694 research outputs found
3D Cadastral Lifecycle: An Information Delivery Manual ISO 29481 for 3D Data Extraction from the Building Permit Application Process
No full textThe lifecycle of a 3D cadastral spatial unit and its associated rights, restrictions and responsibilities is made up of many different parts and substages (Van Oosterom 2013). Onepart could be the extraction of 3D data from building permit application process. This paper looks at how this process could be coordinated with a number of other processes and the 3D data used for a variety of purposes including testing conformance to building regulations, rates assessment, inclusion in a national topographic map and asset management. Anassociated use case narrows the scope and illustrates how software which uses the Design and Engineering Methodology for Organisations (DEMO) (Dietz 2006) as reference can be used to facilitate this process.OLD Department of GIS Technolog
3D Cadastre and LADM - Needs and Expectations towards LADM Revision
No full textThe last decade, significant progress has been made in advancing the concept of 3D Cadastre and related technologies to facilitate its realisation. There are many examples of partial implementation and prototypes of 3D parcels registration around the world as stated by Kitsakis et al (2016) and Dimopoulou et al (2016) regarding selected countries. While standardisation in the land administration domain extends to 3D and even 4D representations, currently, there is no country that has a fully operational 3D Cadastre supporting all stages of the registration and dissemination (Van Oosterom et al, 2014). In the context of 3D Cadastre developments worldwide, the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), ISO 19152, outlines the foundations for a 3D Cadastre and becomes one of the best candidates for unambiguously representing 3D Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities (Kalogianni et al, 2017).The spatial development life cycle of an object begins outside the cadastral registration cycle and has a direct impact on how a specific development application is processed. Thus, in considering the changes required to allow a jurisdiction to register 3D objects, it is important to note the sphere of influence that could have an impact on 3D registration. These include multiple stakeholders and processes, which generate different user needs, as addressed at the previous section and also new opportunities that could be addressed on the current LADM version.To this purpose, this paper explores the needs and prospects towards further 3D modelling of the present LADM version, as derived by the current LADM experience in various countries worldwide in the context of the full spatial development cycle. Nevertheless, over the last few years the number of jurisdictions that are developing LADM-based country profiles,prototype systems and undertaking pilots using various physical models and data formats to achieve LADM implementation in the context of 3D Cadastre has become more significant.Those approaches can be mainly categorised as “fully operational” implementations and “partly-operational” implementations focusing on different aspects of 3D cadastre development cycle; e.g. submission of 3D survey plans, prototype stage; implementations that focus on visualisation, implementations that focus on constraints and validation rules, etc. Finally, within this context, this paper examines how current LADM version can efficiently meet the needs stated above and update user requirements for LADM in the context of the upcoming revision.OLD Department of GIS Technolog
Adaptation of barley to harsh Mediterranean environments = Aanpassing van gerst aan ongunstige Mediterrane milieu's
No full textResearch ObjectivesBarley is in Syria the dominant crop in areas receiving less than 300 mm annual precipitation. Grain yield is often below 1 ton ha -1, and is reduced by low temperatures in winter and terminal drought stress in spring. Variation in the timing and intensity of the stresses, however, can cause considerable fluctuations in yield between both locations and seasons. For environments where low yields are predictable, but not the stresses causing these low yields, selection for a stable yield across years and a reduced risk of no grain yield, is more important than selection for yield potential. Breeding targeted at these environments, however, is hampered by genotypex environment interactions.This thesis had several aims. The first was the identification of a combination of morphological and physiological traits, or a plant ideotype, related to adaptation of barley to environments where both low temperatures early in the season and high temperatures and drought during grain filling (terminal drought) are likely. A next step was assessing the effect of plant ideotype on yield in contrasting environments and the identification of the most appropriate environment to select for plant ideotype and yield under stress. These results together culminated in the development of a selection procedure for breeding programs targeted at harsh Mediterranean environments.ResultsAdaptation of barley to Mediterranean environments depends on the development pattern of the apex. Within a group of 36 cultivars, four contrasting development patterns were distinguished, of which two were adapted. The first pattern constituted early heading spring types: they did not have a vernalization requirement, were cold sensitive, but avoided terminal drought stress. This pattern is especially adapted to Mediterranean environments with mild winters and terminal drought, like those in Jordan and North Africa. The second pattern represented medium early heading winter types. They had a mild vernalization requirement, a very rapid development in spring and are especially adapted to Mediterranean environments where both cold winters and terminal drought are likely, e.g., those in northern Syria. Two other development patterns, late heading spring types and late heading winter types, are unadapted to Mediterranean environments, because of an inadequate avoidance of terminal drought stress: the former group had a too slow development in spring, whereas in the second group development was delayed too much by a too high vernalization requirement. The development pattern of the apex thus depended on the vernalization requirement in winter and the response to photoperiod in spring.To select indirectly for development pattern, morphological traits were identified, which are related to the rate of development in winter or spring. In winter, a slow development was strongly associated with a plant ideotype, which could be described by a prostrate growth habit, dark plant colour, and cold tolerance. This ideotype was characteristic of winter types. In spring, a rapid development resulted in an early heading. Selection for these traits together thus enabled selection for an appropriate development pattern. The results indicate that it is the combination of traits, rather than an individual trait, which determines adaptation of barley to Mediterranean environments.Plant ideotype in winter and heading date both influence yield. Cold tolerance and a prostrate growth habit and dark plant colour in winter had a positive effect on yield in low-yielding (LY) environments, but a weakly negative effect in high-yielding (HY) environments. Early heading was very important in LY environments, but of minor importance in HY environments, apparently because terminal drought stress was less important in those environments. Early heading winter types thus had the highest yield in LY environments. This was caused by a fast crop growth rate in early spring, combined with a long green leaf area duration. In addition, the yield of early heading winter types was little affected by frost, what improved yield stability. The differences between HY and LY environments, concerning the effect of plant ideotype and heading date on yield, show that HY environments are not representative of LY environments. Selection for yield in HY environments has the risk of selection for a plant ideotype which is not adapted to LY environments.Implications for Plant BreedingYield selection in early generations is difficult, especially under harsh conditions. Based on the results presented in this thesis, a selection procedure can be proposed, where ideotype breeding and empirical yield selection complement each other. In early generations (F 3 - F 4 ), selection must focus on the identification of ideotypes which are adapted to the LY target environment. This can be done in HY environments by selection for plant ideotype in winter and heading date in spring. In later generations, the adapted material can be tested for yield in the LY target environment; in addition, selection for other desirable traits can be done. Since empirical selection for yield in LY Mediterranean environments is most efficient if selection is carried out in representative LY environments, using adapted germplasm, the proposed combination of ideotype breeding and empirical yield selection seems to be efficient: it combines a low risk of losses of adapted germplasm in early generations with a relatively efficient empirical selection in later generations.The proposed selection procedure is easily applicable and can be used for many crops and types of stress environments. Essential is, before yield testing, the identification of a plant ideotype which is adapted to the dominant stresses in the LY target environment. Because landraces are often adapted to the local environment, landraces may be very useful in this identification
FIG publication 3D Cadastres Best Practices
No full textAt the end the two most recent 4-year terms (2010-2014 and 2014-2018) of the joint commission 3 and commission 7 FIG Working Group on 3D Cadastres, it was decided to collect the best known practices in a single FIG publication. Key authors were invited to lead a chapter on one of the following topics:- Chapter 1 Legal foundations (Dimitrios Kitsakis),- Chapter 2 Initial Registration of 3D Parcels (Efi Dimopoulou),- Chapter 3 3D Cadastral Information Modelling (Peter van Oosterom),- Chapter 4 3D Spatial DBMS for 3D Cadastres (Karel Janečka), and- Chapter 5 Visualization and New Opportunities (Jacynthe Pouliot).The mentioned lead authors have each teamed-up with a group of authors to produce their chapters. A lot of inspiration was found in the earlier 3D Cadastres activities of FIG, such as the various 3D Cadastres workshops, the two 3D Cadastres questionnaires, and the presentations and publications at the 3D Cadastres sessions at every FIG Working Week and Congress. The results is a quite extensive FIG publication of about 250 pages, which has been language checked by native English speakers. The publication is further completed with a foreword by the current FIG president Chryssy Potsiou, and introduction by the editor Peter van Oosterom and other front and back materials.Based on this long version also a shorter version is produced (about 80 pages). The short version will become available as FIG publication both in hard-copy (paper) and soft-copy (pdf online). The long version will only be published in soft-copy form and in the style of the FIG proceedings.Both versions are (expected to be) available at the FIG congress 2018 in Istanbul, Turkey. Every chapter will be shortly introduced by one of the authors at the FIG congress 2018.OLD Department of GIS Technolog
Systematic analysis of Functionalities for the Israeli 3D Cadastre
No full textFollowing public demand to improve the efficiency and transparency of government administrations, together with the existence of mature technologies and modern urban planning necessities, it is now essential to establish more advanced and comprehensive land management (cadastre) systems. Cadastre systems available today are mostly based on twodimensional registration procedures only, limited in their ability to manage modern urban andcomplex areas. This requires the ability to handle various types of data in a uniform way - both spatially (horizontal position and altitude) and temporary, with emphasis on infrastructure development that must be addressed and registered with respect to the third dimension – above-terrain and below-terrain. That is, establishing a series of conditions and functionalities, which will enable utilization of land/space for various complex projects, individually owned, above and below the surface. The Survey Of Israel (SOI) is advocatingtowards a solution related to 3D cadastre, establishing the idea of a unified spatial 3D volumetric parcel, such that the volume of such new 3D spatial parcel can be a part of (subtracted from) a number of 2D parcels. The required 3D Cadastre system should be capable to combine different types of data that are relevant to cadastre systems, and to constitute a unified model from different government databases: among others, the Survey Of Israel, the Land Registry, and the Israel Land Authority. The system should enable archiving, visualization, queries and analysis of three-dimensional characteristics and structures ondifferent temporal time-stamps. So far, three-dimensional systems are currently having their focus on 3D topography (modelling physical real-world objects), and are limited in supporting the multi-dimensional cadastre implementation needs. This study aims at investigating and presenting a set of spatial functionality requirements from such a system that would enable good governance in accordance with the definitions and guidelines of the SOI, derived mainly from technical specification required to support the third dimension(depth/ height) in existing platforms or systems. A systematic analysis of the processes and functionalities needed by such a system is made, each is a workflow of specific geometric and topologic functionalities integrated in the system (such as: intersection, extraction, merging, deletion – to name a few). This study will give an overview of all required functionalities for this system (and relate this to the information needs as expressed in LADM), with detaileddescription of three processes, and their contribution to the establishment of the 3D cadastre system.OLD Department of GIS Technolog
The phased 3D cadastre implementation in the Netherlands
No full textAfter more than a decade of 3D cadastre research in the Netherlands, including detailed analysis of various complex 3D right configurations and development of several prototypes, the Dutch Kadaster is implementing a 3D cadastre solution. Earlier research showed that the registration and publication of rights on multi-level property is possible within the existing system in the Netherlands. However, as demonstrated in these earlier publications, this way of registration has limitations. The most important is that it may require a mental exercise to understand 3D property situations based on information available in the land and cadastral registers. Sometimes the registration is ambiguous and reality is even needed to understand the registration instead of vice versa. To meet these limitations, the Dutch Kadaster is currently designing and implementing the cadastral system extension for registration of 3D rights (and restrictions). The solution is partly driven by the alternatives as studied in previous research and partly by the observation that implementing 3D cadastre in practice is a process that requires experience- and knowledge- building. Uncertainties on the implementation of a 3D cadastre in a specific country exist due to technological developments on the one hand and cadastral and legal developments on the other hand. Also two disciplines are involved (i.e. technical and legal experts) who need to understand the impact of 3D cadastre in each other's domain for proper 3D cadastre developments. To meet these uncertainties, the proposed 3D cadastre NL solution consists of a two-phase process. The aim of the first phase is to gain experiences by introducing evolving technologies in the legal domain of 3D cadastre. The second phase will aim at a more advanced 3D cadastre solution, which will accomplish a 3D cadastral registration at a fundamental level. Both phases do fit in the ISO FDIS 19152 Land Administration Domain Model via 3D country profiles for the Netherlands. This paper will start with identifying the situations appropriate for a 3D approach. After that the two phases are further explained. The paper will end with conclusions and work in progress.OTB ResearchOTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen
BIM Models as Input for 3D Land Administration Systems for Apartment Registration
No full textThe growth of cities and the pressure on land worldwide leads to more complex and multilevel structures with different space interrelations. For the registration of complex spaces mostly 2D Land Administration Systems (LAS) are used, while a representation of space in 3D could provide a clearer insight. Concurrently, technological advancements rapidly improve methods to collect, create, visualise, register, store and disseminate 3D data. In this context, much research is now being carried out at the sources and data used as input in 3D LAS and the various methods for their collection. In this scene, the approach to reuse data from the design phase is gaining ground. Specifically existing Building Information Models (BIMs), usually encoded in the non-proprietary Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) format (EN ISO 16739:2018) are considered a promising source for 3D LAS. Previous research has shown promising results using BIMs as input for 3D LAS. However, the use of BIM/IFC-models from practice has not yet been tested adequately. This paper investigates the technical issues that are encountered when using real-world BIM/IFC-models as input for the registration of apartment rights in a 3D LAS and how that process can be improved. In the context of this paper, BIM/IFC-models are iteratively being validating against technical requirements. Five real-world BIM/IFC-models are collected. They are tested on the existence of IfcSpace, geometric validity, overlap and the ability to georeference the BIM/IFC-models. The results of these validation show that the collected BIM/IFC-models lack the ability to be georeferenced. Additionally most BIM/IFC-models did not contain IFCSpace, or reference to essential attributes for identifying legal units in the Dutch 3D LAS. Recommendations and guidelines are formulated to address these issues. The BIM/IFC-models are placed in a 3D LAS at conceptual level, in which the legal spaces are enriched with information of the Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities (RRR’s) to those spaces in line with the LADM
LADM country profiles development: aspects to be reflected and considered
No full textThe wider recognition and use of ISO 19152 LADM Edition I, is mainly documented through the country profiles that have been developed in multiple jurisdictions across the world. Various approaches for developing country profiles have been followed, without acting in accordance with a specific (official or unofficial) roadmap or methodology. This has resulted in an interesting mosaic of country profiles, which at the same time, highlights the need to outline the basic steps that need to be followed in order to develop a country profile. Currently, the revision of the LADM Edition I is ongoing, and the discussion for the development, maintenance and update of the existing and future LADM-based country profiles has been initiated. Therefore, it is considered a good timing to address the experience gained from the developed country profiles and introduce methodological steps for the development of country profiles.This paper reflects on the country profiles that have been developed so far, identifying similarities and discrepancies on the path followed, bearing in mind the scope and objective of the development of those profiles and their level of maturity, also conforming to the land registration system and national jurisdiction. Thus, the paper is separated in three main parts: the first part that introduces the LADM revision and its scope, reflects on the existing country profiles and outlines the components of the proposed methodology. The second part presents an LADM-based country profile for Malaysia, as an example application of the proposed methodology. Finally, the last part is dedicated to the discussion, conclusions and proposals for future steps in the context of LADM revision.GIS Technologi
Current developments in 3D-cadastre with examples from the Netherlands and the Russian Federation
No full textThe world is (at least) three dimensional in our perception although when it comes to representation we have become used to the simplification of the ‘reality’ into two dimensions (2D). Most situations in a cadastre can be represented in 2D on a map without that this representation causes too many uncertainties or queries. However, with current developments in architecture, registration of apartment rights and underground cables and pipelines the representation of real estate objects in 2D is often no longer adequate in representing unambiguously the ‘reality’ (Figure 1). In the case of apartment rights a three dimensional drawing is sometimes provided to furnish an idea where in the building these rights are located. Modern technologies, however, allow us increasingly to represent the ‘reality’ in three dimensions (3D). Technologies for creating and managing 3D geoinformation have matured while costs for such information and 3D-tools have significantly decreased. These tools enable us to represent the ‘reality’ in an improved manner. Ongoing developments will allow us to represent the ‘reality’ in future even in 4D (including time) (Van Oosterom et al. 2006) and 5D (including time and scale dimensions) (Van Oosterom and Stoter 2010).OTB ResearchOTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen
Russian-Dutch project "3D cadastre modelling in Russia"
No full textGIS TechnologyOTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen
- …
