM revision to better integrate RRRs information from land administration and spatial planning into the existing Land Administration System. By exercising the spatial planning information package, a city can minimize asymmetric access to RRRs information among government institutions and between government and landowners or prospectus investors.GIS TechnologieGeo Informatio
Cadastral Information Modelling
Full text linkIn this chapter we address various aspects of 3D Cadastral Information Modelling. Of course, this is closely related to the legal framework and initial registration as presented in the first two chapters. Cadastral data models, such as the Land Administration Domain Model, which include 3D support, have been developed for legal information modelling and management purposes without providing correspondence to the object’s physical counterparts. Building Information Models and virtual 3D topographic/ city models (e.g. LandXML, InfraGML, CityGML, IndoorGML) can be used to describe the physical reality. The main focus of such models is on the physical and functional characteristics of urban structures (Aien et al, 2015). However, by definition, those two aspects need to be interrelated; i.e. a tunnel, a building, a mine, etc. always have both a legal status and boundaries as well as a physical description; while it is evident that their integration would maximise their utility and flexibility to support different applications. A model driven architecture approach, including the formalization of constraints is preferred. In the model driven architecture design approach as proposed by the Object Management Group the information model, often expressed in the form of a UML class diagram is the core of the development. This so-called Platform Independent Model (PIM, as presented in the current chapter) is then transformed into Platform Specific Model (PSM). This could be a relational database schema for a spatial DBMS (as will be discussed in the next chapter), or XML schema for a data exchange format or the structure of maps, forms and tables as used in the graphic user interface of a spatial application. Constraints have proved effective in providing the solutions needed to avoid errors and enable maintenance of data quality; thus the need to specify and implement them. This chapter explores possibilities of linking 3D legal right, restriction, responsibilities spaces, modelled with the Land Administration Domain Model (ISO 19152), with physical reality of 3D objects (described via CityGML, IFC, InfraGML, etc)
Analysing 3D Land Administration developments and plans from 2010 to 2026
No full textAdministration questionnaires. The last FIG questionnaire 2022-2026 was just analysed and the FIG working week 2023 (Kalogianni et al. 2023, and in that paper the creation or update, organization and initial analysis of the results from the 4th FIG 3D Land Administration Questionnaire, as an activity of the FIG Working Group 3D Land Administration 2022-2026 was presented. By sharing this information among the countries/ jurisdictions, a comprehensive inventory will be created. It is expected that cooperation will improve, by learning from the different countries and jurisdictions, to support future developments in the field of 3D land administration. It is noted that, as LADM is finding increasing recognition (Kalogianni et al., 2021), it has been further incorporated into the various sections of the questionnaire. The completed questionnaires, per country are fully available via the participants’ page of the 3D Land Administration Working Group website. The responses have been analyzed and reported in various publications (van Oosterom et al. 2011, van Oosterom et al. 2014 and Shnaidman et al., 2019), while the initial analysis of the 4th Questionnaire has been recently presented by Kalogianni et al. (2023). This paper aims to provide an overview of the developments and plans from the initial questionnaire in 2010, till the future plans for 2026, based on the analyses that have been previously carried out (van Oosterom et al. 2011, van Oosterom et al. 2014 and Shnaidman et al., 2019) and highlighting the results of the analysis from the latest questionnaire. The initial results from the latest questionnaire have been presented by Kalogianni et al. (2023), providing the main outcome from the current status (December 2022), while highlighting the priority axes till 2026 related to the developments of 3D LAS. What is more, an assessment rubric is developed by the team that prepares and analyses the questionnaires, that is actually a scoring of the responses in the various sections of the four (4) questionnaires This assessment process is the first time that is being carried out and it is executed for eight (8) countries and presented in this paper.Digital Technologie
- …
